RU2305413C2 - Feed additive and method for feeding of pigs using feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feeding of agricultural animals.

SUBSTANCE: feed additive used for breeding of sows and their litter is produced from fat-free secondary waste of complex processing of hard wheat by cold pressing. Fat content of feed additive is 5-8%. Method involves introducing said additive to breeding sow ration in an amount of 100-200 g once a day, to bred sow ration - 45-60 days before farrowing time, to nursing sow in an amount corresponding to volume of pigs, to pigs - beginning from 7 day age - in an amount of 5-10 g per head once a day, these being combined with feed.

EFFECT: increased weight gain and provision for retention of young pigs.

9 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, more specifically to the production of feed additives from waste from the food and medical industries, and can be used, in particular, when raising pigs both in large pig-breeding complexes, as well as in farming and personal farming.

It is known to use the production waste of a plant extract of condensed plant alfalfa grass - a filtered solid raffinate fraction as a feed additive for pregnant and lactating sows (See RF Patent No. 2068228, A23K 1/00, Publ. 27.10.96. Bull. No. 30).

A feed additive from these wastes is added to the sows ration at 50 g / goal, at each feeding.

With good use results, such an additive has limited use due to the small production volumes of the Herracond herbal product, during the production of which it is formed.

The widespread use in animal feed of waste from the food industry, processing agricultural raw materials, corn starch production, glucose production, the alcohol industry, the brewing industry (brewer's yeast, protein sludge), the milling industry (grain waste, bran) and others (see Gumeniuk) is also known. GD et al. Use of industrial and agricultural waste in animal husbandry. Kiev: Harvest, 1991).

Given the large amounts of use of such primary wastes of the food industry in animal feeding, it should be noted that these wastes are usually used directly without additional deep processing, which reduces the efficiency of their use and leads to the loss of some valuable components and substances for people and animals.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of feed additives for farm animals with the effective full use of waste products from the food industry, using deep waste-free processing of vegetable edible agricultural raw materials.

The problem is solved in that as a feed additive for farm animals use flour from non-fat wheat germ with a content of crude fat of 5-8% obtained by grinding the waste from the production of wheat germ oil obtained by cold pressing waste wheat cereal flakes, and flour from non-fat waste processing of wheat germ is used in pig breeding and is introduced into the diet of pregnant and lactating sows 100-200 grams, once a day, while pregnant sows are administered in 45-60 days minutes before farrowing and suckling sows administered before weaning piglets and pigs injected with 7 days at 5-10 grams.

Flour from fat-free secondary waste from complex deep processing of durum wheat obtained by producing wheat germ oil by cold pressing is a new product that emerged from the introduction of advanced non-waste wheat germ oil technology developed and developed by Pink Lotos CJSC, Russia , Yekaterinburg, and therefore previously not used in feed production, which is the novelty of the proposed feed additives and the method of its use in pig breeding.

According to previously known technologies, the extraction method was used in the manufacture of wheat germ oil (wheat oil), since for raw materials with an oil content of less than 30%, which include wheat germ (oil content of about 17% to ST), it was considered advisable to use extraction methods, and pressing was used at a higher oil content of raw materials (see O. Kislukhina and others. Vitaminized oils from mixed vegetable raw materials. // Storage and processing of agricultural raw materials, No. 4, 2003, p. 87-89). The waste obtained after the extraction of wheat germ oil, according to known technologies, had a residual extractant content and therefore was not used for feed purposes.

Flour from wheat germ according to previously known technologies was obtained as an independent food product with preliminary steaming of raw materials at 120-130 ° C and drying before grinding at 100-110 ° C, which led to a large loss of biologically active substances and the cost of such flour (see Patent RF No. 2037304, A23L 1/10, 1995).

When applying the new original design of screw presses of cold pressing using the technology of special preparation of raw materials (flakes), it became possible to obtain wheat germ oil in industrial volumes and waste in the form of non-fat meal to obtain wheat germ flour, with a crude fat content of 5-8%, proposed as a new feed additive, in particular in pig breeding, as this technology has sharply reduced the cost of producing wheat germ oil (food and medical product), and low-fat meal from pressing has become a secondary waste with a residual value and nutritional value acceptable for livestock.

