RU2384990C1 - Method of hayseed additional sowing into turf of hayfields and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes local application of mineral fertilisers, strip milling of soil, sowing of hayseed with covering of seed into upper layer, rolling of soil and tape application of herbicides along strip borders. Soil milling is arranged with bent L-shaped knives with formation of side walls by active working elements. Milling is arranged with width, thickness and height of soil chips of accordingly not more than 5, 10 and 8 cm. In process of milling tightened grooves are formed with size equal to depth of seed covering and width that is less than width of cultivated strips. Seed sowing is carried out by surface method onto compacted bottom with seeding-down at required depth with separated crumbly layer of identical density. Application of herbicides is carried out so that 67…100% of tape width covers non-cultivated strips. Device comprises frame with suspension bracket, gear box and support wheels. On frame there are milling sections installed with bent L-shaped knives, jackets of milling sections, rollers and equipment for application of herbicides. On frame there are also hoppers mounted for mineral fertilisers and seeds with sowing devices, fertiliser and seed lines, fertiliser and seed guides. Equipment for application of herbicides comprises reservoir with working liquid, filter, pump, communications, pressure controller, distribution pipes, pipelines and nozzles. On extreme flanges of milling sections there is a doubled number of knives provided with alternation of straight flat and bent ones. In upper parts of back walls of jackets there are slots provided, and replaceable grids fixed. In lower parts of jackets there are pads provided with ledges.

EFFECT: such technology and design make it possible to improve conditions for development of sown plants and to improve their crop capacity, to reduce energy intensity of technological process and to increase efficiency.

3 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the surface improvement of natural and degenerated seeded fodder land by strip milling of the soil and sowing of perennial leguminous-grasses with local application of mineral fertilizers and herbicides.

A known method of strip seeding of grass in turf, performed by a combined turf seeder, which consists in sowing grass seeds under the casing of the milling sections simultaneously with the application of mineral fertilizers / RU 2204890 C1, AB 49/06, 2001 /.

Its disadvantages include instability of seed sowing in depth and the lack of formation of the side walls of the treated strips.

A known method of sowing herbs in a turf, performed by a combined unit by sowing seeds under the casing and forming the side walls of the treated strips using spring-loaded batteries of passive circular knives / RU 2108698 C1, A01B 49/04, 1996 /. However, the installation of passive disks significantly complicates the design of tillage and sowing modules, worsens their power characteristics and increases the material consumption of the process.

The closest in essence and the achieved result to the proposed method and device for its implementation is a method of sowing herbs, performed by the combined unit according to the patent / RU 2264063 C1, A01B 49/06, 2005 /, which consists in preliminary loosening and presowing milling strips and sowing grass seeds through openers between sections of rollers separately from the process of preparing the soil for sowing.

The disadvantages of the process are the lack of a dense bed for seeds with a shallow-caked soil layer of the same density above it and guaranteed seed placement, a decrease in the depth of seeding with increasing soil moisture (sections of the rollers deepen the coulters due to an increase in their diameter from adhering soils), and unsatisfactory sealing of the turf in lower horizons (due to the deterioration of the turnover of soil shavings when it is cut from a previously cut and loosened formation). The required degree of crumbling of the soil is not always achieved (due to the mismatch of the operating modes and design parameters of the working bodies with the technological parameters of the process) and the competitiveness of seedlings in relation to the natives.

The specified disadvantage significantly reduces the yield of sown herbs.

A device for performing the method has an increased complexity, material consumption and low productivity. The operating modes and design parameters of its tillage and sowing modules do not correspond to the optimal technological parameters of the process. The device also does not contain equipment for local application of herbicides. All this does not provide conditions for the development of sown herbs.

An object of the invention is to obtain the necessary degree of crumbling soil in strips, a dense seed bed, seeding the seeds to the required depth with a finely crusty layer of uniform density, good contact of the seeds with the soil.

