RU2394005C1 - Method of making building blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of building materials and specifically from metallurgical production wastes. The method of making building blocks involves preparation of a composition, loading into a mixer and stirring the loaded components of the composition, adding water until obtaining a water/binder ratio, putting the mixture into a vibro-mould, hardening, stripping and ageing. The composition contains cement, quartz sand, filler, a hardener, a foaming agent and water. The filler is oxidative electric-furnace slag with particle size of 3-12 mm. The hardener is dry gas cleaning slag with particle size of 5-100 mcm. The foaming agent is oxidative or reducing electric-furnace slag with particle size of 0-3 mm together with spent sulphuric acid solution for etching ferrous metals. Quartz sand with fineness modulus FMëÑ2, M 400 portland cement and the said slag with particle size of 3-12 mm and 5-100 mcm are added to the homogeneous moving pulp foamed by gases. The filler slag with particle size of 3-12 mm is activated by a constant magnetic field with induction equal to 0.15Ç0.25 T while feeding the slag at speed of 0.5Ç2.0 m/min. The hardener slag with particle size of 5-100 mcm is activated by a constant magnetic field with induction equal to 0.25Ç0.35 T while feeding the slag at speed of 0.5Ç2.5 m/min. The hardening water used is a catholyte with redox potential of - 970Ç1150 mV and pH= 10.6Ç12.8. ^ EFFECT: improved operational properties of building blocks and improved strength characteristics. ^ 1 cl, 10 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of building materials, namely from waste metallurgical (steel) production.

A known method of preparing a concrete mixture, comprising mixing water, cement, sand in a turbulent mixer, followed by mixing the resulting activated mixture with coarse aggregate in a low-speed mixer, in which, in order to save cement, reduce energy consumption, water is supplied to the turbulent mixer sequentially at intervals of 20 seconds , sand in an amount of 25-50% of the total mass of sand, cement and mix for 40-60 s, then the resulting activated mixture is mixed for 50-60 s in a low-speed mixer with preliminary tionary blended for 20-25 with coarse aggregate and sand remaining part (SU, Inventor's Certificate №1645264. A1. M. cl. ⁵ C04B 40/00. A method for preparing a concrete mixture / L.M.Glagoleva, V.I.Osipova , V.I.Solomatov, S.S. Melkonov, N.N. Nagornyak (USSR) - Application No. 4429726/23; claimed on 11/26/1987; publ. 04/30/1991, Bull. No. 16 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1991. - No. 16).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem we are solving - the disposal of slag and pickling solutions of metallurgical production and increasing the strength of building blocks - include the cyclical nature of the process: transshipment of mixed components from a high-speed mixer to a low-speed mixer and vice versa; purely mechanical contact of the components without entering into any substitution reactions.

Known raw mix for the manufacture of building blocks containing cement, sand, aggregate and water, in which granules obtained by the recycling of plastic bottles or other plastic containers are introduced into its composition as aggregate, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Cement 12-14 Sand 37-41 Specified Granules 30-34 Water 13-14

(RU, patent No. 2268863. C1. IPC C04B 28/04 (2006.01), C04B 18/20 (2006.01), C04B 111/40 (2006.01). The raw material mixture for the manufacture of building blocks V.I. Kurilo (RU). - Application No. 2004122197/03; filed July 19, 2004; publ. January 27, 2006).

Despite the attractiveness of the described raw mix, in which plastic is used as secondary raw material, and the similarity of some components in the composition (sand, cement, water), the described neutral raw mix due to granules obtained from plastic containers and bottles does not ensure the quality of building materials. blocks both in strength and in quality. Smooth plastic balls (granules) from polyethylene containers do not provide adhesion to sand, and cement does not react with them in chemical reactions.

