RU2269003C2 - Underground mining method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining, particularly methods of underground mining.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting mineral by hydrocutting machines and headers from face massif in rectangular blocks; putting on metal cases on the blocks to facilitate loading-and-unloading operations and transportation; loading the cut blocks on hauling truck along side previously opened from breakage face side, wherein the truck position is fixed by spacing apart hydraulic post permanently connected to the hauling truck; moving loaded hauling trucks inside breakage face by hauling tracks along channel, V-shaped guiders or guiding rails with the use of haulage cargo winches arranged in berms near conveying tunnels or with the use of independent drives, wherein the conveyance is carried out to conveying and venting tunnels abutting the breakage face; loading mineral blocks from hauling trucks onto wheeled transport platforms without block turning for following transportation. Distance between rail tracks is equal to rail track width to transport blocks on paired wheeled platforms in which locomotive moves along medium track. Working area face is strengthened by individual hydraulic posts and metal hydraulic jacks and metal roof bars or by mechanized face support. The face support has fastening sections including above hydraulic jacks and roof bars, as well as wheel guiding means sections and hydraulic movers with control panel arranged on each fastening section pair. The roof is controlled by partial filling the excavated space with mineral blocks. Distance between neighboring mineral units arranged on one paired wheeled platform and on adjacent platforms may be identical and equal to distance between guiders in breakage heading. Mineral blocks are cut in several rows, wherein depth of slot at seam ground and roof is two times as thickness of mineral blocks to be cut.

EFFECT: increased output, improved safety and ecology.

3 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of underground mining of mineral deposits occurring in strata, deposits or veins of a gentle or steep fall.

The method for the first time offers the extraction of a fossil from underground without destroying it, but by cutting it in large blocks, which gives many major advantages that are not achievable in other ways.

Along with the new method of mining, fundamentally new are

- management of the roof by partial laying of the worked-out space by cut-out blocks of fossil with a small coefficient of reserves loss:

- delivery of fossil blocks in metal frames, on delivery trolleys moving along channel, angle or rail guides with the help of autonomous drives or freight winches along several delivery paths, to both (ventilation and transport) workings adjacent to the lava, which are used as transport;

- fastening of the bottomhole space of the lava with a mechanized bottomhole support;

- transportation of heavy blocks of fossil without their rotation by 90 degrees when they are reloaded from delivery trolleys to twin wheeled transport platforms;

- the location of the delivery paths in the lava and the blocks of the fossil on twin wheeled platforms, which makes it possible to simultaneously load the blocks of fossil from parallel delivery paths on one paired wheeled platform or on two adjacent, coupled in the same composition.

- The following new types of equipment are also offered:

- a self-loading delivery trolley with a side opening from the face of the face, with spacer hydrostations and hydraulic hoists stationary on it, simultaneously delivering many heavy fossil blocks, and with unloading through the end board using a cargo winch;

- the design of a paired wheeled platform of two single platforms having sixteen wheels, due to which a large carrying capacity is achieved for transporting two fossil blocks on one metal plate without turning them when reloaded from delivery trucks;

- design of mechanized bottom-hole lining, consisting of fastening sections, comprising hydraulically-operated and hydraulic racks controlled from the panel, as well as upper sections and channel, corner or rail guides with flexible connections and the possibility of moving after the bottom without disassembling the line.

There is a hydraulic method for developing mineral deposits with short faces using combines and hydraulic monitors using combines with hydraulic nozzles moving along the working face along the scraper conveyor, and a powered roof support with complete collapse of the roof.

The closest is the method of hydromonitor mining of coal seams using a harvester moving along the scraper conveyor along the face and having hydraulic multipliers in its housing (see RF patent No. 2167290 C1, E 21 C 26/60, 2001). The executive body of the combine has cutting heads equipped with mixing chambers with abrasive coming through special tubes. Cutting heads are rigidly fixed to metal tubes of different lengths, which are channels for the entry of ultrahigh pressure water from hydraulic multipliers. The location of the cutting heads ensures the destruction of the coal mass throughout the excavation zone. Coal is loaded onto the conveyor by the action of lateral forces when the fan is formed by a hydro-jet cutting through the back slit, as well as by the action of the conveyor share. Maintenance of the roof in the near-well space is provided by the sections of mechanized lining, after the movement of which, after the combine, the roof collapses completely.

This development method contains irrational technological processes: the destruction of minerals in the excavation zone, delivery of the destroyed rock mass to the mine workings with a scraper conveyor, and the movement of the powered support sections towards the face with full roof collapse control. These processes greatly complicate the process of mining, especially when working in difficult mining conditions. The destruction of the bottomhole array of minerals is very energy-intensive, a large amount of coal dust and explosive methane gas is released into the atmosphere of the bottomhole space. Due to the large amount of finely destroyed fossil in the excavation zone with a combine harvester having screw executive bodies, particularly abundant methane emissions occur, which are difficult to control and often prohibitive in concentration due to turbulence of streams and clutter of the space. The presence on the combine of powerful electric motors with large load electric currents creates a constant danger of the most severe explosions of gas and dust.

The executive bodies of excavating machines wear out quickly, they need to be replaced on a shift basis, often during working hours. If there are solid inclusions in the reservoir or the fossil is replaced by strong rocks, blasting operations are necessary, which leads to equipment damage, injuries and prolonged downtime. Due to the fact that in the excavation zone above the combine, the roof is not fixed with unstable roofs, the drivers receive severe injuries from collapsing rocks.