The task is carried out by the fact that in the method of sowing grass in the turf of hayfields and pastures, including local application of mineral fertilizers, strip milling of the soil with bent L-shaped knives with the formation of side walls with passive discs, sowing grass seeds with a top dressing, rolling soil and tape the application of herbicides along the borders of the strips, according to the invention, milling is performed with a width, thickness and height of soil shavings of not more than 5, 10 and 8 cm with the formation of active strip walls Static preparation bodies and form a densified depressions value h ₃ equal to the depth of seeding, and the width b _at less than the width b _o of processed strips seeding razbrosnym manner on a sealed bottom with conductor to a desired depth of the separated fine lumpy layer of uniform density, as herbicides is made so that 67 ... 100% of the width of the tapes falls on untreated stripes.

The task is carried out by the fact that in the device for implementing the method, including a frame with a hitch and support wheels, silos for mineral fertilizers and seeds with sowing devices, gearbox, fertilizer and seed tubes, fertilizer and seed guides, milling sections with bent L-shaped knives, casings of the milling sections, coils and equipment for applying herbicides containing a container with a working fluid, filter, pump, communications, pressure regulator, transfer pipes, pipelines and nozzles, according to the invention th at the extreme flanges of milling sections taken twice the number of cutters alternating straight flat and bent in the upper parts of the rear wall covers the slits and fixed removable grille, and in the lower parts of the laths are installed with the projections. In addition, it is equipped with shields rigidly fixed to the casings, in the slots of which, with the restriction of travel, rings are screwed together with rings and screws, with the possibility of limiting vibrations under the dynamic influence of the shields and free vibrations of springs of low rigidity.

New is that milling is performed with a width, thickness and height of soil shavings of not more than 5, 10 and 8 cm with the formation of the walls of the treated strips by active working bodies and the formation of compacted depressions with a value of h ₃ equal to the depth of seed placement and a width b _of less the width b _{o of the} treated strips, sowing seeds in a scattered manner on a sealed bottom with seeding to the required depth with a separated finely crumpled layer of the same density, and herbicides are introduced so that 67 ... 100% of the width of the tapes falls on the untreated floor wasps.

What is new is that on the extreme flanges of the milling sections doubled number of knives is placed with alternating straight flat and bent, cuts are made in the upper parts of the rear walls of the casings and replaceable grilles are fixed, and lining with protrusions are installed in the lower parts. In addition, it is equipped with shields rigidly fixed to the casings, in the slots of which, with the restriction of travel, rings and screws are articulated with seed guides with the possibility of limiting vibrations under the dynamic action of the shields and free vibrations of springs of low rigidity.

Thus, the claimed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

The inventive method and device are connected by a single inventive concept, since it is such an embodiment of the device that ensures the implementation of this method.

The proposed method meets the criterion of “inventive step” in connection with the achievement of a result that meets the need to create conditions for strip sowing of grass in the sod: the necessary degree of crumbling of the soil in the strips, a dense seed bed, seeding the seeds to the required depth with a finely crumpled layer of uniform density, good seed contact with the soil.

The invention is “industrially applicable”, as it is based on the use of the UES-210/280 class 3 universal energy facility being developed under the program of the Union State (with an engine power of 210 ... 280 hp, a mass of about 7 tons and high attachment capacity) with two hitchholes and two power take-off shafts, allowing soil cultivation and sowing of grass seeds simultaneously with local application of mineral fertilizers and herbicides on a large number of strips with a significant reduction in the number of seed refueling s, fertilizers and herbicides (thanks to the emergence of the possibility of increasing the capacities for these materials), which will contribute to a significant increase in productivity of sowing of grasses in turf.

