RU2398107C2 - Mechanised face complex with mineral production in large blocks and delivery by escalators - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, in particular mechanised face complexes for underground development of mineral deposited in sloping beds. Mechanised face complex for production of mineral deposited in sloping beds, its development in large blocks and delivery of these blocks by escalators, includes sections of powered support, hydraulic cutting cleaning machine with rolls, providing for its motion, to cut the mineral from bottomhole massif in large blocks with the possibility to cut transverse slots while hydraulic cutting machine is immovable, and to cut back vertical slot by means of continuous motion of hydraulic cutting machine with actuators and hydraulic cutting heads joined via metal tubes, on which they are rigidly fixed, with water supply manifold, outgoing from multipliers that impart ultrahigh pressure to water, hydraulic booster installed with the possibility of its continuous feeding with water and emulsion by means of continuously joined hoses of hydraulic cutting machine to water supply and emulsion manifolds, layer of manifolds for provision of possibility to re-arrange specified manifolds as hydraulic cutting machine moves and changes its direction of movement in process of idle run. Hydraulic cutting machine is arranged with the possibility to cut longitudinal slots parallel to plane of bed, simultaneously to cutting of back vertical slot with application of special hydraulic cutting untis, hydraulic booster is arranged with the possibility to feed water of ultrahigh pressure at actuators providing for cutting of back vertical and longitudinal slots as hydraulic cutting machine moves, and while hydraulic cutting machine is immovable - with the possibility to feed all water to actuators providing for transverse hydraulic cutting, besides lengths of all sections along length of long face of continuous cutting of transverse slots at one side and back vertical and longitudinal slots at the other side are identical. At the same time complex is equipped with suspended platform joined at goaf side of the second escalator to move long face of hydraulic cutting machine along it by means of electric drive connected to driving sprocket engages with track chain arranged in cute also laid in suspension platform, and body of track chain holds all communications providing for operation of hydraulic booster: emulsion discharge and drain manifolds, water manifold and electric cable.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of cleaning face, provision of high safety level, reduced release of gas and dust into atmosphere of long face.

4 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining in the field of underground mining, occurring in shallow beds.

Known treatment mechanized complexes for the development of flat formations using combines or plows. These are the complexes KM-138, KM-142, KM-143, KM-144, etc. (1). The equipment includes hydraulic powered supports, scraper conveyors, combines or plows. For the operation of mechanized supports, the hydraulic energy of the emulsion is used, which is generated by pumping stations located on the transport excavation adjacent to the lava.

The closest is the "treatment complex of Professor Kariman" (see RF patent No. 2323339, C2, E21C, registered on April 27, 2008). Mining is carried out by cutting it from the bottomhole massif in large blocks with cutting units and hydraulic cutting machines. In the process of cutting, metal pallets are introduced into the lower and middle slots, with the help of which fossil blocks are removed from the array, loaded onto delivery vehicles, transported and reloaded underground and on the surface. After excavation from the array before loading onto the blocks of the fossil, the sheath and cable accessories are first put on to ensure the integrity of the blocks and the convenience of transshipment operations.

The cut blocks are loaded onto delivery platforms using hydraulic hoists or special hydraulic lifts installed under each section of the lining. Moving the loaded platforms to the transport workings is carried out along the delivery tracks along metal guides with the help of mine cargo winches located in the berm near the transport workings.

This constructive development has many major advantages, therefore it is very progressive, allows to achieve particularly high technical and economic indicators, provides a high level of safety in terms of gas factor and ecology, however, at present it is almost impossible to put into production. The fact is that in connection with the complete privatization of the mining industry in Russia, the cost item for the creation of new equipment was excluded from the state budget. Therefore, the creation of any new product of treatment equipment is possible by financing the work of private mining companies. However, as practice shows, even very large private companies take part in financing the creation of only individual samples of gas-and-oil alloys, and only in terms of their modernization and improvement, but not in the creation of completely new products. To introduce new technology into the production, which is adopted as a prototype, it is necessary to develop and manufacture and launch into production seven completely new types of treatment equipment and two products to substantially modernize. It:

1) special bottom-hole hydraulic mechanized lining, providing the opportunity

- moving through it to the worked out space for laying large blocks of fossil;

- moving inside the lining sections of the fossil blocks for loading on delivery platforms;

- Cordless movement of 3 lines of metal guides for the movement of delivery platforms and hydraulic unit;

- placement of hydraulic hoists inside the lining sections for loading fossil blocks on delivery platforms;

2) a special delivery platform with a lifting capacity of up to 100 tons, stably moving with a load of 6 blocks of fossil weighing up to 17 tons each on an inclined surface of the lava soil with an inclination angle of up to 18 degrees with a speed of 1 m / s;

3) a cutting unit based on 3 cutting machines of the “Ural - 33” type for cutting longitudinal slots at the formation soil, at the formation roof and in the middle of its thickness to a depth of 2.2 m along the entire length of the lava; at the same time, the cutting unit with a height of up to 6 m must stably move at a speed of 2.8 m / min along the inclined surface of the lava soil with an angle of inclination of up to 18 degrees;

4) a hydraulically lowering unit for extracting fossil blocks from the upper layer and lowering down when loading onto delivery platforms;

5) hydraulic booster of a hydraulic cutting machine for generating ultrahigh pressure water and supplying it to executive tools;

6) a hydraulic hoist for moving fossil blocks up to 9 m in weight up to 17 tons and loading them onto delivery platforms;

7) an escalator installed on a delivery platform for unloading them from blocks to transport output;

8) the front-acting hydraulic cylinder for moving the lining sections and the transverse moving hydraulic cylinder of the 1st and 2nd line hydraulic struts.