The destruction of the extracted mineral into the rock mass during its extraction is irrational and for many reasons its further transportation to the surface, storage, loading into wagons and delivery to the consumer. Belt conveyors used to transport rock mass are expensive, bulky and moody equipment. Due to the residual gas content, the transported rock mass emits gas everywhere, which, being in a fresh stream, returns to the working face again, making the gas situation worse. During transportation, the mined rock mass is heavily clogged by rocks from mining and needs subsequent enrichment, which greatly increases the cost of production. The rock mass brought to the surface is very inconvenient for warehousing, loading and unloading operations, takes up a lot of space, needs special wagons for transportation, spontaneously ignites or freezes during storage or transportation, which requires special expensive work, and also leads to damage to wagons. It is necessary to build very expensive sorting and loading terminals to accept these products by the consumer, as well as during export deliveries at railway border crossings and in seaports. All this greatly increases the costs incurred by the manufacturer, i.e. mining enterprise.

Delivery by scraper conveyors along the lava to the transport development of the recaptured mineral is inefficient. Equipment conveyors emergency, injures workers. If the straightness of the face is violated in the formation plane or in the vertical plane, the traction chains or scrapers go out of the guides, outplaying the transported rock mass, can go under the roof, touch the roof visors, can occupy an upright position, can, when heavily loaded, turn over to the adjacent track serving for the movement of workers, thereby creating a threat to their serious injury.

The movement of the lining sections following the combine also restrains the productivity of the working face. Modern combines are high-speed, with a feed speed of up to 6-10 m / min, moving along a straight, straight metal conveyor stand with the engine constantly on. For the movement of the support sections, the movement of workers, the cleaning of pockets, switching on for unloading, and then on the movement of the sections is necessary. Fastening speed cannot exceed 2-3 m / min. With weak soil, they are pressed into it and drown. For their movement requires the support of the soil with lugs along the entire length of the lava, which requires a lot of time and is difficult manual labor. When soil rocks are prone to heaving, the rocks, heaving, beat the base of the sections, and soil transfer is also necessary for their movement, which is heavy manual labor. Due to the variable thickness of the reservoir along the length of the extraction column, there are extended sections where the reserve of the sliding sections of the lining is insufficient. In these areas, there is often a dry clamping of a large number of sections of the falling roof. To release expensive sections, they have to be cut out from the roof rocks, which is difficult manual labor, or blasting with overhead charges, which quickly leads to breakdowns and damage to equipment.

All of the above indicates that the technology for fastening the face, based on the movement of mechanized sections following the movement of the face, is not technologically advanced, inhibits productivity and has no future. The movement of the lining sections leads to the collapse of the roof. However, it should be noted that the management of a complete collapse of the roof is not environmentally friendly. The complete collapse of the roof leads to the destruction of all overlying strata, where minerals can also lie. Their destruction and even the underworking makes them unsuitable for mining. The displacement of the overlying strata leads to the emergence of a hydraulic connection with the upstream aquifers or water-bearing rocks, and at shallow depth with water bodies on the surface. All this dramatically increases the water supply to the working faces and adjacent mine workings, encircling the mine. Pumping to the surface of acid and alkaline mine water in large quantities greatly exacerbates the environmental situation. In many cases, the use of a complete collapse of the roof during cleaning operations is impossible. Finding a quicksand or aquifer, as well as protected objects on the surface makes it impossible to conduct treatment works. Losses of reserves at the same time reach very large values.

The objective of the invention is to significantly increase the productivity of the face, significantly reduce the cost of production with its highest quality, significantly higher level of safety of treatment, achieve a high level of production ecology in all factors, eliminate heavy manual and non-mechanized labor, minimize impact on indicators production of variability of geological conditions and the actions of mining geological factors complicating the treatment tion of the need for additional associated production activities: drainage and lowering of the aquifer, enrichment of the rock mass, degassing of the reservoir and satellites, etc., reduction of metal and energy consumption.

The problem is achieved in that in a method of underground mining of mineral deposits, including the extraction of minerals by cutting it from the bottomhole array with blocks using hydraulic cutting machines moving along the face and having hydraulic control type actuators equipped with cutting heads and chambers for mixing water with an abrasive and connected through metal tubes on which they are rigidly fixed, with a water supply line coming from the animators giving de ultra-high pressure, and the subsequent transportation of the blocks, new actions are introduced: when mining a fossil, it is cut with hydraulic cutting and cutting machines from the bottom hole array into rectangular blocks, on which metal frames are put on during cutting to facilitate loading and unloading and transportation, loading the cut blocks on delivery trolleys are carried out on the board previously opened from the face of the face, while the position of the delivery trolley is secured by A number of hydraulic stands, permanently connected with the delivery trolley, the loading of loaded delivery trolleys is carried out in the mine working along the delivery paths along the channel, corner or rail guides with the help of traction freight winches located in the berm next to the transport workings or using autonomous drives, while the delivery is carried out on transport and ventilation mine workings adjacent to the mine face, they reload the fossil from the delivery trucks to wheeled vehicles e platforms without turning the blocks of minerals and transporting minerals, while the distance between the rail tracks is taken equal to the width of the rail track to enable the transportation of blocks of minerals on twin wheeled platforms with the locomotive moving along the middle track, the roof is controlled by partial laying of the worked out space with mineral blocks and fix the bottom-hole working space of the lava with individual hydro-racks and metal E verhnyakami bottomhole gidrofitcirovannyh or mechanized bolting, which fastening sections are composed of hydraulic and of said verhnyakov and sections of the guide wheel and gidroperedvizhchikov with a control panel on each pair of mounting sections.