Flour from fat-free secondary waste from complex deep processing of wheat obtained by producing wheat germ oil by cold pressing, used as a feed additive for farm animals, is called "Germivit" by manufacturers.

“Germivit” is a flour from non-fat wheat germ obtained by the original technology by complex mechanical processing of wheat germ flakes in the production of edible oil from wheat germ by cold pressing. “Germivit” - according to laboratory tests, it contains at least 25% crude protein; moisture no more than 15%, essential amino acids (histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine), crude fat 5-8%. Fats are free fatty acids with a high content of essential phospholipids. The composition of “Hermivit” includes 21 macro- and microelements, vitamins A, E, D, PP, group B. All biologically active substances are in easily digestible form. "Germivit" - contains dietary fiber, which determines its sorption properties. "Germivit" - is a yellowish flour with a specific odor, with a fineness of 0.1-0.2 mm. Experimental batches of additives are produced packaged in 5-15 kg in paper 4-5-layer or fabric bags. Store flour in a dry place at room temperature. Storage of the additive in high humidity is not allowed. The recommended period of use from the date of release is 6 months.

The pharmacological actions of Hermivit are determined by the content of natural tocopherols, carotenes, ascorbic acid, selenium and polyunsaturated Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, which has an antioxidant, immunomodulating, adaptogenic effect. It is established that when applied inside a feed additive, top dressing has a growth-promoting effect and helps to improve the reproductive function of animals, which is an unobvious effect from the use of the proposed feed additive and the method of its use in pig breeding.

There are no contraindications to the use of "Hermivit" in animal husbandry.

A study of the composition, doses, administration schedule and the effectiveness of the proposed feed additive and the method of its use in pig breeding was carried out in laboratories and departments of the faculty of veterinary medicine of the Ural State Agricultural Academy of Yekaterinburg.

After conducting laboratory experiments with animals and testing the application methodology, production experiments at agricultural enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region were presented. The experiments used the feed additive (flour) "Germivit" manufactured by ZAO "Pink Lotus".

Quality indicators of the feed additive "Germivit":

Moisture - 6.67%; crude protein - 34.94%; crude fat - 6.61%; crude fiber - 1.44%; crude ash - 5.01%.

Example 1. The experience was conducted in the subsidiary farm of OJSC "Uralhimmash", Yekaterinburg. For the experiment, on the principle of approximate analogues, 2 groups of sows of 6 animals were selected. Sows of the experimental group 45 days before the proposed farrow in addition to the main diet were fed the proposed feed additive "Germivit" at a dose of 200 g per head. Sows of the control group received an economic diet. 30 days after the start of the experiment, blood was taken from 5 animals of the control group and the experimental group for immunological analysis. The results are presented in table 1.

Table 1 The indicators of the blood composition of animals in the production experiment Group Erythrocytes ppm Hemoglobin g% White blood cells thousand / μl Lymphocytes thousand / μl T-lymphocyte. % T-lymphocyte. thousand / μl B-lymphocyte. % B-lymphocyte. thousand / μl T / B Index Phagocytic activity% Phagocyte index U.E Bactericidal activity% Lysozymene activity% Experience 5.73 8.66 11.58 7.08 38,0 2.69 27.33 1.94 1.39 40,0 7.53 58.55 9.72 The control 5.33 8.36 11.66 6.58 36.33 2,58 30.66 2.00 1.28 40,0 8.02 55.08 8.57 Difference +0.4 + 3 -0.08 +0.5 +1.67 +0.11 -3.33 -0.06 +0.11 0 -0.5 +3.47 +1.15

Studies have shown that the feed additive "Germivit" used according to the proposed method has a stimulating effect on hematopoiesis - the content of red blood cells in the blood increases by 7.2%, by 3.6% of hemoglobin. Under the influence of a feed additive, humoral immunity is activated, as evidenced by an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum.