In light of the foregoing, due to the lack of centralized funding for R&D to create new treatment equipment, Karimanu S.A. it is not possible to create a treatment plant adopted as a prototype. It is necessary to carry out a new constructive development, which ensures the extraction of fossil from hollow beds of fossil with its excavation and transportation in large blocks, which would be based on the use of existing serial treatment equipment with minimal re-equipment. The use of a new product is possible only if it was previously well tested and all the working documentation is available for its manufacture. These are very difficult restrictions, but their implementation. It is absolutely necessary for the introduction of new technologies in the modern mining industry.

The purpose of the invention is similar to the purpose of the prototype and is to create a technology that provides a significant increase in the productivity of the working face compared with the average productivity of combine and plow complex-mechanized working faces, ensuring a high level of safety of treatment operations, including gas factors, eliminating dusty atmosphere of lava dust formed during the extraction of fossils, the elimination of heavy non-mechanized labor, ensuring high technical and economic indicators her production when working stope in difficult mining conditions. The goal should be achieved without creating new types of treatment equipment, but only by using the existing equipment in a new way, or by re-equipping a small number of it with new parts. At the same time, the old concept, as in the prototype technology, should remain at the heart of the new mining technology: cutting out the fossil in large blocks using thin hydroabrasive jets of ultrahigh pressure water, transporting the fossil along the lava and transporting the workings adjacent to the lava with large blocks as well.

Keeping this concept as fundamental in the development of a new technology provides the potential for achieving this goal, since in this case, qualitatively new technical capabilities are preserved due to, on the one hand, maximizing the benefits of cutting fossil with ultra-high pressure waterjet jets compared to cutting a fossil metal array cutters mounted on the screws of the combine, on the other hand, due to minimal destruction aemogo during its extraction units.

Thus, the objective of the invention is to achieve the same goal as in the prototype, but at the expense of other technological solutions that provide the possibility of introducing new technology into production with existing realities in the mining industry.

For the first time, the new treatment plant proposes the production of blasting of the lower part of the reservoir with a plow with the movement of two paired delivery escalators into the blasting cavity, which then delivers the cut blocks of the fossil to the transport mine.

The new treatment facility does not create a new mechanized roof support, as is done in the prototype, and for the lava fastening, the existing serial mechanized roof support is used, which has a sufficient drainage space near the face.

The new treatment plant does not use a cutting unit and two hydraulic cutting machines for cutting slits, since cutting all types of slots is provided by one hydraulic cutting machine (abbreviated THROM), for which it is equipped with two actuating tools with multi-jet waterjet cutting units.

In the new treatment plant, for the first time in the world, escalators are used to deliver the extracted minerals through the lava, which are created on the basis of existing serial scraper conveyors by replacing the scrapers with load-bearing plates moving on rollers along the bottom of the pan using conveyor traction chains.

For the first time, the new treatment facility uses a new method of loading the mined mineral onto a delivery vehicle by dumping, under the influence of its own weight, the cut-out blocks from the lower layer to the two racks of previously moved escalators located below them. It is also for the first time proposed to lower the blocks of the fossil top layer when loading onto escalators using a movable ramp moving on skating rinks along escalator racks.

New types of equipment are also offered:

- a hydraulic cutting machine consisting of a hydraulic booster and two executive tools for multi-jet waterjet cutting with ultra-high pressure water jets: the first for cutting several transverse slits at the same time, the second for simultaneously cutting a longitudinal slit in the plane of the reservoir and a rear vertical slit; at the same time, the tool for cutting each gap has several cutting units, each of which has a waterjet cutting head with a water displacement chamber with an abrasive and two tubes: one for supplying ultrahigh pressure water from the water supply line, and the other for feeding the abrasive from the abrasive supply line ;

- an escalator for transporting fossil blocks, created on the basis of existing serial scraper conveyors by replacing the scrapers with load-bearing plates moving on rollers along the bottom of the pan with traction chains using the drums, electric drives and control systems existing in the scraper conveyors.

This provides many benefits, the main of which are the following:

- when developing high methane-bearing coal seams, safe conditions are created at the treatment works, because the possibility of methane explosions is excluded due to a sharp reduction in methane emissions in the working face and at adjacent workings, since coal does not collapse; at the same time, the residual methane content of coal blocks leaving the limits of the fresh stream reaches 70%;

- the dust content of the mine face atmosphere is sharply reduced, since the source of dust generation is eliminated - the work of the auger screws to destroy the fossil array, an environmentally friendly production is being created;

- energy consumption for the extraction of minerals is reduced many times, since when cutting minerals in large blocks, the amount of destructible minerals along cutting lines decreases more than 10 times;

- technical and economic indicators of production are repeatedly improved: the productivity of the face, the labor productivity of the worker for the face, the cost of treatment, and others; So, when developing a shallow coal seam with a capacity of 3.2 m, the estimated load on the working face is 20 thousand tons per day, with a thickness of 6 m - 28.6 thousand tons per day; in current working faces, even record load levels are now 1.5–2 times less and average values are 4–5 times less;