A device for performing the proposed method is aggregated with a powerful universal energy source and contains containers for seeds, mineral fertilizers and herbicides with sowing devices, seed and fertilizer pipelines, equipment for local application of fertilizers and herbicides, tillage and sowing modules. Tillage-sowing modules consist of casings (with front, side and rear walls), milling sections with L-shaped knives, fertilizer and seed guides and differ in that the milling sections are made 2- (with the width of the processed strips no more than 10 cm) and 3-flanged (with a strip width of not more than 20 cm), and the working width and the working length of the knives are respectively no more than 5 and 8 cm, the extreme flanges are equipped (for forming the side walls of the strips) with active working bodies (in the form of straight flat knives alternating with L-shaped), rear ste ki housings have at the bottom lining with special protrusions (depressions for sealing the middle lanes), and at the top - removable grille (for the separation of fine particles projected soil knives); shields are installed on the side walls of the casing (between the casings and rollers) (to protect small soil particles thrown through the gratings from the wind and attaching seed guides); The seed guides pivotally attached to the guards have the ability to oscillate with the help of springs within certain limits from the dynamic action of the casings and to perform the spreading of the seeds.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 - diagram to the description of the proposed method; figure 2 - device for implementing the method, side view; figure 3 - device for implementing the method, a top view; figure 4 - tillage and sowing module, side view; 5 - fastening of the seed guide to the flap of the tillage-sowing module, view along arrow A; 6 - fastening of the seed guide to the flap of the tillage-sowing module, view along arrow B; Fig.7 - tillage and sowing module, top view; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a drive of active working bodies of tillage and sowing modules; Fig.9 - milling sections of tillage and sowing modules, top view; figure 10 is a milling section of a tillage-sowing module, side view; 11 is an overlay on the lower part of the rear wall of the casing of the tillage-sowing module.

Improved land is mainly weakly grained with a thickness of turf (thickness of the sod layer) of not more than 4 cm. Milling is the process of cutting soil chips from a monolith. Long-term studies of VIM found that for thoroughly incorporating turf into the lower layers (more than 85%), the processing depth (or chip height) should be 4 cm more than the turf thickness, i.e. not more than 8 cm. In order to achieve the required degree of crumbling (the content of fractions up to 2.5 and 5 cm, respectively 70 ... 80 and more than 90%), the width and thickness (approximately equal to the feed rate to the knife S) of soil chips should not exceed 5 and 10 cm

The proposed method is as follows. In the areas corresponding to the midpoints of the milled strips, mineral fertilizers 1 are applied by surface spreading before processing, then they are then repaired with knives over the entire depth h. Soil cultivation in strips with a width of _about (the optimum value is 10 ... 20 cm) is carried out by L-shaped knives, cutting chips with a width of not more than 5 cm, a thickness of not more than 10 cm and a height (h _c = h) of not more than 8 cm; and the formation of the side walls - the joint work of straight flat and L-shaped knives. After that, on the surface of the treated strips, compacted recesses are made with a width of _y , less than _about , and a depth of h ₃ (equal to the depth of seed placement). Grass seeds 3 are sown on dense bed 2 by uniformly scattering, which are then covered with a fine-grained (particle size 5 ... 30 mm) layer of the same density with a thickness somewhat greater than the depth of h ₃ , sealed on top by rolling (created density 0.9 ... 1.0 g / cm ³ ), which ensures good contact of the seeds with the soil and the influx of moisture to the seed bed. Local application of herbicides (after treatment) with a zone width of _g = 10 ... 5 cm is carried out along the borders of the treated and untreated strips, with 67 ... 100% in _g being untreated.

A device for implementing the pre-sowing method consists of frames 4 and 5, respectively, of the rear-mounted and front-mounted machines with linkage mechanisms, two-section bins 6 and 7 for fertilizers and seeds with sowing devices, and a gearbox 8 for changing seed rates and fertilizing doses, support wheels 9 with chain transmissions 10 to gearboxes 8, tuco-11 and seed tubes 12 with tuco-13 and seed guides 14, tillage and sowing modules 15, drive 16 of active working bodies of tillage and sowing modules, capacity 17 with a working fluid for applying the herbicides and a filter 18, a cardan transmission 19 of the frontal machine, a gearbox 20, a pump 21, communications 22, a pressure regulator 23, transfer pipes 24, pipelines 25, nozzles 26 and casings 27 to them.