The distances between adjacent blocks of the fossil located on one paired wheeled platform and on neighboring platforms are taken to be the same and equal to the distance between the guides in the treatment mine.

It is possible to cut rectangular blocks in several rows, while the depth of cut of the gap near the soil and the roof of the formation is twice as thick as the cut blocks of the fossil.

The invention is illustrated by means of drawings, each of which shows the following:

Figure 1 - cutting (schematically, in profile) with a cutting machine of a slot in the bottomhole coal mass at the boundary with the formation soil: 1 - cutting machine; 2 - the bottom gap in the bottomhole array.

Figure 2 - cutting (schematically, a top view) with a hydraulic cutting machine of transverse slots in the bottomhole array: 3 - hydraulic cutting machine; 4 - transverse cracks; 5 - pressure line supply emulsion; 6 - drain line; 7 - water supply line.

The hydraulic cutting machine 3, moving along the working face using an individual drive, stops through the same sections of the length of the lava and cuts transverse slots 4 in the face for 2-3 minutes in height for the entire thickness of the formation and a depth of 1.1 m. Cutting is carried out by ultra-high pressure hydrojets , which water acquires in the hydraulic multipliers located inside the machine 3. Primary water is supplied to the machine 3 from the highway 7, laid along the lava. The energy for the operation of the multipliers is the hydraulic energy of the emulsion obtained from the pumping station located on the drift. The water-cutting machine receives the emulsion through the pressure line 5. The spent water-cutting machine receives the emulsion to the drain line 6.

Figure 3 - cleaning installation of a mine dust extraction shaft from cutting through the transverse and lower slots: 8 - frame for issuing a bayonet; 9 - installation of a mine dust extractor. Frames 8 are installed along the lava at equal distances.

Figure 4 - bringing the metal frames under the cut-out block (schematically, view in profile): 2 - the bottom slot in the bottom hole array; 10 - the initial position of the frames in the face; 11 - the position of the frames after their introduction under cut blocks of fossil.

Figure 5 - cutting the upper slot with a cutting machine in the bottomhole array at the boundary with the roof, profile view: 12 - cutting machine; 13 - upper slot.

Figure 6 - cutting from top to bottom with a hydraulic cutting machine of the rear vertical slit of the first half-cycle, profile view: 3 - hydraulic cutting machine; 14 - rear vertical slit of the 1st half-cycle; 15 - a tube of a hydraulic cutting tool; 16 - hydraulic cutting head single-sided lateral action. The back slit is created by the continuous movement of the tool.

Figure 7 - loading onto a delivery trolley of a cut out block of a fossil of the 1st half-cycle placed in a metal frame using a hydraulic hoist, profile view: 17 - block of a fossil of the 1st half-cycle; 11 - metal frame; 18 - the side of the truck, lowered to the ground; 19 - hydrostand, spread between the roof and soil; 20 - hydrotal; 21 - hydraulic wire rope; 22 - frame handle.

The loading of the accumulated block 17 is carried out by moving the carcass 11 with a cable 21 dangled to the handle 22. The cable is pulled by a hydraulic hoist 20. The carcass is pulled onto the carriage along the side of the carriage 18 lowered onto the soil towards the bottom.

Figure 8 - cutting a hydraulic vertical cutting slot in the 2nd half-cycle, profile view: 3 - hydraulic cutting machine; 23 - back vertical slit cut through in the 2nd half-cycle. Cutting is performed similarly to that shown in Fig.6.

Figure 9, a and b - delivery trolley in frontal view: 9a - view from the side of the working face and 96 - view from the side of the worked out space; 19 - hydraulic stands for fixing the trolley when loading by spreading between the roof and soil; 20 - hydraulic hoists for loading the cut blocks of fossil into the delivery trolley; 24 - blocks of fossil; 25 - free areas between groups of blocks; 26 - the main wheels; 27 - auxiliary wheels.

The delivery trolley has three sections (see Fig. 9a), which are separated from each other by large wheels 26. Three blocks of fossil 24 are placed in each section. Therefore, the trolley contains 9 blocks in total. To ensure that the bottom of the cart does not bend under the weight of the fossil blocks in each section of the cart from the bottom, there are two additional wheels of small diameter. The diameter of the additional wheels is selected so large that they do not interfere with the sides of the cart lowering into the soil when loading the blocks into production.

On the side of the worked-out space, all wheels of the cart 26 have a larger diameter. This provides a reduction in rolling friction during the movement of the trolley with a very large load. On trolleys from the worked-out side, two hydroracks and one hydraulic hoist are stationary installed opposite each loaded block. Hydraulic racks are necessary to fix the position of the trolley when loading blocks on it, and hydrotal is necessary for mechanization of loading.

Figure 10 - reloading the extracted blocks of fossil in conjunction with a transport drift with lava from a delivery trolley to twin wheel platforms using freight traction winches, front view: 18 - delivery trolley; 24 - block fossil; 28 - cargo traction winch; 29 - twin wheeled platform; 30 - the front door of the trolley, lowered to the platform; 31 - trolley hook for sling the winch traction cable.

Overloading is carried out using a mine cargo winch 28. The winch cable is slung to the end of the front block frame. The mining block is moved along the end door of the delivery trolley, which leans back to the edge of the wheel platform.

Figure 11, a and b - mechanized bottom-hole hydraulic lining. Fig. 11a is the position at the start of a new production cycle after moving the sections, Fig. 11b is the position at the end of the production cycle before moving the sections.