- The new treatment plant can be used not only at newly built underground mining enterprises, but also at existing plants using existing treatment equipment.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, each of which shows the following:

Figure 1 - hydraulic cutting cleaning machine “THROM - 1"; cutting through transverse vertical slots; profile view: 1 - jet torch; 2 - slotted plane of the transverse slit; 3 - not cut slot plane; 4 - hydroabrasive cutting head; 5 - tube for supplying water ultrahigh pressure (SVD); 6 - tube feed abrasive to the cutting head; 7 - flexible sleeve for supplying water SVD; 8 - power steering; 9 - a plow; 10 - escalators; 11 - track circuit with commutations for a hydraulic cutting cleaning machine; 12 - drive sprocket for moving the working platform with hydraulic booster; 13 - panel location Executive tool transverse cutting; 14 - horizontal directional guides of the panel; 15 - vertical movement guides of the panel.

Figure 2 - cutting of the transverse slots with a hydroabrasive cutting executive tool for transverse cutting; plan view: 2 - transverse cracks in the bottomhole massif of the fossil; 4 - hydroabrasive cutting heads; 5 - tubes for supplying water ultrahigh pressure (SVD); 6 - tube feed abrasive; 13 - panel location Executive tool transverse cutting; 16 - main pipes for water supply SVD; 17 - the main hoses for the supply of abrasive; 18 - mechanized lifts (left and right) for vertical movement of the panel with the transverse cutting executive tool: 19 - SVD water supply switching device for the transverse cutting executive tool when the hydraulic cutting cleaning machine is stopped; 20 - valve intake abrasive from the feed hopper.

Figure 3 - cutting blocks of fossil from the 2nd layer of the bottom hole array; profile view; work of the hydraulic cutting unit for cutting the longitudinal slit in the 2nd layer: 4 - waterjet cutting head; 5 - tube water supply SVD; 6 - pipe feed abrasive; 15 - guides; 21 - a longitudinal slot in the 2nd layer; 22 - rear vertical slit of the 2nd layer; 23 - fossil block cut from the 2nd layer; 24 - mobile ramp; 25 - plow; 26 - escalators; 27 - mechanized support.

Figure 4 - Executive tool longitudinal and rear slotted hydraulic cutting; section along aa in figure 3: 28 - hydraulic cutting unit for external cutting of a longitudinal slit; 29 - hydraulic cutting unit internal cutting of a longitudinal slit; 30 - hydraulic cutting unit for external cutting of the back slit; 31 - hydraulic cutting unit internal cutting of the back slit; 32 - water supply line SVD tool for longitudinal and rear slot cutting; 33 - line feed abrasive; 34 - a platform for placing a tool for longitudinal and rear slot cutting.

Figure 5 - cutting of the rear vertical slit; hydraulic cutting units of back slit cutting; section along BB in figure 3: 4 - abrasive hydraulic cutting heads; 5 - SVD water supply tubes; 6 - abrasive feed hoses.

6 - cutting and excavation of blocks of fossil from the bottom hole array of the 2nd layer with a hydraulic cutting treatment machine “GROM-1”; front view: 4 - hydroabrasive cutting heads of transverse hydraulic cutting; 8 - power steering; 13 - panel location Executive tool transverse cutting; 15 - vertical guides of the transverse hydraulic cutting tool; 23 - cut blocks of fossil; 24 - a mobile ramp for lowering the blocks of the fossil of the 2nd layer; 34 - a platform for placing a tool for longitudinal and rear slot cutting; 35 - Executive hydraulic cutting tool for longitudinal and rear slot cutting; 36 - executive tool transverse hydraulic cutting; 37 - vertical guides of the tool for longitudinal and rear hydraulic cutting; 38 - a mobile working platform for placing the hydraulic booster and executive tools; 39 - the working surface of the hinged platform for a mobile hydraulic cutting cleaning machine.

Fig.7 - the delivery of fossil blocks by a system of paired escalators along the face to the transport excavation; profile view: 23 - delivered fossil blocks; 40 - pans; 41 - load-bearing plates; 42 - traction chains; 43 - videos; 44 - supporting channels.

Fig - the location and movement of the plates in the working and idle branches of escalators; on aa in the drawing of Fig. 7: 40 - pan; 41 - load-bearing plates; 46 - bottom of the pan; 47 - axis.

Fig.9 - the design and location of the rollers in the cargo and idle branches of the escalator; a section along BB in the drawing of FIG. 7: 40 — a pan; 43 - videos; 46 - bottom of the pan; 47 - axis.

Figure 10 - transportation of fossil blocks by paired escalators on transport mine workings; profile and plan view: 23 - fossil block; 40 - pan; 41 - load-bearing plates; 42 - traction chains; 43 - videos; 44 - supporting channels; 45 - guard walls; 46 - bottom of the pan; 47 - axis.

The face equipment includes:

- mechanized hydraulic support for serial production;

- plow installation of serial production;

- two delivery escalators, converted from mass production scraper conveyors, by replacing the scrapers with load-bearing plates moving on rollers along the bottom of the pan using traction chains;

- a hydraulic cutting machine created on the basis of a previously tested hydraulic cutting machine manufactured by NPP Ugol under the direction of Professor Kariman S.A. Thus, to create this treatment complex there are no obstacles that currently turn out to be insurmountable for the complex adopted as a prototype in this invention.