In the process of continuing the experiment during farrowing, the live weight of newborn piglets, the clinical condition of sows, and postpartum complications were taken into account. Piglets were monitored for 30 days. We took into account the safety, incidence of piglets, the average daily gain in live weight. The accounting data are presented in tables 2 and 3.

table 2 Indicators of animals of the control group Taken into account indicators Sows one 2 3 four 5 6 Number of piglets 12 fourteen 10 9 12 10 Live weight at birth (kg) 0.97 1,1 1,52 1,56 0.98 1.13 Live weight in 30 days 4.92 5.38 6.72 6.13 4.87 5.23 Middleweight. gain m (g) 107 112 474 152 99 137 Piglets left 9 9 9 7 10 7 Table 3 The indicators of the animals of the experimental group Taken into account indicators Sows one 2 3 four 5 6 Number of piglets 9 9 10 fourteen 10 9 Live weight at birth (kg) 1.93 1.35 1.34 1.16 1.48 1.88 Live weight in 30 days 6.21 5.85 6.12 7.24 6.13 6.95 Middleweight. gain m (g) 143 152 159 187 213 206 Piglets left 9 8 9 12 10 9

It was found that the average live weight of newborn piglets in the group of sows treated with "Germivit" (Table 3) was 1.52 kg, which is 25.6% more than in the control - 1.21 kg (Table 2).

Clinical examination of 2 sows of the control group revealed postpartum endometritis, all sows of the experimental group were clinically healthy. The newborn piglets of the experimental group were more even, the difference in live weight did not exceed 110 g, while in the control the difference in weight of the newborn piglets in the nest was more than 200 g.

After 30 days, the average live weight of piglets in the control group was 5.65 kg, experimental - 6.58 kg, which is 16.4% more. Acute gastroenteritis was recorded in piglets of the control group. Preservation made up 76%. Piglets obtained from sows of the experimental group suffered from mild gastrointestinal diseases, the safety was 85%, and 9% more control. Thus, studies in the production experiment showed that feeding the Germivit feed additive according to the proposed scheme to pregnant sows has a positive effect on the indices of natural resistance and contributes to the birth of a larger viable young growth, which proves the high efficiency of the proposed feed additive and the promising way of its use.

Example 2. The following production experience was conducted in the subsidiary farm of the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant. For the experiment, on the principle of approximate analogues, 3 groups of sows of 11 animals were selected. The sows of the first experimental group 45 days before the expected farrowing, in addition to the main diet, were fed the feed additive "Germivit" at a dose of 100 g per head; sows of the second experimental group were fed “Germivit” 200 g per head, sows of the control group received an economic ration. Pigs received the main diet - granular feed prepared at the Bogdanovo feed mill according to the standard formulation KK58 ^* 3205.00-604 EG.

During farrowing, the live weight of newborn piglets, the clinical condition of sows, and postpartum complications were taken into account. Piglets were monitored for 30 days. We took into account the safety, incidence of piglets, the average daily gain in live weight. The research results are presented in table 4-6.

Table 4 Indicators of animals of the control group Taken into account indicators Sows Number of piglets Live weight at birth (kg) Live weight after 30 days (kg) Middleweight. gain (g) one eleven 0.88 4,52 130 2 8 0.96 4.88 130 3 9 1,02 5.54 151 four 10 0.85 4.96 137 5 7 1.14 6.22 170 6 6 1,08 5.75 156 7 8 0.73 4.43 124 8 7 0.92 4.95 135 9 eleven 0.74 4.30 119 10 10 0.82 4.90 136 eleven 9 0.85 4.68 128 Average data 8.73 0.91 5.02 137.82

Table 5 Indicators of animals of the first experimental group ("Germivit" 100 g per head) Taken into account indicators Sows Number of piglets Live weight at birth (kg) Live weight after 30 days (kg) Middleweight. gain (g) one 10 1,03 5.52 150 2 eleven 0.98 5.24 142 3 8 1.22 6.21 167 four 12 0.91 4.98 136 5 10 1,11 6.34 175 6 7 1.45 6.18 158 7 6 1.26 5.10 128 8 8 0.98 5.17 140 9 8 1.23 5.50 143 10 10 0.94 4.95 134 eleven 7 1.15 5.20 135 Average data 8.82 1.12 5.49 146.2

Clinical examination of 3 sows of the control group revealed postpartum endometritis, 2 - agalactia, while all sows of the experimental groups were clinically healthy.