The fastening sections consist of hydraulic racks 32, metal tops 33, sections of wheel guides 34 and hydraulic transmissions 35. In total, each section has three hydraulic racks, six metal upper, two lounges 36, two sections of wheel rails and one hydraulic transformer. The dashed lines show the contours of moving delivery trolleys.

Figure 12 - layout of fossil blocks on paired wheeled platforms as part of a train with a locomotive moving along the middle track, top view: 24 - blocks of the fossil; 29 - twin wheeled platforms; 37 - locomotive.

Underground mining of the Kariman method consists in cutting the fossil in large rectangular blocks using hydraulic cutting and cutting machines and delivering the cut blocks on delivery trolleys to one or more mine workings adjacent to the lava, which are used as transport. Then, fossil blocks are reloaded onto wheeled platforms. In order not to make a turn of the blocks when their length exceeds the width of the wheel platforms, paired wheel platforms moving simultaneously along two rail tracks can be used to transport fossil blocks within the mine workings adjacent to the lava. In this case, the distance between the tracks should be equal to the width of the rail track. Then the movement of the train can be provided by a locomotive moving along the inner or middle track, formed by the inner rails of neighboring tracks. On the prefabricated transport mining, the blocks of the fossil are reloaded onto single wheeled platforms in which the extracted blocks of the fossil move to the trunks. Cutting blocks of fossil is carried out by sequentially performing technological processes:

- cutting (Fig. 1, profile view) of a slit near the formation soil along the entire length of the lava with a depth of 2.2 m and a thickness of 0.14 m (for example, with the Ural-33 cutting machine);

- cutting (top view, see figure 2) of the transverse slots 4; the energy for the operation of the machine is the hydraulic energy of the emulsion, which the machine receives from the pressure line 5 and gives it back to the drain line 6; the working fluid for cutting the cracks is water (20 l / min), which the hydraulic cutting machine receives from the water line 7; cutting of the transverse slots is carried out by a hydraulic cutter having a cutting head of unilateral lateral action at the end of the barrel; to cut a slit, a hydraulic cutter is introduced into the lower slot so that the side-action jet is directed upward; when the cutter moves deep into the gap, a vertical transverse cavity is formed; by moving the hydraulic cutter several times inward and back, an even vertical gap is created for the entire thickness of a thin layer of the required thickness (at least 50 mm); during the development of medium-power formations, a similar cavity is created from top to bottom through a gap at the roof of the formation, which ensures the creation of a transverse gap for the entire thickness of the formation;

- cleansing the gap near the soil of the reservoir from the shaft formed during the cutting of the lower and transverse cracks; the bayonet from stripping is loaded into a special frame 8 (see figure 3, profile view); after filling the frame with a pit, the latter is discharged from the lava by delivery trolleys, as well as mining blocks;

- valve frames for cut blocks of fossil in the lower 2 (see figure 4, view in profile); the valve is made into a previously cleaned slot from the initial 10 to the working 11 position of the frame using a hydraulic gear; the frame is necessary to enable the movement of fossil blocks during delivery, transportation, handling operations without destroying the fossil blocks;

- cutting through the cutting machine 12 of the upper slot 13 at the top of the formation with a depth of 2.2 m and a thickness of 0.14 m along the entire length of the lava (Fig. 5, profile view);

- cutting (see Fig.6, view in profile) of the back slit 14 of the first half-cycle; cutting is performed by a mechanized actuating tool 15 having a hydraulic cutting head of unilateral lateral action 16; a cutting head mounted on a metal tube with an outer diameter of 10 mm (inner 2 mm) is inserted into the upper slot 140 mm thick to a depth of 1.1 m so that the water jet emanating from the head is directed vertically downward; in the process of moving the hydraulic cutting machine by the action of an ultrahigh pressure water jet, a rear vertical slit is created that separates the cut block of the fossil of the first half-cycle from the rest of the array when developing a thin layer; when developing a reservoir of medium power, the action of one jet from top to bottom from the upper slot is not enough due to the large thickness of the formation, therefore, in this case, it is necessary to cut the bottom of the back gap from bottom to top by the action of a similar tool from the bottom slot to insert a metal frame into it;

- loading blocks of the fossil of the 1st half-cycle on a delivery trolley (Fig. 7, profile view); after cutting the back slit of the working face, the cut-out block 17 under the influence of its weight (3-15 tons depending on the removable capacity of the formation) sits in the frame 11, which has walls on all sides except the back to a height of half the thickness of the formation; from the opposite of the immersed blocks of the delivery trolley, the board 18 comes off from the side of the working face and lays on the soil; at the same time, a spacer is made between the roof and the soil of the hydraulic struts 19, permanently installed on the trolley along the entire length, based on two against each loading unit; this fixes the position of the cart when loading blocks; loading itself is carried out by the action of hoists (for example, hydraulic hoists, electric hoists, etc.) 20, permanently mounted on a trolley opposite each loaded block using ropes 21, the ends of which are slid to the handles of the corks 22;

- cutting the back slit 23 (Fig. 8, profile view) when cutting blocks of the 2nd half-cycle is performed similarly to cutting the back slit of the 1st half-cycle;

- loading of mining blocks of the 2nd half-cycle on a delivery trolley is carried out similarly to loading of blocks of the 1st half-cycle.

Coal blocks are extracted from the lava to both mine workings adjacent to the lava, since the ventilation mine is also used as a transport mine within the framework of the refreshing jet in a direct-flow ventilation scheme (when developing high-gas strata).