A known method of manufacturing gypsum concrete blocks on a gypsum cement - pozzolanic (GCP) binder, comprising loading into the mixer and mixing the metered components of the GCP of a binder, sand, sawdust, setting retarder and mixing water, vibrocompressing the resulting mixture in a vibration form and formwork, in which the mixer continuously works at the same time, first a portion of the metered sand and sawdust is fed, and then the rest of the sand and water with a setting retarder are used, for example, one stripped off filtrate Yes, citric acid production, stirred for at least 20 minutes, after which a binder of GCP is fed into the mixer and final mixing is performed for at least 40 s, vibrocompression is carried out for 17-25 s, with a compression gain of 3.5-4.7 MPa, the oscillation frequency 3000 min ^-1 and an amplitude of 1-2 mm, and stripping is carried out with subsequent exposure of the blocks for at least 20 minutes.

There is also known a raw material mixture for the production of gypsum concrete blocks on an GPC binder, consisting of building gypsum and pozzolanic Portland cement, including an GCP binder, quartz sand, sawdust, setting retarder, in which an evaporated filtrate from the production of citric acid was used as a setting retarder in the following ratio of components, wt.%

Gypsum plaster 30.92-34.00 Pozzolanic Portland Cement 5.46-6.0 Quartz sand M _cr ≥2 53.22-58.34 Sawdust 4.4-4.95 One-off waste filtrate citric acid production 0.33-0.38 and water is introduced to obtain water binding 0.26 - 0.32

(RU, patent No. 2086409. C1. IPC ⁶ B28B 3/00, C04B 28/14. A method of manufacturing gypsum concrete blocks and the raw material mixture for their manufacture / E.V. Sklyarov, M.P. Solodovnikov, A.A. Tsupikova, R.N. Aleshina, A.M. Krupkin. - Application No. 95107953/03; filed May 22, 1995; publ. August 10, 1997).

The disadvantages of the described method of manufacturing blocks and a raw material mixture include the high energy consumption for the production of building blocks, in which sawdust of wood crops, which accumulate moisture during use, is used as a filler.

Known raw material mixture for the manufacture of building blocks, containing cement, silica sand, slag of metallurgical production, a blowing agent and water, which contains slag of metallurgical production of an electric furnace oxidizing fraction of 3-12 mm as a filler, slag of metallurgical production of an electric furnace oxidizing or reducing fraction of 0-3 mm together with the spent pickling solution of sulfuric acid pickling of ferrous metals as a blowing agent in the following ratio components, wt.%:

Cement 13-17 Quartz sand 4-7 Specified Waste pickling solution 4-8 Electric Steel Slag oxidative or recovery fraction 0-3 mm 18-24 Electric Steel Slag oxidative fraction 3-12 mm 24-48 Electric Steel Slag dry gas purification fractions 5-100 microns 8-12 Water 5-8

(RU, patent No. 2312091. C1. IPC C04B 38/10 (2006.01). Raw mix for the manufacture of building blocks / A.P. Fomenko (RU), G.K. Lobacheva (RU), AMSaldaev (RU) .- Application No. 2006116083/03; filed May 10, 2006; publ. December 10, 2007, Bull. No. 34 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2007. - No. 34).

The disadvantages of the described raw mix for the manufacture of building blocks from slags of metallurgical production and spent pickling solutions of ferrous metals containing non-ferrous and ferrous metal oxides include their insufficient strength and durability due to the low molecular bonding of the components of the raw mix composition.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is the expansion of the raw material base for building materials through the disposal of waste from steelmaking and metallurgical industries.

The technical result is an increase in operational properties and strength characteristics.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of manufacturing building blocks, preferably from waste from steelmaking and metallurgical industries, including the preparation of compositions of cement, silica sand, slag of the electric furnace oxidizing or reducing fraction of 0-3 mm, slag of the electric furnace oxidizing fraction of 3-12 mm , slag of electric steel-smelting dry gas purification fraction 5-100 microns, spent etching solutions of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals and do, mixing the dosed components of the compositions, feeding water to obtain a water-binding ratio, laying out the mixture in a vibration form, curing, stripping and ripening, according to the invention, into a homogeneous gas-foamed mobile pulp of oxidative (primary) metallurgical slag with fractions of 0-3 mm and spent pickling a solution of sulfuric acid pickling of ferrous metals with active stirring quartz sand is fed to the module size M _cr ≥2,5, 400 M Portland cement, slag oxidizer (primary g) fractions of 3-12 mm as a filler, activated by a constant magnetic field with induction of 0.15 (0.25 T when feeding slag at a speed of 0.5 ... 2.0 m / min, catholyte with a redox potential of 970 ... 1150 mV with pH = 10.6 ... 12.8 as mixing water and dry gas treatment slag for steelmaking of the 5-100 micron fraction as a hardener activated by a constant magnetic field with induction of 0.25 ... 0.3 5 T when slag is fed at a speed 0.5 ... 2.5 m / min.