The soil-cultivating and sowing module includes milling sections 28, a shaft 29 of the reduction gear of the milling sections, a casing 30 of the milling sections, a rear wall 31 of the casing 30 with shields 32, trellises 33 and overlays 34, seed guides 35, spools 36, guides 37, rings 38 for attaching seed guides 35 to guards 38, sliding sleeves 39 of the seed guide 35, springs 40 with casings 41, screws 42 for hinging the seed guide 35 to the rings 38, and pressure rods 43 ... 45.

The drive of the active working bodies of the tillage and sowing modules contains a cardan gear 46 of the rear mounted machine, a central gearbox 47, a transfer shaft 48, intermediate gearboxes 49, shafts 29 of gearboxes of the milling sections, gearboxes 50 of the milling sections, shafts 51 of the milling sections, milling sections 28.

The milling sections of the tillage and sowing modules are made in the form of drums 52 and 53, on the flanges of which straight flat 54 and bent 55 knives are installed.

The needle guides 37 are fixed rigidly in front of the milling sections 28 in the longitudinally vertical plane of their symmetry, and the seed guides 35 are pivotally mounted in the slots of the flaps 32 with fixing by screws 42 in the rings 38 and are able to oscillate from the dynamic effects of the flaps 32 and free vibrations of the springs 40 transmitted to the seed guides 35 through the sliding bushings 39.3 the rear wall 32 of the casing 30 has cutouts in the upper part for installing gratings 33 for separating small particles of soil, and in the lower part there is a special patch for creating a compact GOVERNMENTAL recesses soil before sowing. The width b _{at the} tabs 56 of the lining should be less than the width b _{o of the} treated strips, but equal to or slightly greater than the width b _{to the} roller 36, i.e. b _about > b _at ≥b _to . The length of the tabs 56 lining depends on the depth of h _h seeds and the angle α of the back wall of the casing to the horizontal plane and is determined by the formula l = h ₃ / sinα.

и изменять ее положение относительно нижней кромки 57 задней стенки кожуха и закреплять в нужном месте. Решетки 33 (см. фиг.7) выполняются сменными с расстояниями между смежными прутками 10, 20 и 30 мм. Решетки с большим расстоянием между прутками ставятся при обработке более влажной почвы. Барабаны 52 и 53 фрезерных секций при ширине обрабатываемой полосы b_о≤100 мм необходимо изготавливать 2-фланцевыми, а при b_o≤200 мм - 3-фланцевыми, чтобы ширина захвата отогнутых ножей 55 не превышала 50 мм. Для формирования боковых стенок обрабатываемых полос на крайних фланцах устанавливается увеличенное количество ножей путем чередования прямых плоских и отогнутых Г-образных ножей, причем глубина обработки первых несколько меньше последних.It is advisable to have a pad with a maximum protrusion length

and change its position relative to the lower edge 57 of the rear wall of the casing and secure in the right place. Lattices 33 (see Fig. 7) are removable with distances between adjacent rods 10, 20 and 30 mm. Lattices with a large distance between the rods are placed when processing wetter soil. The drums 52 and 53 of the milling sections with a machined strip width b _о ≤100 mm must be made 2-flanged, and with b _o ≤200 mm - 3-flanged so that the grip width of the bent knives 55 does not exceed 50 mm. To form the side walls of the processed strips on the extreme flanges, an increased number of knives is installed by alternating straight flat and bent L-shaped knives, and the depth of processing of the former is somewhat less than the latter.