Fossil blocks are delivered to transport workings by delivery trolleys (see Figs. 9a and b, front view) along several parallel-laid lines of channel, corner or rail guides. The movement of sufficient bogies is provided by mine cargo and safety winches. On figa shows the appearance of the delivery trolley from the side of the face. The delivery trolley consists of sections (in figa - three sections), where the blocks of the fossil are located. In Fig. 9, three fossil blocks 24 are placed in each section. Between the sections there is a free section 25, the length of which corresponds to the length of the fossil blocks cut in the bottomhole array and moved to the mined-out space for partial laying. The location of all the fossil blocks on the delivery trolley corresponds to their location in the bottomhole array. This provides the possibility of their simultaneous loading during the development of thin formations or the alternate loading of heavy blocks without moving the cart when developing formations of medium power. To reduce rolling friction during the movement of the loaded loaded bogies, the maximum possible wheel diameters 26 are used, which are located on the face side opposite the free sections (so as not to interfere with the side opening on the face side) and evenly from the worked out space. In order to prevent excessive bending of the bottom of the trolley under the large weight of fossil blocks (when developing medium-power formations), small diameter wheels 27 are provided on the trolley from the face of the bottom face. Fig. 9b shows the position of the hydraulic struts 19 for fixing the position of the trolley when loading the blocks, as well as hydraulic hoists 20, providing the process of moving blocks when loading them into a trolley.

A delivery trolley is a means of delivery not only of fossil blocks cut from the bottomhole array to the transport workings, but also of free metal frames from transport workings to the loading locations of the cut blocks. The trolley has a housing with a side opening on the face side (as shown in Fig. 7) and end doors opening to the side of the transport mine workings at both ends of the trolley (see Fig. 10), a hydraulic stand for fixing the position of the trolley when loaded with fossil blocks and hydraulic hoists, with the help of which loading is carried out directly. Hydro stands and hydraulic hoists are installed permanently on delivery trolleys from the side of the worked out space. The opening side of the trolley is divided into separate sections (to reduce the weight when they are opened and closed), since it is made of a strong metal plate that can withstand the weight of the fossil block moving along it when loaded into the trolley. The length of each separately opening section of the side of the trolley is equal to the length of the cut blocks.

The total length of all the blocks that are laid flat on the delivery trolley is equal to the distance in the worked-out space between the blocks laid in it. The length of the free area on the trolley is equal to the diameter of the main wheels of the trolley and is equal to the size along the length of the lava laid in the mined space of the blocks of the fossil.

Traction (freight) winches 28, providing the movement of delivery trolleys along the lava, are installed in berms, coupled with transport workings (see figure 10, front view). They are also used to reload fossil blocks 24 from delivery trolleys 18 to twin wheeled platforms 29. To do this, the end door 30 is opened on the delivery trolley and lowered to the edge of the wheeled platform. The end of the cable of the cargo winch 28 is slinged to the end of the frame of the front block. When you turn on the winch due to the movement of the cable, the fossil block is moved to the wheeled platform. After the composition of the wheeled platforms is moved a sufficient length so that the next free section appears on the platform in front of the delivery trolley to place the next mineral block on it, the process is repeated until the delivery trolley is completely unloaded. Next, the frames are loaded onto the delivery carriage under the mining blocks of the fossil. The loading is carried out by pulling the free frames using a shunting winch over a section of the worked out lava space adjacent to the transport output to the width of the frame, where they are previously reloaded from an empty train in order to free up space for loading with mining blocks. In order to make room for incoming frames and their turn before loading, the delivery trolley must move into the lava to the length of the frame. Tightening the frames inside the delivery trolley can be done using a shunting winch and its cable, which slings to the end opposite part of the frame. This winch is located in the middle of the lava on the line of the delivery path, it is safety during the movement of the loaded delivery carriage and is used as a traction winch during the reverse course of the carriage to the place of unloading free frames and further to the place of loading of frames with fossil blocks.

The lava bottom-hole space can be fixed with individual hydro-racks and metal tops, or with a mechanized bottom-hole lining (see figa and b, profile view), the fastening sections of which consist of the same hydraulic racks 32, tops 33, wheel guides 34 (channel, corner or rail) and hydraulic transducers 35. In Fig. 11a and b, the attachment sections consist of three serial hydraulic racks and six serial metal upper, one hydraulic transducer, two sunbeds and two sections of channel guides.

Hydro columns divide the bottomhole space into four working compartments. The first compartment in the account from the stope is designed to accommodate and move cutting and hydraulic cutting machines in it and has a corresponding width.

The first compartment is mounted with one hydrostatic and one cantilever hinged top. It also has frames for storing them from slotted slots, frames for mining blocks and frames for moving fossil blocks into a mined space.

The second and third departments are used to accommodate the delivery equipment. The dashed lines in the 2nd and 3rd compartments in Figs. 11a and b show the contours of the shipping trolleys loaded with mining blocks loaded on mining channels along the channel guides. Each of these compartments provides a single delivery track. The fastening in each of these compartments is provided by hydroracks installed along the edges of the compartments and two articulated tops. On the soil of the second compartment there is a section of guides and one base (plank bed), on which a hydraulic stand rests. On the soil of the third compartment, there is a section of guides and a hydraulic gear, on which a hydraulic stand rests from above.