The invention is illustrated by examples and illustrated by tabular data.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A method of manufacturing building blocks from waste from steelmaking and metallurgical production includes obtaining a composition, loading into the mixer and mixing the metered components of the composition, supplying water to obtain a water-binding ratio, laying out the mixture in a vibration form, curing, stripping, ripening. The composition for the manufacture of building blocks includes components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Cement Portland M400 brand 13-17 Quartz sand with M _cr ≥2.5 4-7 Spent pickling solutions for sulfuric acid pickling of ferrous metals 4-8 Slag smelting fraction 0-3 mm 18-24 Slag smelting fraction 3-12 mm 24-48 Dry gas slag fraction 5-100 microns 8-12 Water 5-8

The starting materials for implementing the method of manufacturing building blocks from waste from metallurgical and steelmaking are the following materials.

Portland cement grade M 400.

Building quartz sand with a fineness modulus M _cr ≥2.5 according to GOST 8736-85 with a moisture content of 5%.

The spent etching solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals has the following composition: free sulfuric acid - 9.58-12.1%; iron - 40.64 g / l; copper - 23.52 g / mg / l; nickel - 525.9 mg / l; zinc - 5.3 mg / l; manganese - 18.6 mg / l, other elements - 0.6-2.8 mg / l.

The oxidative (primary) slag of the smelter is subjected to grinding and separation. After mechanical crushing and grinding, the primary slag has a grain composition of crushed stone, which is presented in table 1. A fraction with grain sizes of 0-3 mm is used as a blowing agent to obtain porous and highly porous cinder block as a heat and sound insulating material. The appearance of oxidizing steel furnace (primary) slag is a stone-like cellular mass of dark gray color.

The slag of the smelting production of a fraction of 3-12 mm is used as a filler. The chemical composition of the slag (primary and secondary) is presented in table 2. Appearance of the electric steelmaking reducing (secondary) slag is a powdery mass of light gray color. The chemical composition of slags and metallurgical waste products of JSC “VMZ“ Red October ”are shown in table 3.

Dry slag gas purification steelmaking fraction 5 - 100 microns in the manufacture of building blocks used as a hardener.

The spent etching solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals is mixed with oxidative (primary) metallurgical slag with a fraction size of 0-3 mm in the mass ratio of the solid phase (T - slag) to the liquid phase (W - etching solution) as (3.0 ... 4.5 ):one.

During mechanical stirring and chemical reactions, a mobile homogeneous pulp foamed by gases is formed. The temperature of the mixture when mixed with 38-40 ° C increases to 76-82 ° C. The process of neutralizing the etching solution is autothermal. The mixing time of the foamed mass is at least 15 minutes. Hydrogen indicator of pulp pH = 6.0-6.5.

Pre-prepared quartz sand with a fineness modulus M _cr ≥2, Portland cement grade M 400, slag is fed into a homogeneous gas-filled mobile slurry from oxidative (primary) metallurgical slag with fractions of 0-3 mm and spent etching solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals with vigorous stirring. oxidative (primary) fraction of 3-12 mm as a filler. The specified filler, slag fraction 3-12 mm, activate a constant magnetic field with an induction of 0.15 ... 0.25 T. The slag mass fraction 3-12 mm is moved over the electromagnets by a conveyor belt at a speed of 0.5 ... 2.0 m / min. Qualitative and strength characteristics of building blocks after treatment with a magnetic field with an induction of 0.05 ... 0.50 T are presented in table 4. With an increase in the magnetic field induction, the slag feed rate of a fraction of 3-12 mm used as a filler increases proportionally.

As mixing water, a catholyte with a redox potential of 970-1150 mV with a pH of 10.6 ... 12.8 is fed into a mixer for intensively mixing the components of the composition.