The mining technology considered in this invention is a complex-mechanized, wide-spread and cyclical. The technological cycle of mining of minerals consists of two stages: plow cutting of the bed from the bottom and then cutting blocks of fossil from it with a hydraulic cutting treatment machine when the plow is stopped.

Plow undercut

The plowing of the formation is carried out with the aim of deepening the staves of both escalators under the array of fossil taken out for the cycle. The depth of penetration is equal to the width of two escalators. This makes it possible to simplify loading of cut fossil blocks onto delivery escalators. The extraction of fossil from the cavity in the lower part of the reservoir is carried out by the work of a plow moving along the created cavity using a plow pull chain located on the bottom face of the escalator. The chain extends along the face and when it moves the plows removes the fossil shavings. Constant pressing of the plow to the bottom is carried out by the hydraulic cylinders of the movement of the lining sections. Loading on the escalator of the fossil mined at the same time is carried out by the plow itself in the process of moving the escalators. On an escalator, the submerged fossil in placers falls onto load-bearing plates, which, moving on rollers with a traction chain, deliver the alluvial fossil to the transport mine.

Fossil Block Cutting

The fossil blocks are cut after the complete escalation of both escalators into the chopped bottom hole. Cutting blocks includes operations: cutting transverse slots from bottom to top at the entire thickness of the formation and, after deepening into the cut holes of hydraulic cutting units, a reverse movement is performed from top to bottom, cutting a longitudinal slot parallel to the plane of the formation, cutting through the back vertical gap, and delivering blocks of fossil to the mine workings by escalators.

The cutting of the blocks begins with the cutting of the transverse slots, which is always done when the hydraulic cutting machine is stopped (see figures 1 and 2). Several transverse slots are cut at the same time. Figure 2 shows the simultaneous cutting of 4 transverse slots. The distance between the cut through transverse cracks is equal to the size of the block along the length of the lava. This size cannot exceed the width of two transport escalators installed on the transport development of the mining section. Since the width of the pan of escalators that are equipped with scraper conveyors is 0.7 m, the size of the blocks along the length of the lava is 1.4 m. Then the size of the section along the length of the lava, on which simultaneous cutting of the transverse cracks is equal to 1.4 m × 4 = 5.6 m. Since the delivery of blocks along the lava is also carried out by two paired escalator units, the size of the blocks of the mineral in the direction of movement of the lava is also 0.7 m × 2 = 1.4 m.The height of the extracted blocks of the mineral depends on the thickness of the formation. According to the condition of stability of the block during its delivery along the lava, the block height cannot exceed twice its size in cross section, i.e. 2.8 m. Therefore, when the thickness of the formation is up to 3.2 m, taking into account the size of the subsurface formation at a height of 0.4 m, the development of the fossil layer is taken in one layer and the height of the blocks is taken to be equal to the thickness of the formation, reduced by 0.4 m. formation over 3.2 m, the development of the reservoir is taken in two layers of the same height. So, with a thickness of the formation of 6 m, the thickness of the layers being developed and, therefore, the height of the blocks of the fossil will be equal to

The cutting of the transverse slots is carried out immediately for the entire thickness of the formation. Since the depth of effective cutting of the transverse cracks in one pass cannot provide the required depth of 1.4 m, the cutting of the transverse cracks is carried out in two stages: first, cutting the hydraulic cutting units from the bottom up, cutting to a depth of at least 0.7 m, then at the cutting height, equal to the thickness of the reservoir, the movement is reversed, while the hydraulic cutting units of the transverse cutting actuating tool are introduced to the entire depth of the slotted slits of 0.7 m and are carried out with the reverse movement from top to bottom slits for another 0.7 m.

Figure 1 shows the moment of completion of cutting the transverse gap in one of the sections. The hydraulic cutting unit, consisting of a waterjet cutting head 4, a metal tube 5 for supplying water, SVD and a tube for supplying abrasive 6, is buried in a previously partially cut slot and moves from top to bottom. This is evidenced by the position of the triangle, which forms the torch of the hydroabrasive jet when cutting the material in the gap: the obtuse angle of the triangle is turned down - in the direction of movement. The drawing shows the recessed position of the plow 9 and two delivery escalators 10 in the cavity under the cut transverse slots of the bottomhole massif of the fossil. A hinged platform is docked to the second escalator from the worked-out space, on which a mobile work platform with hydraulic booster and executive tools located on it moves. Figure 1 shows the position on the working platform of the guides along the vertical 15 of the movement of the Executive tool transverse hydraulic cutting. In this case, the panel 13, on which the transverse hydraulic cutting tool is directly located, can also be moved along the guides 14 in the horizontal direction.

Figure 1 also shows that in order to ensure the supply of SVD water to the cross-cutting tool from the hydraulic booster 8 in connection with the vertical and horizontal movement of the tool, this feed is carried out along the flexible sleeve 7. Similarly, the tool and abrasive are fed from the feed hopper along the flexible hose. . Figure 1 on the right shows the position of the gutter for placing the track chain of the cable layer, in which communications are located to ensure the operation of the hydraulic booster: water supply line, emulsion pressure and drain lines and electric cable. The movement of the hydraulic booster platform is carried out by rotating the drive sprocket 12 when it is engaged with the track chain.

