RU2303524C1 - Universal concrete mixer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to the field of constructional manufacturing namely to preparation of mortar and concrete mixtures in building conditions and may be used in individual construction and in all branches of national economy for preparation of various mixers of improved quality.

SUBSTANCE: the universal concrete mixer has a mixing drum of a cylindrical form with an end-face cover freely installed on two pairs of wheels rigidly fastened on a frame and equipped with T-shaped removable blades evenly located in the direction of the end-face side located in circumference with possibility of their fixing with the end-face cover of the mixing drum. The T-shaped drums are installed in the locks fulfilled in the shape of located with a clearance to each other L-shaped pair guides rigidly fastened to the drum. The T-shaped blades (sets of blades) are fulfilled of materials of different rigidity.

EFFECT: achieves multifunctional of the concrete mixer, increases reliability and simplicity in exploitation.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction production, namely, the preparation of mortar and concrete mixtures in building conditions, and can be used in individual construction and in all sectors of the economy for the preparation of various mixtures of improved quality.

There are a large number of concrete mixing plants produced by industry and used in construction, including a rotating drum loaded with raw materials for preparing a concrete-mortar mixture, which, when rotated, ensures their mixing by force or gravity, as, for example, in a device for preparing building mixtures SB-101 [1 ].

The disadvantage of these devices is their low versatility, as they are mainly intended for the preparation of only one type of mixtures, for which this device is designed. The preparation of other types of mixtures in such concrete mixing plants will occur with low efficiency.

A gravity mixer is known, including a (horizontally rotating) mixing drum mounted on a base, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a frame with wheels mounted on it, the drum is cylindrical, blades are installed inside, equipped with an end cap for the discharge opening and is freely located on wheels [2].

This device has the same disadvantages as its counterparts in [1]. In addition, it has a design complexity and its use is not advisable on small construction sites, for example, for suburban construction.

A device for mixing building materials, containing a cylindrical horizontal body (open top) with a shaft, a stirrer with a screw and blade holders with overlays attached to the blades using bolted joints [3].

This device has the best properties for the preparation of building mixtures, but has the complexity of the design and its low reliability. The bolted (threaded) joints located in the concrete and building mix quickly fail and are virtually impossible to disassemble. The device has low versatility, as it is intended mainly for the preparation of mortar mortars. Using it as a concrete mixer will lead to a quick failure of overhead blades.

A device for creating suspensions (finely dispersed media) by mixing the blades of the media in a cylindrical body open at the top, and the blades are made of elastic material (eg, rubber) [4].

The use of elastic material for the preparation of suspensions (finely dispersed media) allows achieving a good result. However, the known device is applicable for the preparation of suspensions, and its use for the preparation of building mixtures is of little use because of their higher viscosity.

The prototype of the claimed device is a "Concrete mixer", comprising a cylindrical mixing drum with an end cap, freely mounted on two pairs of wheels fixed rigidly on the frame and equipped with blades evenly spaced around the circumference from the inside [5].

The prototype has disadvantages associated with the design of the blades, providing a gravitational process of mixing the components to obtain a mixture. The blades are made in the form of metal plates rigidly fixed to the inner surface of the drum. Based on the conditions for observing the technology for preparing building mixtures, this device is intended for high-quality mixing of mixtures with coarse aggregate, that is, only for light and heavy concrete. This is due to the fact that the gravitational method of concrete preparation provides for the direct participation of coarse aggregate in the process of mixing and additional grinding of dispersed particles of fine aggregate and binder. The prototype device will work well as a concrete mixer, and for the preparation of other building mixtures, its use will occur with low efficiency. Since coarse aggregate is not included in the composition of mortars, and the homogeneity of the prepared mortar must be high, this construction of a concrete mixer cannot be used for the preparation of mortars.

The disadvantages of analogues and prototype set the task of increasing the multifunctionality (versatility) of the concrete mixer for the preparation of a wide variety of mixtures (both construction mixtures for various purposes and viscosity, and concrete mixtures with different aggregates). In addition, the device should be simple and reliable in operation, when it is used in individual construction (in garden and summer cottages, in small construction organizations, etc.).

The indicated tasks of increasing the multifunctionality and reliability of the prototype device are solved in a universal concrete mixer, represented by a combination of features: “A universal concrete mixer containing a cylindrical mixing drum with an end cap, freely mounted on two pairs of wheels fixed rigidly on the frame, and equipped with uniformly located inside circumference the blades, and these blades are made T-shaped, removable in the end side with the possibility of fixing the end the cover of the mixing drum and are installed in locks made in the form of L-shaped pair of guides arranged with a gap to each other, rigidly attached to the drum, and the blades themselves (sets of blades) for different mixed building mixtures are made of materials of different stiffness. ”

The equipment of the mixing drum from the inside with evenly spaced locks and removable blades installed in them is necessary for imparting multifunctionality to the device (as far as possible preparation of both building mixtures and concrete mixtures).

The implementation of the blades removable in the front side, with the possibility of fixing them with the cover of the mixing drum, is necessary to increase the ease of use (work) and the speed (including reliability) of replacing the blades (sets of blades).

The execution of locks in the form of L-shaped pair of guides arranged with a gap to each other, rigidly attached to the drum, and the blades: T-shaped, is necessary to ensure quick and reliable removable fastening of various blades in the mixing drum.

The implementation of T-shaped removable blades (sets of blades) of materials of different stiffness is necessary to ensure the optimal mixing mode of construction and concrete mixtures of different composition.

Removable sets of blades can be made of hard metal; from flexible metal plates; from elastic plastics, from rubber, etc. For different mixed materials, T-shaped blades are made of materials of different stiffness and with different geometric dimensions (characteristics).