Installation for electrochemical activation of mixing water consists of a housing made of dielectric material. A water supply pipe is mounted in the lid of the installation. The cathode and anode chambers are located in the casing of the installation, which are separated by semipermeable partitions. In the lower part of the casing there are nozzles for water drainage with positive potential (anolyte) and negative potential (catholyte). The nozzles are connected to pipelines for supplying water to the mixer. The nozzles on the unit casing are equipped with valves for changing the flow rate of activated water. During operation of the installation, the flow of water under a pressure of not more than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm ² ) is sent through a water supply pipeline to the installation casing. The treated water enters the cathode and anode chambers. When a potential of 24 V or 36 V is applied to the cathodes and anodes in the chambers, the process of electrolysis of water begins. As a result of this, anolyte with pH = 3.1 ... 4.6 and redox potential (ORP) of + 430 ... 980 mV is obtained in the anode chamber. In the cathode chamber, catholyte with pH = 10.6 ... 12.8 m and ORP in the range of - 970 ... 1150 mV are collected. Either anolyte or catholyte is fed into the mixer.

Table 5 presents the characteristic of mixing water during processing in an electrolyzer with a voltage at the ends of the electrodes 24 V and 36 V.

Table 6 shows the experimental data on the strength of building blocks when feeding mixing water from anolyte with a pH of 3.1-4.6 and an ORP of + 430-980 mV, tap water and catholyte with a pH of 10.6 - 12.8 and ORP equal to - 970-1150 mV.

As a hardener, slag of dry gas purification of steelmaking production of a fraction of 5-100 microns is fed into the mixer. The slag fraction 5-100 microns is activated by a constant magnetic field with an induction of 0.25 ... 0.35 T. The slag fractions of 5.0-100 microns are fed to the inductor at a speed of 0.5 ... 2.5 m / min. With an increase in the speed of the slag feed conveyor of the fraction 5-100 μm, the magnetic field induction from 0.25 Tesla is increased to 0.35 Tesla. Processing of dry gas treatment slag from steelmaking of the 5-100 micron fraction in a magnetic field with induction of 0.25 ... 0.35 T changes the structure of the mixture and the building block as a whole. This qualitatively changes the strength characteristics of the blocks (see table 7).

The described technological operations for activating slag of a fraction of 3-12 mm as a filler and slag of a fraction of 5-100 μm as a hardener, and replace the mixing tap water with catholyte with a pH of 10.6 ... 12.8 with an ORP of 970 ... 1150 mV, are qualitatively at a new level changes the processes of interaction of components of the building composition, chemical reactions and neutralization of the medium to pH 6 ... 7 during curing of the blocks. This ensures nanotechnology that stimulates the occurrence of chemical reactions at the molecular level, and the production of durable mechanical components and environmentally friendly building blocks with dimensions of 190 × 190 × 390 mm.

The above distinguishing features, individually and all together, are aimed at solving the task - the disposal of waste from steelmaking and metallurgical industries and obtaining cheap building material - and are significant. The use of the proposed combination of significant distinguishing features in known levels of technology (methods) and raw material mixtures was not found, therefore, the proposed technology and composition of the raw material mixture meet the patentability criterion of "novelty."

A single set of new essential features with the well-known provides a solution to the problem, is not obvious to specialists in this industry and indicates that the claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "inventive step".

Technological equipment, accessories, installations and apparatuses available in production allow all technological operations to be carried out within the specified limits, i.e. The claimed method meets the criterion of technical productivity and duplication to obtain the above technical result.

Examples of carrying out the invention. The present invention is specifically illustrated by the following examples of the implementation of the claimed method of manufacturing building blocks, preferably from waste from steelmaking and metallurgical industries, which illustrate and characterize the essence of the technology and the raw material mixture, but do not limit the scope of legal use of the invention.