In the 2nd department, the side adjacent to the mine face is also used as a reserve area for the location of hydraulic cutting machines and frames to clear the passage for cutting machines working on a new cycle. The support for the 1st and 2nd hydraulic struts are sunbeds 36, which are joined with the sections of the guides 34. The support for the 3rd hydraulic struts is a hydraulic gear 35, which provides movement of the entire mounting section. All fastening sections are connected in pairs through two sections of wheel guides common to them. The sections of the guides are interconnected by articulated joints, which makes it possible to move them without disconnecting the sections of the guides after the excavation of the blocks in each half-cycle from the middle of the lava to both sides.

The fourth compartment is intended only for the movement of workers, has a completely free passage section. The fourth compartment is secured by a single hydraulic stand under the cantilever protruding upper. In total, the lava fastening kit in cross section has three hydroracks, six metal articulated tops, two metal bases (deck chairs), a hydraulic gear and two guiding sections.

Each section of the guides is interlocked with two sets of supports and forms together with them and the section of the guides of the second delivery track as a whole a section of mechanized bottomhole support. Thus, the structure of one section of powered roof supports includes 6 hydroracks, 12 metal articulated towers, 4 bases (metal beds) and 2 hydraulic transmissions. The length of the bottom-hole mechanized lining section is determined by the length of the guide section. The sections of the guides are interconnected with each other, which makes it possible to move them after the working face without disassembling.

The movement of the mechanized bottom-hole lining is seen when comparing its images on figa and figb. The first image corresponds to the beginning of the cycle, and the second to its end.

The roof is controlled by partial laying of fossil blocks of small (substandard) section into the mined-out massif into the mined-out space, which ensures insignificant losses of the fossil (up to 5%). Blocks in the worked-out space are laid out in strips with a distance between them, providing a uniform (without collapse) landing with a smooth deflection that does not allow concentration of rock stresses, insignificant load on the bottom-hole support even with very long lavas, as well as the stability of outcropping of the direct roof in sections in the zone loading mining blocks on delivery trolleys. Fossil blocks are also moved to the worked-out space in frames, which, after the end of the movement, are removed from under the blocks and remain in place for the movement of blocks in the following cycles and half-cycles. Moving is carried out, for example, using portable hydrotal, which are fixed to previously moved blocks, clamped by a falling roof. For movement through sections of guides, special flooring is laid on them. The blocks are moved between the fastening sections without cleaning the hydroracks. The size of the block under the roof in this regard cannot exceed the distance between the fastening sections along the length of the lava. From the condition of loading the mining blocks on the delivery trolley until it is fully loaded without moving, the length of the block should be equal to the length of the free section 25 (Fig. 9, a and b) between the loaded blocks of the fossil sections of the delivery trolley.

Transportation of the extracted fossil is carried out with the aim of increasing the total productivity of the two mine workings adjacent to the mine face. When the length of the mining blocks is increased (for the sake of increasing the productivity of the working face, their length can be brought up to 2.8 m), the composition formed for transporting the mining blocks should consist of paired wheeled platforms (see Fig. 10, front view and Fig. 12, view from above). Paired platforms are constructed from single platforms, each of which is on its own rail track, by blocking with metal tie-beams and a plate placed on top (Fig. 10), which is the working surface for placing fossil blocks on it (see the contours of block 24 in Fig. 10).

Since there are two rail tracks with a width of 900 mm on each track, the distance between them is also assumed to be 900 mm. Therefore, another rut appears - the inner (middle). A locomotive moves along this inner rut. Following him, two wheeled platforms are immediately blocked along two tracks as a single unit, interlocked by two (one on each track). Due to this, the total width of the interlocked wheel platform is 3150 mm, which is quite enough to accommodate the fossil 24 blocks extended from the lava across the platform width of 2.8 m in length. The 2.8 m length is taken due to the fact that mining blocks are limited in length to this according to the conditions of their subsequent transportation on single wheeled platforms, where they are reloaded from paired platforms on prefabricated transport workings for further transportation of production to the trunk. Owing to the presence of paired wheeled platforms at the transport mine workings under the loading points of the lava, there is no need to turn heavy mining blocks, which would otherwise sharply limit the performance of the loading points.

When unloading mining blocks onto a wheeled platform along a single delivery line, it may not be possible to unload a delivery trolley from a parallel delivery line. To avoid this, the distance between the guide tracks in the bottomhole space of the lava should be the same as the distance between the sections for the location of the blocks of the fossil both on the same platform (where two blocks of the fossil fit), and between adjacent sections on the adjacent wheeled platforms.

For the free movement of the bogies (so that the mining blocks do not touch the metal tops of the bottom hole attachment), it is necessary that when cutting the blocks, the total thickness of the cracks at the soil and the roof of the formation should exceed the sum of the thickness of the upper sections and the distance from the lava soil to the working surface of the placement of mining blocks delivery trolleys.