All this allows you to make mixtures of mortar mixtures for various purposes, while in addition to gravitational mixing of the mixture is carried out vibration exposure of the elastic blades on the mixed components. It was experimentally established that by changing the thickness and width of the applied elastic blades, their rigidity can be controlled, thereby varying the characteristics of the resulting mixture (stiffness, mobility, uniformity, etc.).

In the proposed universal concrete mixer, it is possible to expand its scope by mechanizing the production process of both concrete and mortar for individual or intra-building mixtures in one unit - a mixing drum, which is rotated by a manual drive. The device has a simplicity of design, manufacturability. It has a large scope in cases where it is necessary to prepare the mixture in small quantities manually with minimal labor (for example, in individual construction).

Figure 1 presents a view of a universal concrete mixer from the end of the mixing drum in a section with uniformly located inside locks and removable blades mounted in them.

In Fig.2 - callout I from Fig.1: an enlarged fragment of the drum in a section with one lock located inside and a removable blade installed in it.

Figure 3 is a front view of a universal concrete mixer.

Figure 4 is an exemplary embodiment of removable blades for the preparation of various building mixtures.

The universal concrete mixer contains a fixed frame 1, on which two pairs of wheels 2 are rigidly mounted for free placement of the mixing drum 3. In the transport position, the frame 1 is turned over, and the wheel pairs 2 serve as wheels for transporting the frame 1 with the mixing drum 3. The mixing drum 3 is located on top of two pairs of wheels 2 and inside has blades 4, used to mix various building mixtures. The mixing drum 3 has locks 5 evenly spaced around the entire length of the cylindrical wall for installing removable blades 4. The locks 5 are made in the form of pair-shaped guides arranged with a gap to each other (in cross section), rigidly attached to the drum 1, and the blades 4 are made T-shaped. T-shaped (in cross section) removable blades 4 (sets of blades) for different mixed materials are made of materials of different stiffness. From the end, the mixing drum 3 contains a cover 6 (tightly closing the mixing drum 3), equipped with a handle 7 for rotating the drum 3. The fastening units of the cover 6 to the mixing drum 3 and the elements of the cover 6 (loading hatch, etc.) are not shown on graphic materials .

A universal concrete mixer works as follows: depending on the type of mixture being prepared (concrete, mortar or otherwise), T-shaped blades 4 of the required configuration and stiffness are inserted (fixed) into the L-shaped locks 5 of the mixing drum 3, after which the drum 3 through the removed cover 6 (or through the feed opening) fill the mixture components in a known manner. Next, close the mixing drum 3 with a cover 6 (or close the loading hole) and begin the process of mixing the mixture by rotating the handle 7. Since the mixing drum 3 is freely located on the wheelsets 2, the rotation of the drum does not require much effort, since the rotation is provided due to the adhesion forces , the friction force in this case is minimized. Due to the fact that the center of gravity of the mixing drum 3 is lower than the adhesion point of the wheels 2 and the drum 3 itself, stability of the mixing drum 3 is ensured at the moment of its rotation. The blades 4 carry out gravitational mixing of the mixture. Unloading of the finished mixture is carried out by tipping (tilting) the drum 3 down with the open cover 6 (or loading hole).

If it is necessary to prepare cement-sand mortar mixtures, ready packaged dry building mixtures, they are loaded into a mixing drum (with elastic blades pre-installed in it), filled with a dosed amount of water or another filling agent, closed, then the drum is placed on wheelsets and mixing is started by turning the crank. The finished mixture is unloaded through the end, removing the lid or opening a special hole. If it is necessary to prepare concrete mixtures, instead of elastic blades, rigid metal blades are inserted into the mixing drum and the process is repeated in the same manner.

The implementation of a universal concrete mixer in combination with the features of the claims is new to the well-known multifunctional, simple and reliable concrete mixers and, therefore, meets the criterion of "novelty."

The set of features of the claims is not known at this level of technology and does not follow from well-known concrete mixers, which proves compliance with the criterion of "inventive step".

The implementation of the proposed universal concrete mixer can be carried out by known and applied methods, technologies and equipment. Thus, the constructive implementation of the inventive device with the specified set of features of the claims does not represent any structural, technical and technological difficulties, which implies compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The production of such devices (universal concrete mixers and their units) does not require large material costs, sophisticated technological equipment and can be adjusted both in the factory and in small workshops. The device is reliable, technologically advanced and can be widely used in individual construction and for small construction (and finishing) firms.

Information sources

1. Tretyakov A.K. M .: Higher school. 1979, p. 19.

2. AS of the USSR No. 1766684, cl. B28C 5/20, 10/07/1992, Bull. Number 37.

3. DE 1459258 A, cl. B28C 5/10, 08.17.1972, 4 pp.

4. DE 2118997 A1, CL B01F 7/18, 11/20/1980, 10 s.

5. RF patent No. 2130381, cl. B28C 5/46, B28B 17/02, 05.20.99, Bull. No. 14 - prototype.

Claims (2)

1. Universal concrete mixer, comprising a cylindrical mixing drum with an end cap, freely mounted on two pairs of wheels fixed rigidly on the frame, and equipped with blades evenly spaced around the circumference from the inside, characterized in that these blades are made T-shaped, removable in the front side with the possibility of fixing them with the end cover of the mixing drum and installed in locks made in the form of L-shaped pair of guides arranged with a gap to each other, rigidly attached replicated to the drum. 2. The universal concrete mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that said blades (sets of blades) for different mixed building mixtures are made of materials of different stiffness.

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