Figure 2 fully presents the device hydraulic cutting Executive tool transverse hydraulic cutting. As can be seen from the drawing, the tool includes:

- four nodes of waterjet cutting of transverse slits, each consisting of a waterjet cutting head 4, water supply pipe SVD 5, suction pipe abrasive 6;

- water supply line SVD 16;

- line suction abrasive 17;

- flexible sleeve 7 of the SVD water supply from the switch 19 to the highway 16;

- a flexible hose for suctioning the abrasive from the valve 20 of the abrasive intake from the feed hopper to the main hose;

- panel location tool transverse cutting 13;

- mechanized lifts 18 (left and right) to move vertically the transverse cutting tool;

- guides 14 for moving the panel horizontally (see figure 1);

- guides 15 for moving the panel vertically (see figure 1).

The cutting of the transverse slits is carried out by the transverse hydraulic cutting tool (see Figs. 1 and 2) by moving the hydraulic cutting heads 4 from the bottom upwards over the entire developed reservoir capacity, and then from top to bottom at the same distance. After turning on the supply of ultra-high pressure water (SVD) to the hydraulic cutting heads by the hydraulic booster operator, the transverse cutting hydraulic cutter operator includes an electric drive for the lifts 18 (see Fig. 2), which provides the lifting of the panel 13 (see Fig. 2). Rising upwards with the help of a lifting chain of mechanized vertical movement along the rails with the drive and bypass sprockets, the panel lifts up the hydraulic cutting units of the transverse cutting. The latter, creating hydroabrasive jets 1 (see figure 1), cut through the transverse slots 2 (see figure 2) in the bottomhole array. After raising the panel to the maximum height of the formation thickness, the drive is reversed, the hydraulic cutting heads are deepened into the slotted holes into the entire slot by moving the panel 13 along horizontal guides, then the panel lowers down by the same distance. At the same time, due to the operation of hydroabrasive jets, the transverse cracks are deepened to the required depth. Thus, the cutting of the transverse slots is carried out in two stages: first from the bottom up with cutting the slots to half the depth, and then from top to bottom with the deepening of the cracks to the second half of the depth. In the process of hydraulic cutting, each of the four cutting units is supplied with a water flow of an SVD hearth with a flow rate of up to 10 l / min and an abrasive is supplied with a flow rate of up to 1 kg / min.

Water jets at the exit of the nozzles inside the cutting heads have a speed of up to 1.8-2 km / s. Passing through the mixing chamber in the cutting head at such a speed, they create a powerful ejection force in the abrasive supply tube, which sucks the abrasive into the mixing chamber. The incoming abrasive acquires a velocity of up to 800 m / s in the chamber displaced from the water jets. The resulting water-abrasive mixture is erupted through tungsten carbide nozzles installed in the nozzles of the cutting heads onto the coal mass, creating deep gaps in it at high speed.

Figure 3 presents the method of cutting blocks of fossil from the 2nd layer of the bottom hole array, as well as the operation of the hydraulic cutting unit for external cutting when cutting the longitudinal slit of the 2nd layer. Cutting blocks of fossil in two layers is used in the development of shallow formations with a capacity of more than 3 meters, so as not to cut blocks of excessively high height due to the inconvenience of their transportation. With a 2-layer recess, the 1st layer is removed during the forward stroke of the hydraulic cutting machine from the transport output upward, and the 2nd layer of blocks is removed during the reverse stroke of the hydraulic cutting machine from top to bottom.

Since the transverse slots are cut at a 2-layer recess immediately to the entire thickness of the formation with a direct stroke, then only the longitudinal gap is cut at the boundary of the formation with the roof and the rear vertical gap is cut in the upper part of the formation. In this regard, the cutting of blocks of the 2nd layer is carried out with continuous movement of the hydraulic cutting machine along the lava with its return to the transport output.

Figure 3 presents the position of the hydraulic cutting unit for external cutting of the longitudinal cutting tool, which fixes the position of the longitudinal slit 21 of the second layer with the guides 15 of vertical movement. Cutting this gap along the entire length of the lava is necessary to separate the fossil from the rock of the roof of the formation. Figure 3 shows the position of the rear vertical slit 22 of the upper layer, the position of the hydraulic cutting heads 4 of the external cutting unit of the longitudinal slit and the position of its SVD 5 water supply tubes and abrasive 6 when cutting the longitudinal slit of the upper layer, the position of the fossil block 23 and the position of the movable slope 24 to lower the cut-out blocks of the 2nd layer onto escalators.

The cutting of the longitudinal and rear vertical slots is carried out simultaneously by one executive tool, which nevertheless has corresponding hydraulic cutting units for different slots. When cutting blocks of the lower layer or when developing a layer into one layer, the cutting of the longitudinal and back slits is also carried out in sections of the same length and equal to the length of the sections of transverse hydraulic cutting. If the cutting of the transverse slits is carried out with the stationary position of the hydraulic cutting cleaning machine, then the cutting of the longitudinal and rear vertical slots is carried out only with its continuous and uniform movement. Similarly, while cutting through the transverse slots, all ultrahigh pressure water generated in the hydraulic booster is transmitted only to the transverse hydraulic cutting executive tool, then when cutting the longitudinal and rear slots, all the SVD water is transmitted only to the longitudinal and rear slotted hydraulic cutting tools.