Example 1. The metallurgical slag oxidizing (primary) electric furnace shop No. 1 of CJSC "Volgograd Metallurgical Plant" Red October "by grinding in a ball mill and vibrating screen is divided into fractions in the grinding range of 0-3 mm, 3-12 mm, 12-31 mm , 31-63 mm (see table 1). The content of silty and clay particles does not exceed 3.6% (column 12 of Table 1). The bulk density is 1.76 t / m ³ . Coarse modulus M cr ≥2 (2.16 and 2.40). 18 wt. parts of ground slag fractions up to 3 mm (see raw mix formula in table 8, column 4) are mixed with four parts by weight of spent pickling solution for ferrous metal pickling while removing the oxide film from rolling or drawing metals. The mass is stirred for 15 minutes. In a homogeneous foamed gas of a chemical reaction, a mobile pulp of oxidative (primary) metallurgical slag with a grain size of 0-3 mm and a spent etching solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals with intensive stirring serves 4 mass parts of quartz sand with a particle size M cr ≥2 according to GOST 8736- 85 with a moisture content of 5-8% and, while mixing the mass, 13 mass parts of cement grade M 400 are uniformly fed into it.

According to the data in Table 4 (see lines 5 and 6), the oxidative (primary) slag of the 3-12 mm fraction is activated by a constant magnetic field with induction of 0.25 Tesla, passing the slag of the 3-12 mm fraction through the inductor with a feed rate of 0.5 m / min The specified activated slag fraction 3-12 mm is fed into the mixer as a filler and stirred for 16 minutes (see line 1 of table 9). From 5 to 8 parts of catholyte with a pH of 12.8 and an ORP of 1150 mV are added as mixing water (see the data in Tables 5 and 6). The mixing time of the blowing agent, filler, sand, cement, mixing water (catholyte) is 14 minutes (see table 9). To solidify the equilibrium mass, insoluble oxides of nonmetals and metals from dry gas purification slag of a fraction of 5-100 μm, activated in a magnetic field with an induction of 0.35 T at a feed rate of 0.5 m / min (see table 7) from 8 to 12, are added mass parts to obtain a glassy form of the mixture. The resulting composition was stirred for 15 minutes. When the components are mixed, the macro- and microstructures are polarized, the chemical reactions are intensive and the alkaline medium is suppressed until the mixture is at pH 6 ... 7. This creates a building neutral mixture with the polarization of the molecules of its components. The bulk density of the resulting foamed mass according to the basic technology is 1386 kg / m ³ , and in the claimed method, the blocks have a mass density of 1428 kg / m ³ (see table 8). The compressive strength of blocks in this composition increased from 6.8 to 8.4 MPa, and frost resistance increased from 27 to 31 cycles. Dosing of materials is carried out by volume or weight dispensers. The homogeneity of the sand-slag-cement mixture is affected by both the sequence of loading the mixture components and the duration of mixing.

The raw mix is thoroughly mixed, transported and placed in vibroforms to form building blocks in the form of parallelepipeds with dimensions 190 × 190 × 380 mm and 190 × 390 × 390 mm. Finished products are removed from the vibration form not earlier than 5-7 minutes and incubated for 12-18 hours at a temperature of + 18 ... + 24 ° C. After complete aging of the blocks, they are transported to the consumer. The result is building blocks that meet the requirements of the standard with dimensions of 190 × 190 × 390 mm and 190 × 390 × 390 mm. The setting time of the raw mixture after the introduction of the activated hardener does not exceed 20 minutes (see tab. 8-10).

Example 2. Electric steelmaking slag of workshop No. 1 and workshop No. 2 of ZAO VMZ Krasny Oktyabr as a component in the proposed raw mix is prepared in the same way as in example 1. 15 wt.% Are introduced into the raw mix (see table 8). % cement grade M 400, 5.5 wt.% quartz sand with a particle size modulus M cr ≥2.6 wt.% spent pickling solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals, 21 wt.% magnetic slag activated steelmaking production fraction 0-3 mm, 36 wt.% Activated in a magnetic field slag fraction 3-12 mm as a filling a heating agent, 10 wt.% slag of dry gas purification after magnetic treatment and 8 wt.% catholyte pH 12.8 and ORP - 1150 mV as mixing water.