The development of minerals by the Kariman method also leads to a significant increase in productivity. Grubbing machines cut cracks in the roof and soil of the strata to a depth of 2.2 m at a speed of 2.8 m / min. The cutting speed of the transverse and back slits with hydraulic cutting machines can only be higher, because numerous experimental tests have proved that waterjet cutting with ultra-high pressure water jets (up to 3000 atm) is much more productive than mechanical cutting with metal teeth, in particular, for some types of useful fossils. Based on these values, the daily productivity of the face, which develops, in particular, a thin coal seam with a capacity of 1.2 m, is 16 thousand tons of coal per day. When developing a flat coal seam with an angle of incidence of up to 9 degrees and a thickness of 3.0 m, the productivity per day for cutting coal blocks is 40 thousand tons per day. With such capabilities of the technology for cutting blocks of fossil, the actual productivity of the working face is determined by the capabilities of high-speed loading of mining blocks into delivery trolleys, their carrying capacity, the number of flights per day, the productivity of loading mining blocks onto wheeled platforms, and the receiving capacity of these platforms. The technical solutions in this invention provide the highest possible performance for all of these processes. Thus, the load capacity of the delivery trolley ensures the simultaneous transportation of nine production blocks, which, with a formation thickness of 1.2 m, gives the payload weight in the trolley 36 t, with a power of 3.0 m, the payload in the trolley 100 t. The delivery trolleys are self-loading, since they have you have everything you need for high-speed loading of mining blocks. When developing thin formations, loading of all blocks is carried out simultaneously, while developing formations with a capacity of 3 m - sequentially for a minimum time. All processes of loading and unloading blocks are mechanized. To increase delivery performance, the production of mining blocks is carried out on different trolleys to both workings adjacent to the lava, which are both used as transport vehicles along several parallel delivery lanes operating independently of each other. Unloading mining blocks from different tracks is also mutually independent. All this as a whole greatly increases the overall performance of delivery vehicles. The use of twin wheeled platforms practically solves the problem of high-speed unloading without turning large and heavy mining blocks. Moreover, the technology for unloading blocks from bogies is constructed in such a way that unloading can be carried out on the lava soil in the area of its interface with the transport output during delays with the supply of empty wheeled platforms. Thus, the duration of the flight of the delivery trolleys also does not depend on anything and is reduced to a minimum. The fact that the delivery process performance is independent of external factors is unique in organizing the transportation process and makes this delivery technology very attractive.

A major advantage of the invention is the avoidance of complete collapse of roof control. This method of roof management, which is not environmentally friendly in nature, also does not allow you to have long lavas, since this gives ultra-large loads of roof rocks on the roof supports. With short lengths of lavas, it is impossible to achieve large loads on lavas; for this, it is necessary to have a few ultrafast bolts. The transition to the management of the roof by partial laying of coal blocks with insignificant loss of reserves allows you to completely abandon the very heavy, metal-intensive and extremely expensive treatment mechanized roof supports. Instead, the lava uses lightweight bottom-hole mechanized roof supports made of serial hydroracks and metal tops and hydraulic motors. Mounting becomes fast, easy and very cheap.

An invaluable important advantage of the development method in large blocks is the removal of the restrictions on the daily productivity of the working face by the gas factor. When developing fossils in large blocks, there is no stream of the fossil being mined. So when developing coal seams, the most dangerous and strong uneven source of gas evolution is absent - the flow of methane from the beaten coal. In connection with the non-collapse of the roof, there is also no other very gas-rich source of gas emissions - from satellites and the worked out space. In this regard, gas mobility in sewage treatment is reduced by three to four times. There is no need to conduct degassing works at mines even of supercategory gas factor both on developed formations and on satellites.

Quantitative calculations testify to the technical capabilities of this method of developing shallow coal seams to have stable, independent of the operation of mining and geological factors complicating the usual technology, the average daily production at the level for thin shallow seams (at the moment) is 16 thousand tons / day, for formations of medium capacity - up to 40 thousand tons / day, which is approximately twenty times higher than the level of existing loads on the working faces. This is due to the fact that this method is new and gives rise to a much more advanced treatment technology, according to which (possibly) underground mining technology will develop in the next thirty to forty years

- the non-use in complex faces of complex, slow and costly treatment mechanized complexes, the transition to the use in lavas of light but inexpensive mechanized bottom-hole supports, logging and hydraulic cutting machines, delivery trolleys, channel guides, mine cargo winches;

- the optional use of scraper and belt conveyors, mechanized and mining bunkers in underground mineral transport, the transition to a single type of transport in the mine - wheeled, as well as a significant reduction in power consumption due to the non-use of shearer drives, scraper and belt conveyors, energy consumption for cutting the slots when cutting blocks are many times less than the total destruction of the array by combines;

- a significant reduction in mining costs due to the small specific volume of preparatory mine workings on thin strata of 3.8 m / 1000 tons of reserves and 1.0 m / 1000 tons of reserves on medium formations (with existing technology 20 m / 1000 t and 6 m / 1000 t of reserves, respectively); this is due to an increase in the length of the working face on thin formations of 340 m and on formations of medium thickness (3.0 m) - 630 m;

- high labor productivity: due to the lack of heavy manual and non-mechanized labor, widespread during the usual complex mechanized excavation due to the inability of complex mechanization to work in difficult mining and geological conditions, characteristic of the mines of the Russian Federation; labor productivity during the development of large blocks on thin formations is 20 t / output for underground, 40 t / output for active face, and 52 t / output for underground units: 100 t / output for underground;

- there is no need for auxiliary production: drainage, degassing, enrichment of large blocks of coal;

- when developing anthracite according to Kariman’s method (for example, in the Rostov coal basin), the consumption of anthracite depends on its grade, which is determined by the size of the pieces of anthracite; screw harvesters and loosers on belt conveyors greatly crush anthracite, which leads to a loss of its quality; The production of anthracite in large blocks allows cutting anthracite briquettes on the surface with sawing machines and delivering anthracite products to the population and abroad in a modern package, raising the culture of the heating process, which guarantees its high competitiveness and good sales.