Figure 4 presents the executive tool of the longitudinal and rear slotted hydraulic cutting, as well as the device of hydraulic cutting nodes for cutting the longitudinal slit. The cutting of the longitudinal and rear slots during the forward stroke of the hydraulic cutting cleaning machine begins at the beginning of each cycle from the factory of the executive tool from the space of the transport excavation to the cut massif of the fossil. Therefore, slot cutting begins with the simultaneous operation of all cutting units. Cutting the longitudinal slit is provided by the operation of two hydraulic cutting units: external cutting 28, when the hydraulic cutting head of the tool is outside the longitudinal slot, and the hydraulic cutting internal longitudinal cutting unit 30, when the hydraulic cutting head is inside the longitudinal slot in the part that has just been cut by the external hydraulic cutting unit cutting.

When you enter the Executive tool for longitudinal and rear cutting into the work from the space of the location of the transport workings, the cutting of the longitudinal slot begins first with the cutting unit of the external cutting, and then with the internal cutting unit. In this case, the water supply tubes of the SVD and the abrasive of the internal cutting unit move along the first half of the longitudinal slot cut by the external cutting unit. Next, the hydroabrasive jet of the internal cutting unit of the longitudinal slit enters the work, which cuts through the second half of the longitudinal slit. The entire slotted longitudinal slit is used in the future to move the SVD and abrasive water supply pipes along it to the hydraulic cutting units of the back slit cutting. Figure 4 also shows the position of the water supply lines SVD 32 and abrasive 33 to the cutting nodes of the tool, the platform 34 for placing the tool longitudinal and rear slot cutting.

Figures 4 and 5 show the location of the hydraulic cutting units for cutting the rear vertical slit. As can be seen in FIG. 5, three cutting units are used to cut the back slit: one external cutting, since its cutting head is outside the back slit, and two internal cutting units. As can be seen from the drawing, the torches of hydraulic jets of all three hydraulic cutting units form a single cutting line of the fossil array. The number of hydraulic cutting nodes for cutting a vertical gap can be different depending on the thickness of the developed layer and the number of layers, as well as on the strength of the array.

Since the hydraulic cutting nodes of the longitudinal cutting should always be ahead of the cutting of the rear vertical slit, then in the reverse course of the movement of the hydraulic cutting cleaning machine when cutting the blocks of the upper layer, the position of the platform 34 must be reversed. To avoid this need, because it is technically very difficult, it is advisable to use an executive tool for longitudinal and rear slot cutting with a symmetrical arrangement of hydraulic cutting units and cutting blocks in two layers: with a forward stroke of the machine, the left arrangement of nodes works, and with a reverse stroke, the right one works.

Figure 6 presents a front view of the location of the equipment when cutting blocks of fossil from the 2nd layer during the reverse stroke of the hydraulic cutting washer. The descent of the cut block of the fossil 23 of the upper layer along the movable slope 24 to the paired escalators is shown. During the operation of a hydraulic cutting machine for cutting blocks of the upper layer, a hydraulic booster 8 and an executive tool for longitudinal and rear slot cutting 35 are installed, installed on a platform 34 occupying the highest position fixed by the vertical guides 37, the transverse cutting tool 36 is turned off and its position is fixed vertical guides 15. Both actuating tools and hydraulic booster 8 are located on a movable working platform 38, which moves on rollers along the working surface Hanging pad 39.

The movement of the working platform for the location of the hydraulic cutting machine is ensured by the operation of the drive sprocket 12 (see Fig. 1) along the track chain 11, which fits into the groove, also located on the edge of the hinged platform.

When lowering the blocks of the upper layer along the ramp, the latter rests with its rollers on the plates of the escalators and is stationary attached to the platform of the hydraulic cutting machine, so that when it moves, the ramp moves in parallel with the delivery escalators and lowers the fossil blocks, which quickly go forward, because the speed of movement of the load-bearing plates is significantly higher than the speed of the hydraulic cutting cleaning machine.

Figure 7 shows the position of the fossil block on the lava delivery vehicle - two paired escalator staves. The escalator is equipped on the basis of existing serial scraper conveyors, for example, TWS 271 by replacing the scrapers with load-bearing plates 41 (see Fig. 7) moving on rollers 43 along the bottom of the pan 40 using traction chains 42. Of the new parts, only load-carrying plates, rollers are used , axles and supporting channels. Everything else that scraper conveyors consist of is used without changes. Thanks to the replacements, the friction-sliding of the load on the steel of the bottom of the pan is replaced by the friction-rolling of the roller along the bottom.

Calculations show that with the conversion of the SCS 271 scraper conveyor 200 m long into the corresponding escalator, the productivity increases from 12 t / min to 203 t / min, i.e. 17 times. Below are the proofs of the calculations.

The load-bearing plates are mounted on the axis, which, when moving under the load, are supported by 6 rollers rolling along the bottom of the pans. The load-bearing plate (see Fig. 10) has a working contact area with the load of 70 cm in width and 11 cm in length, as well as seven eyes, which the plate rests on the axis. The outer diameter of the eye is 40 mm, the inner is 30 mm.

Axis dimensions: length 700 mm, diameter 20 mm. Sizes of rollers: outer diameter 100 mm, inner - 30 mm. Width is 15 mm.

1. Determination of the weight of the moving parts of the escalator

a) Rollers. Quantity - 6. Diameter: outer - 100 mm; internal - 30 mm.