The mixing time of spent pickling solutions and slag fraction 0-3 mm is 18 minutes. The mixing time of the neutral foam mass (pH up to 7.0) with fillers in the form of sand and slag fraction 3-12 mm activated in a magnetic field is 18 minutes. The mixing time of a homogeneous foamed mass, activated filler and hardener in the form of cement and dry gas cleaning slag of a fraction of 5-100 μm with catholyte pH 12.8 and an ORP of 1150 mV as mixing water is 18 minutes (see table 9). The exposure time of a building mixture activated in a magnetic field in a molding formwork is 9 minutes. The ripening time of the blocks at a temperature of + 20 ... 22 ° C is at least 18 hours (see table 9). The concentration of liquid in the described composition is 14.29 wt.%. The temperature of the raw mix when removed from the mixer is 17.3 ° C. The density of the raw mix is 1420 kg / m ³ (see table 10). The compressive strength in the dry state of the block in the manufacture according to the known technology of 8.9 MPa, and according to the claimed method of 10.9 MPa (see table 8). Frost resistance - 24 cycles according to known technology and 27 cycles in the claimed method. Thus, the presented method and composition are quite acceptable in the manufacture of building blocks involving waste from metallurgical production.

Example 3. In the formulations shown in table 8, an increase in the mass fraction of cement of grade M 400 (respectively 13, 15 and 17 wt.%), Slag of dry gas purification fractions 5-100 μm (respectively 8, 10 and 12 wt.%) Is shown waste sulfuric acid solution (respectively 4, 6 and 8 wt.%), slag of the smelting production fraction 0-3 mm (respectively 18, 21 and 24 wt.%) and a decrease in the mass fraction of slag smelting production from 48 wt.% to 36 and 24 wt.%. This led to an increase in the bulk density of building blocks in the dry state from 1386 to 1479 kg / m ³ . At the same time, the compressive strength of building blocks is increased from 6.8 to 9.2 MPa according to the basic technology (see table 8) and from 8.4 to 11.3 MPa according to the claimed method. Frost resistance of the tested blocks in the known method amounted to 27, 24 and 29 cycles, and the claimed method is 31, 27 and 33 cycles, respectively. The total time to complete the process in the first example was 45 minutes, and in the second example - 54 minutes, in the third example - 56 minutes (see table 9). In all three examples (1, 2, 3, see table 10), the concentration of liquid fractions increases from 9.89 and 14.28 to 16.00 wt.%, Respectively. The strength of the building blocks in both technologies in example 3 reached 9.2 and 11.3 MPa in the dry state of the tested blocks.

Example 4. In the formulation of the building mixture, 9 wt.% Cement of the same grade, 2 wt.% Quartz sand, 10 wt.% Spent sulfuric acid solution, 16 wt.% Reducing slag fraction 0-3 mm, 54 wt.% Oxidative slag are introduced fractions of 3-12 mm as a reservoir, 10 wt.% slag of dry gas purification fractions of 5-100 microns and 8 wt.% catholyte as mixing water. The mixing time of the components is shown in table 9, however, the composition led to the fact that the curing time of the building mixture in vibroform increased to 13 minutes, and the time of complete ripening was 24 hours. Nevertheless, the magnetic treatment of the slag fraction 3-12 mm and 5-100 microns and the introduction of catholyte into the mixture as mixing water (see Table 8) increased the compressive strength of the test blocks from 7.1 MPa to 8.7 MPa, and their frost resistance increased from 21 to 24 cycles. The data presented in tables 8, 9 and 10 indicate that the claimed method is effective and for processing the components in the composition specified in example 4, it has the right to implement, however, the time of the technological cycle significantly increases.

Example 5. Slag electric furnace production as components of the raw material mixture is prepared in the same manner as in examples 1-4. 15 wt.% Cement of grade M 400, 6.5 wt.% Quartz sand, 11 wt.% Solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals, 21.5 wt.% Slag fraction 0-3 are introduced into the composition of the raw material mixture (see table 8) mm, 30 wt.% slag fraction 3-12 mm, 8 wt.% slag dry gas purification fraction 5-100 microns and 8 wt.% mixing water. Table 9 provides information on the time taken to mix the components. In this composition, the time for curing the blocks in the molding formwork and the ripening time of each block in vivo are increased. There is a decrease in the strength of an absolutely dry block and its frost resistance (see the data in tables 8, 9 and 10). However, the same components for the building mixture, activated in a magnetic field with the indicated induction, can significantly change both the strength and frost resistance of the blocks (see lines 11, 12 and 13 of Table 8).