The development of fossil in large blocks allows you to raise the level of safety of sewage treatment to a qualitatively higher level. This is due to the non-destruction of the mineral mass in the placer, which leads to high dustiness and gas contamination of the near harvester space, and in the presence of large power equipment on combines creates a constant threat to the most severe gas and dust explosions;

- in the development of coal seams, a significant relief of the gas regime at the treatment works in connection with the elimination of gas supply from the broken coal and the worked out space; a large area of an uncluttered borehole cross-sectional area (up to 8 m ² on thin beds and up to 20 m ² on medium formations), which provides the possibility of supplying air in sufficient quantities, its free movement and the absence of stagnant zones, gas entrances and an excessive increase in air temperature in the face;

- creating a safe, uncluttered passage for people (4th compartment, see figa and b), having a width of 1.1 m, convenient for quick movement;

- the refusal to control the roof with a complete collapse and the transition to the management of the roof by partial laying of fossil blocks with a small distance between the laid strips provides a gradual smooth deflection of the roof, the absence of stress concentration in the rocks, insignificant loads on the bottomhole support, the absence of punctures, cracks, outfalls, stability of outcrops ;

- the possibility of not using scraper conveyors in the working face, the traction chains of which, having a high tension, come out of the guides when the guides are poured or there are troughs and, when the working face is bent, they can turn over and go over to the workers' moving line, seriously injuring them;

- non-use of combines that injure workers with the teeth of augers; harvesters do not fasten the bare roof between the screws and in the bend zone of the conveyor, which, when the harvester stops, leads to the formation of outfalls, the need for workers to be under the exposed roof to clean the rock, preventing the harvester or lining from moving, and to be injured by collapsing rock.

- due to the development of large blocks, there is no caking of coal in wagons and receiving bunkers, ignition of coal during transportation and storage, during storage and loading and unloading.

Also, the application of the development of coal seams in large blocks, without destroying the massif of the fossil, allows you to create a truly environmentally friendly production at the treatment plant, since coal dust does not enter the atmosphere of the bottom hole here; the block created by the cutting and water-cutting machines is located in narrow deep slots, from where it is filled into closed metal frames with the help of mine dust extraction installations;

- on average, the emission of methane from mined coal into the mine atmosphere is reduced by 3-4 times in connection with the elimination of the most intense sources of methane emissions: from chipped coal and from the mined-out space;

- in connection with the non-collapse of the roof in the worked out space there is no loss of mineral reserves lying over the developed layer and falling into the destruction zone;

- due to the smooth deflection and uniform subsidence of the roof as the fossil blocks left in the worked out space are crushed, there is no need to leave large areas of the fossil fields untouched under surface water bodies, industrial facilities, residential areas, railways, thereby eliminating significant amounts of reserve losses in security pillars ;

- also due to the lack of hydraulic connection of the treatment works with the higher rocks, saturated with water, or with aquifers, which leads to a sharp reduction in water inflows into the mine workings and a corresponding reduction in the discharge of mine water to the surface;

- the absence of alluvial coal on the surface of its storage areas, on the loading area of wagons in connection with the issuance of large blocks to the surface, the absence of coal dust on the clothes of miners and their faces allows you to raise the production culture in coal mines, clean the territory of the mine yard and the air atmosphere from coal dust.

The non-use of heavy treatment mechanized equipment complexes makes it possible to prevent heavy non-mechanized labor in lavas from assembling and especially dismantling mechanized complexes. There is no need to manually cut from the rocks the tops sandwiched by the roof or the heavy bases of roof supports sunk in the rocks, disassemble them, manually disassemble the rusted bolted joints, etc. The use of light bottom-hole mechanized lining in the working faces eliminates these phenomena.

The same thing happens during operation, when due to the insufficient extension of the support sections in separate areas due to the variability of the thickness of the formation, the support sections of the lowering roof are clamped, or due to weak soil, the support and soil are pressed into the base and manual cutting of rocks is required soil and roof along the entire length of the lava.

Claims (3)

1. The method of underground mining of mineral deposits, including the extraction of minerals by cutting it from the bottomhole array with blocks using hydraulic cutting machines moving along the face and having hydraulic control type actuators equipped with cutting heads and chambers for mixing water with an abrasive and connected through metal pipes, on which they are rigidly fixed, with a water supply line coming from multipliers that give ultrahigh pressure to water, and the subsequent three block inspection, characterized in that when mining a fossil, it is cut with hydraulic cutting and cutting machines from the bottomhole array into rectangular blocks, on which metal frames are put on during cutting to facilitate loading and unloading and transportation, the cut blocks are loaded onto delivery trolleys by a previously open from the stope side of the board, while fixing the position of the delivery trolley is ensured by the spread of hydroracks stationary connected with a moving trolley, the loading of loaded delivery trolleys is carried out in the mine working along the delivery paths along the channel, corner or rail guides with the help of traction freight winches located in the berm near the transport workings, or with the help of autonomous drives, while the delivery is carried out on adjacent to the working face transport and ventilation mine workings, they reload the fossil from the delivery trucks to wheeled transport platforms without turning the blocks of fossils go and transport minerals, while the distance between the rail tracks is taken equal to the width of the rail track to enable the transportation of mineral blocks on twin wheeled platforms with the locomotive moving along the middle track, they control the roof by partially filling the worked out space with mineral blocks and fix the bottom hole working lava spaces with individual hydroracks and metal tops or mechanized attachment hydroficated support, the fastening sections of which consist of the specified hydraulic stands and upper sections, as well as sections of wheel guides and hydraulic shifters with a control panel on each pair of fastening sections. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distances between adjacent fossil blocks located on one paired wheeled platform and on neighboring platforms are the same and equal to the distance between the rails in the treatment mine. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular blocks are cut in several rows, while the depth of cut of the slit at the soil and the roof of the formation is twice as thick as the cut blocks of the fossil.

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