Roller body volume

Weight of one roller

The total weight of the rollers is 0.59 kg × 6 = 3.5 kg

b) axis. Diameter 20 mm. Axis volume πR ² l = 3.14 × 1 ² cm 70 cm = 220 cm ³ = 0.22 dm ³

Axis weight

c) Plate. Plate thickness 10 mm. Dimensions 70 cm × 11 cm

Plate volume 70 cm × 11 cm × 1 cm = 770 cm ³

Determine the volume of the seven eyes of the plate

The total volume of the plate is 770 cm ³ +154 cm ³ = 924 cm ³ = 0.92 dm ³

Plate weight

d) Traction chains. Weight 1 lm chains 12 kg / m. For a length of 0.11 m, the weight of the chains is

12 kg / m × 0.11 m = 1.32 kg

The total weight of the moving parts over a length of 11 cm is

3.5 kg + 1.7 kg + 7.2 kg + 1.32 kg = 13.7 kg

The specific gravity of moving parts per 1 l.m. lengths

13.7 kg: 0.11 m = 124 kg / m

The weight of the moving parts of one branch of the escalator is

124 kg × 200 m = 24800 kg = 24.8 t

2. Determining the system performance of two paired escalators.

a) Weight of moving parts of single branches of two escalators

24.8 t × 2 = 49.6 t

b) the resistance to the movement of two idle branches of both escalators due to sliding friction of the steel axles on the steel guides of the pan

0.17 × 49.6 = 8.4 t,

where 0.17 is the coefficient of friction of the slip of steel on steel;

c) the rolling friction resistance of two freight branches of both escalators

where 0.05 cm is the coefficient of friction of rolling a steel wheel against steel,

5 cm is the radius of the rollers;

R _y - the weight of coal blocks at the headquarters of both escalators, kg;

d) the total force of resistance to the movement of goods is equal

8400 kg + 0.01P _y +496 kg = 8900 kg + 0.01 P _y

e) time for moving cargo at the headquarters of 2 escalators per 1 l.m. length equals

110 kW - drive power of one escalator;

2 - the number of paired escalators;

102 kgm / s kW - conversion ratio of kilowatts to kgm / s;

1 m / s - the speed of the traction chains of the SPC 271 escalators.

After calculating P _y = 1350 t

Thus, the system of 2 paired escalators is capable of moving along the length of the lava at a speed of 1 m / s a load of coal blocks weighing 1350 tons

Therefore, the minute performance of delivery vehicles is

Since two escalators are involved in the delivery, the productivity of one will be half as much as 405: 2 = 202.5 t / min, which is 17 times higher than the original 12 t / min of the capacity of the SPC 271 scraper conveyor from which it was converted. On Fig presents a section along aa of Fig.7. These are the designs of the escalator load plates. Since when a layer is blasted with a plow, escalators also deliver fossil to the placers, it is necessary that the placer does not fall into the space under the plates, so that puffing of the pan does not occur, which impedes the movement of the rollers. Therefore, the plates should fit as tightly as possible to each other and protrude above the sides of the pans. As can be seen from the drawing, the plates at one end - the eye - rest on the axis, the other end - on the eye of the adjacent plate.

In Fig.9 presents a section along BB of Fig.7. This is the design and location of the escalator rollers. As can be seen from the drawing, in the cargo (upper) branch, the rollers roll along the bottom of the pans and are themselves a support for the axes passing through their middle. In the idle lower branch, the axes themselves are supports for the rollers on which they are suspended when moving.

Figure 10 presents a system of two paired escalators for transporting blocks of fossil in the district transport excavation. As can be seen from the drawing, the difference is only in the construction of sides on each side of the transport line to prevent shedding of placer minerals formed from the destruction of blocks during their transportation.

Determination of the maximum loading of escalator stands by mined blocks of fossil

The minimum time for cutting fossil blocks from the array occurs when excavating blocks of the 2nd layer during the development of the formation with a thickness of up to 6 m. In this case, the treatment of the hydraulic cutting machine does not stop, and the cutting speed of the longitudinal and rear slots is maximum and can reach 0.25 m / s . Then the cutting time of one block is

1.4 m: 0.25 m / s = 5.6 s.

Taking into account the descent of the block along the ramp, we take this time to be 6 s.

Taking into account the weight of the block 7.7 tons and its length on a 1.4 m stand, the loading of the escalator stave with minerals is 7.7 t: (1.4 m + 6 s x 1 m / s) = 1.05 t / m

Taking into account the moving parts of the paired escalators, the total weight of the moving cargo per 1 meter is 1050 kg / m +240 kg / m = 1300 kg / m

Determination of the permissible length of transportation of fossil blocks in one twin stand

The force of resistance to movement due to the rubbing-sliding of two idle branches of paired escalators is

0.17 x 248 kg / mx l = 42.5 kg / ml, where l is the length of the stand.

Resistance to movement due to friction-rolling of two loaded branches of escalators 0.05 cm

The total force of resistance to movement is

l (42.5 kg / m + 13 kg / m) = 55.5 kg / ml

The time for moving cargo to a distance of 1 m is determined by the ratio of the magnitude of the work to the power of the drives and at the same time the ratio of the length of the movement to the speed of the traction chains

From this equality, the possible length of a paired escalator stand is revealed from the condition of drive power

The tension force of all 4 traction chains of two paired escalators is

55.5 kg / m × 920 m = 51 t.

The tension of one traction chain will be 51 t: 4 = 13.7 t

Given that the breaking force of the traction chains of TWS 271 is at least 40 tons, we determine that the safety factor of traction chains will be equal to

40 t: 13.7 t = 2.9.