Example 6. The recipe and comparative indicators of the raw mix are shown in table 8. In this mixture, the content of cement grade M 400 is significantly increased to 21 wt.%. With a bulk density of 1436 kg / m ^{3, the} strength of the blocks in the manufacture of the basic technology decreased to 5.2 MPa, and in the manufacture of the claimed method only to 6.4 MPa. The frost resistance of the blocks was 13 and 15 cycles.

Thus, the claimed method of manufacturing building blocks using waste from steelmaking and metallurgical industries is industrially applicable, it contributes to the disposal of slag and pickling solutions of metallurgical production. The manufacture of building blocks with the proposed composition, formulation and activation of components, in comparison with technologies known from the prior art and raw materials mixtures, does not require a major reconstruction of existing production lines.

Cyclone chambers for mixing raw material components, water electrolysis plants, water control devices, conveyors, inductors are widespread. In the proposed compositions as the filler and foaming agent used is activated oxidized electric steelmaking slag (primary). When using activated electric steelmaking reduced (secondary) in the form of a light gray powder, the direct cost of producing building blocks is reduced by 55-68%. Secondary slag requires only fractionation and iron removal.

table 2
The chemical composition of metallurgical wastes of JSC "VMZ" Red October " No. p / p Name of ingredients Sludge of wet gas purifications ESPC-1 and ESPC-2,% Oxidizing slag from the slag yard of ESPC-1 and ESPC - 2,% Slag is restored
solid from the slag yard of ESPC-1 and ESPC-2,% Dross of rolling production,% Sludge - cake SCC,% Dust of ladle furnace ESPC-2,% Gas cleaning dust unorganized -
emissions in the ESPC - 1 (dry gas slag),% one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 one SiO ₂ 7.79 21.3 23.0 11.5 0.8 11.9 7.76 2 MnO 4.37 7.9 U3 1.89 - 5.92 2.29 3 MgO 8.63 14.9 18.1 2,8 1,0 14.3 24.5 four Al ² O ³ 1.06 4.0 7.7 - - - 0.93 5 Fe commonly 0,046 14.9 3,1 46.77 - 17.24 - 6 Ca * 5.77 29.4 42.6 3,5 36.0 * - 21.3 7 FROM - - - 0.13 - - - 8 Cr total 1,5 0.66 0,07 0.7 0.2 0.7 1,0 9 T102 0.122 0.41 - 3.47 - - 0,099 10 FeO 4.77 16.3 2.69 25.5 0.9 - 3.91 eleven Fe ₂ O ₃ 56-61.7 - - - 2.66 - 32.02 12 CaF ₂ 4,54 2.6 4.9 3,7 - - 5.26 13 P - 0.151 0.019 0.04 - - 0.04 fourteen H ₂ O - - - - rest - - fifteen S - 0.09 0.24 - - 15,384 - 16 Fluoride - - - - - 12.3 - 17 Note: * when calcining CaO - 86.9% -

Table 3
Analysis of steelmaking waste at CJSC Volgograd Metallurgical Plant Krasny Oktyabr (according to the central factory laboratory of ZAO VMZ Krasny Oktyabr) No. p / p Name of indicator Mass fraction of the indicator,% Oxidative slag (primary) Recovery slag (secondary) one Iron total (Fe) 7.28 6.58 2 Silica (SiO ₂ ) 22.35 16.35 3 Calcium Oxide (CaO) 26.13 41.17 four Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 20.61 6.43 5 Manganese Oxide (MnO) 2.46 3.48 6 Alumina (Al ₂ O ₂ ) 8.61 7.42