The average live weight of piglets at birth was 0.91 kg in the control group, 1.12 kg (+ 18.7%) in the first experimental group, and 1.22 kg (+ 25.4%) in the second experimental group. Newborn piglets in the experimental groups were more even, the difference in live weight did not exceed 100 g, while in the control group the difference in weight

Table 6 Indicators of animals of the second experimental group ("Hermivit" 200 g per head) Taken into account indicators Sows Number of piglets Live weight at birth (kg) Live weight after 30 days (kg) Middleweight. gain (g) one 8 1.28 5.61 145 2 12 0.94 5.10 139 3 9 1.26 6.15 163 four eleven 0.98 555 153 5 9 1.00 5.42 148 6 9 0.98 6.45 171 7 7 1.40 6.53 171 8 8 0.98 5.73 159 9 6 1.46 6.15 157 10 eleven 1.20 5.10 130 eleven 6 1.38 6.20 161 Average data 8.73 1.22 5.82 154.2

newborn piglets in the nest ranged from 150 to 230 g, there were cases of hypotrophy piglets with a live weight of 0.62 kg.

After 30 days, the average live weight of piglets in the control group was 5.02 kg, the first experimental - 5.49 kg, which is 8.6% more than the control, the second experimental - 5.82 kg, which is 13.8% higher than the control. Acute gastroenteritis was recorded in piglets of the control group. Safety was 83.5%. Piglets obtained from sows of the experimental groups, were ill with gastrointestinal diseases in a mild form, the safety in the groups was 93.8%.

Thus, the studies presented in the experiment showed that feeding the Germivit feed additive to pregnant sows at doses of 100-200 g per day, administered 45 days before farrowing, has a positive effect on the reproductive function of animals, promotes the birth of larger, more viable young animals and increases growth energy of suckling piglets.

Example 3. The experience of studying the influence of the feed additive "Germivit" - (flour from fat-free wheat germ) was carried out on piglets - pines and weaners. 4 groups of animals were formed. Piglets of the first experimental group “Germivit” began to be fed from the 7th day of life together with giving granular feed to weaning at a dose of 5 g per head. The duration of the experiment left 53 days. In the control and experimental groups were 14 piglets - table 7. The second experimental group was formed from piglets of 60 days of age. "Germivit" was fed in addition to the main diet at a dose of 10 g per head. The control group of animals received the main diet. There were 9 piglets in the groups. The duration of the experiment was 60 days - table 8. All groups took into account the increase in live weight, clinical condition, and the safety of piglets. Piglets of the first experimental and control groups 53 days after the start of the experiment, blood was taken for hematological and immunological analysis. The results of blood tests are presented in table.8.

The studies of table 7; 8 showed that feeding “Germivit” to piglets together with the introduction of feed, starting from day 7, contributes to the willingness of eating the main feed and faster adaptation of young animals to new feeds.

At the time of weaning, the live weight in piglets treated with Germivit was 11.2% more than in the control. The hematological and immunological analysis (Table 8) indicates the activation of hematopoiesis and indicators of natural resistance in animals of the experimental groups, which helps to increase the safety of young animals to increase weight gain.

The introduction of "Hermivit" in the diet of weaners at a dose of 10 g per head also increases the growth energy of animals. 60 days after the start of the experiment, the live weight of the piglets of the experimental groups was higher than that of the control by 10.8% (Table 9).

Numerous studies have made it possible to recommend the use of the proposed method by introducing the “Germivit” feed additive (flour from non-fat wheat germ with a crude fat content of 5-8%) both in the diet of pregnant and lactating sows and piglets, starting from 7 days of life when raising pigs both on large pig farms, and on farm and personal farms.

Claims (2)

1. The use of flour from fat-free secondary waste from complex deep processing of durum wheat obtained by producing wheat germ oil by cold pressing with a fat content of 5-8% as a feed additive for pregnant and lactating sows and their offspring. 2. The method of feeding pigs, according to which the flour according to claim 1 is introduced from fat-free waste of cold pressing of the oil of wheat germ to pregnant and lactating sows 100-200 g once a day, and pregnant sows are introduced into the diet 45-60 days before farrowing, and suckling sows are appointed before weaning, piglets are introduced into the diet, starting from the 7th day of life, at a dose of 5-10 g per head 1 time per day in conjunction with giving granular feed.