Determination of the productivity of a treatment plant using technology professor Kariman with the extraction of fossil blocks and transportation by escalators

a) reservoir thickness 6 m

1. The duration of the undercut formation plow

One chip removal time 200 m: 1.89 m / s = 105 s

The required number of chips 1.43 m: 0.1 m = 14 chips

1.89 m / s - the speed of the plow

0.1 m - chip thickness

Formation time 105 s × 14 = 1460 s = 24 min

2. The duration of cutting the longitudinal and back slits in the first layer

200 m: 0.15 m / s = 1330 s = 22 min

where 0.15 m is the cutting speed of the pressed coal mass in the lower part of the formation.

3. The duration of cutting the transverse cracks in the fossil massif to a height of 5.6 m from the stav (1st and 2nd layer)

length of one cross cutting

2 × 5.6 m: 0.25 m / s = 44.8 s

number of cross cuts per cycle 200 m: 5.6 m = 36

transverse cuts per cycle

44.8 s × 36 = 1660 s = 27 min

4. Duration of cutting the longitudinal and back slits of the upper layer

200 m: 0.25 m / s = 800 s = 13 min

5. The duration of the coal mining cycle

24 min + 27 min + 22 min + 13 min = 86 min = 90 min

6. The number of production cycles per shift 360 min: 90 min = 4 cycles

7. Reserves in one cycle

200 m × 1.43 m × 6m × 1, 4 t / m ³ = 2400 t

8. Production per shift 2400 t × 4 cycles = 9600 t

9. Production per day 9600 t × 3 shifts = 28600 t / day

b) reservoir thickness 3.2 m

1. The duration of the formation undercut is likewise 24 minutes

2. The duration of cutting the transverse cracks

37 s × 36 = 22 min

Duration of one cutting 2 × 2.8 m: 0.15 m / s = 37 s

Number of cross cuts 200 m: 5.6 m = 36

3. Duration of cutting the longitudinal and rear slots

200 m: 0.15 m / s = 22 min

The idle drive of the hydraulic cutting machine is combined with the work of the plow.

4. The duration of the cycle 24 min + 22 min + 22 min = 68 min

5. The number of production cycles for three production shifts

1080 min: 68 min = 16 cycles

6. Production from one cycle is 200 m × 1.43 m × 3.2 m × 1.4 t / m ³ = 1290 t

7. Production of a slaughter face per day is 1290 t × 16 cycles = 20640 t / day

References

1. Complex mechanization and automation of sewage treatment in coal mines. Under the general editorship of B.F. Bratchenko. M .: Nedra, 1977, 415 p.

Claims (4)

1. A mechanized sewage treatment complex for the extraction of shallow minerals, its development in large blocks and the delivery of these blocks with escalators, including mechanized roof support sections, a hydraulic cutting cleaning machine with rollers providing its movement, for cutting the fossil from the bottom hole in large blocks with the possibility of cutting transverse cracks with a stationary hydraulic cutting machine and cutting the rear vertical slit by continuously moving the hydraulic cutting machine with executive ganas and hydraulic cutting heads connected through metal tubes on which they are rigidly fixed, with a water supply line coming from multipliers that provide ultra-high pressure to the water, a hydraulic booster installed with the possibility of its continuous supply of water and emulsion by means of constantly connected hoses of the hydraulic cutting machine to the water supply and emulsion highways, stacker of highways to provide the possibility of re-laying the mentioned highways when moving a hydraulic cutting machine and changing direction its movement during idle haul, characterized in that the hydraulic cutting machine is made with the possibility of cutting longitudinal slots parallel to the plane of the reservoir, simultaneously with cutting the rear vertical slit using special hydraulic cutting units, the hydraulic booster is configured to supply ultra-high pressure water to the actuators providing cutting back vertical and longitudinal slots when moving the hydraulic cutting machine, and with a stationary hydraulic cutting machine - with the possibility of supplying the entire water to the executive bodies providing transverse hydraulic cutting, and the lengths of all sections along the length of the lava of continuous cutting of the transverse cracks on one side and the rear vertical and longitudinal cracks on the other hand are the same, while the complex is equipped with a hinged platform docked from the dam side of the second escalator to move along it along the length of the lava of the hydraulic cutting machine by means of an electric drive connected to the drive sprocket, which engages with the track chain located in the trench laid kzhe hinged on site, and in case the trucking chain located all communications to ensure that the work of the hydraulic booster: Emulsion pressure and return lines, water line and electric cable. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the complex includes a plow installation, consisting of a plow with a plow chain on the bottom side, two plow drives, hydraulic tables and two escalators assembled on the basis of serial scraper conveyors, in which instead scraper mounted load-bearing plates mounted with the ability to move on rollers rolling along the bottom of the pans. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that for the delivery of mineral blocks along the lava and along the local transport excavation, the complex includes a system of paired escalators, which together provide the necessary receiving ability of the racks for placing mineral blocks on them under the influence of their own weight and moving blocks while the load-bearing plates of escalator stavas, made with the possibility of moving on rollers through pans, ensure the delivery of fossil blocks to the transport mine, and for lowering the block fossil from the upper layer is provided with a set of mobile ramp, mounted for movement on rollers for escalators puts both being stationarily connected with gidroreznoy machine. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that for lava fastening, the complex includes serial mechanized roof supports having sufficient non-rigorous space from the bottomhole side to accommodate two paired escalators.

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