Table 5
Comparative characteristics of mixing water in the anode and cathode chambers No. p / p The name of indicators Electrode voltage 24 V 36 V one Mineralization of water, g / l 1.27 1.27 2 Current strength, A 1.32 1.26 3 Volt-ampere characteristic, W 31.68 45.36 four Water Consumption, l / s (l / h) 11.5 ... 12.0 21.0 ... 24.0 5 The time of electrochemical treatment, min 20 ... 30 15 ... 20 6 Anolyte parameters: pH ORP, mV 4.6 430 ZD 980 7 Parameters of catholyte: pH ORP, mV 10.6 970 12.8 1150 8 Energy consumption, kWh / m ³ 1.1-1.03 0.47-0.63

Table 8
Recipe and comparative indicators of raw mixes No. p / p Components The components of the building mixture in the known analogue, kg The content of components in the compositions, wt.% Rated values Limit values Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Note 6 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 one Cement brand M 400 2.5 13 fifteen 17 9 fifteen 21 2 Sand quartz Micr ≥2.5 1,0 four 5.5 7 2 6.5 eleven 3 Sulfuric Acid Solution - four 6 8 10 eleven 12 four Slag smelting fraction 0-3 mm eighteen 21 24 16 21.5 27 5 Slag smelting fraction 3-12 mm 10.0 48 36 24 54 thirty fourteen 6 Slag smelting fraction 5-100 microns 8 10 12 10 8 6 7 Mixing water 1,5 5 6.5 8 7 8 9 8 Basic technology indicators: dry bulk density, kg / m ² 1066.5 1386 1420 1479 1586 1622 1436 9 The compressive strength in the dry state, MPa 3.8 6.8 8.9 9.2 7.1 6.4 5.2 10 Frost resistance cycle 16 27 24 29th 21 eighteen 13 eleven The performance of the claimed method: bulk mass in the dry state, kg / m ² 1170 1428 1481 1501 1528 1581 1496 12 Compressive strength, MPa 4.7 8.4 10.9 11.3 8.7 7.8 6.4 13 Frost resistance cycle 18,4 31,0 27.4 33.3 24.0 20.7 15.0

Table 9
Technological parameters and formulation of the raw material mixture based on waste from steelmaking of Volgograd Metallurgical Plant Krasny Oktyabr CJSC No. p / p The composition according to the examples in table 8 The mixing time of spent pickling solutions and slag with a fraction of 0-3 mm, min The mixing time of the blowing agent and filler (sand + slag + fractions 3-12 mm), min Mixing time of blowing agent and filler, hardener (cement + slag dry gas purification) and mixing water, min. Formation curing time, min. Ripening time at t = 10 ... 20 ° C, hour Strength in absolutely dry condition, MPa one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 one Example 1 fifteen 16 fourteen 17 16 7.48 2 Example 2 eighteen eighteen eighteen 9 eighteen 9.34 3 Example 3 twenty twenty 16 5 17 9.75 four Example 4 12 10 12 13 24 7.81 5 Example 5 24 12 twenty fifteen thirty 6.72 6 Example 6 10 22 eighteen 10 28 5.51

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing building blocks, including obtaining a composition of cement, silica sand, slag of an electric steelmaking oxidizing or reducing fraction of 0-3 mm, slag of an electric steelmaking dry gas treatment fraction of 5-100 microns, spent etching solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals and water, preparing a blowing agent, loading into the mixer and mixing the dosed components of the composition, supplying water to obtain a water-binding ratio, laying out the mixture in a vibration form, curing, dissolving casing and ripening, characterized in that quartz sand with a fineness modulus Mkr≥2 is fed into a homogeneous gas-filled mobile pulp from oxidative (primary) metallurgical slag with a grain size of 0-3 mm and spent etching solution of sulfuric acid etching of ferrous metals with vigorous stirring , Portland cement, grade M 400, oxidizing (primary) slag of a fraction of 3-12 mm as a filler, activated by a constant magnetic field with induction of 0.15 ... 0.25 T when cinder is fed at a speed of 0.5 ... 2.0 m / min with a redox potential of 970 ... 1150 mV with a pH of 10.6 ... 12.8 as mixing water and slag of dry gas treatment of steelmaking production of a fraction of 5-100 microns as a hardener activated by a constant magnetic field with induction of 0.25 ... 0, 35 T when feeding slag at a speed of 0.5 ... 2.5 m / min.