When the rear-mounted machine is lowered to the operating position, the PTO is engaged and the translational motion, the unit performs the following process. Mineral fertilizers from the bunkers 6 come through sowing machines and pipelines to the fertilizer guides 37 and are scattered on the soil surface in front of the milling sections 28. Bent knives 55 of the milling sections 28 cut soil chips with a width and thickness and height of respectively 5, 10 and 8 cm, providing the necessary degree of crumbling of the soil in the strips, forming together with straight flat knives the side walls of the strips and closing up mineral fertilizers. Large soil lumps thrown away by knives of the milling sections 28 additionally crumble, hitting the rear wall of the casing, accumulate and align with the lower edge 57 of the casing. The protrusions 56 of the pads 34 under the influence of the pressure rods 43 create sealed recesses (width b _at ≤b _о and depth h ₃ equal to the depth of seed placement). Grass seeds coming from the hoppers 7 through the sowing apparatus and pipelines to vibrating under the dynamic influence of the flaps 32 and springs 40 to the seed guide 35, they are uniformly scattered along the bottom of the sealed recesses. Small lumps of soil discarded by knives 55 of the milling sections 28 along a parabolic trajectory fly between the bars of the gratings 33 and cover the grass seeds sown with seed guides 35 in an even layer. The rollers running behind them compact the upper layer under the influence of the knife rods 44 and 45, providing good contact of the seeds with the soil and the influx of moisture to the seed bed. The working fluid with the herbicides is pumped from the tank 17 through the filter 18 driven by the PTO through the cardan gear 19 and the gearbox 20 by the pump 21, it comes after communications 22 to the pressure regulator 23, from where it is pumped into the transfer pipes 24 and pipelines 25 to the nozzles 26. The nozzles 26 are placed the width of the grip of the unit so that mainly parts of the untreated strips adjacent to the treated ones are sprayed to improve the competitiveness of seedlings.

The implementation of the invention will significantly improve the quality of the technological process of sowing grass in the turf of hayfields and pastures due to sowing seeds on a dense bed with embedding them at a predetermined depth with an even fine crumbly layer, and creating good contact of seeds with soil and increasing the competitiveness of seedlings to Aborigines. Ultimately, this will provide improved conditions for the development of seeded plants and increase their productivity. The implementation of the device for the implementation of the proposed method on the basis of the universal energy UES 210/280 with engine power of 210 ... 280 hp and sufficient outfit will allow you to have a significant number of processed strips (up to 20), a large working width (up to 12 m), high productivity and resource saving at low labor costs and low specific energy consumption.

Claims (3)

1. The method of sowing grass in the turf of hayfields and pastures, including local application of mineral fertilizers, strip milling of the soil with bent L-shaped knives with the formation of side walls, sowing grass seeds with seeding in the upper layer, rolling soil and tape application of herbicides along the borders of strips, different the fact that the milling is performed with the width, thickness and height of soil chips, respectively, not more than 5, 10 and 8 cm, and the formation of the walls of the processed strips is carried out by active working bodies with the formation of relative recesses with a size equal to the depth of seeding of seeds and a width less than the width of the treated strips, and the seeds are sown in a scattered manner on a sealed bottom with seeding to the required depth with a separated finely crumpled layer of the same density, and herbicides are introduced so that 67 ... 100% of the width of the ribbons untreated stripes. 2. A device for sowing grass into the turf of hayfields and pastures, including a frame with a hitch and support wheels, hoppers for mineral fertilizers and seeds with sowing devices, a gearbox, fertilizer and seed tubes, fertilizer and seed guides, milling sections with bent L-shaped knives, casings of the milling sections, coils and equipment for applying herbicides, containing a container with a working fluid, filter, pump, communications, pressure regulator, transfer pipes, pipelines and nozzles, characterized in that on the extreme flanges of the milling x sections housed twice the number of knives with alternating straight flat and bent, and in the upper parts of the rear walls of the casings, slots are made and replaceable grilles are fixed, and lining with protrusions are installed in the lower parts of the casings. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with shields rigidly fixed on the casings, in the slots of which, with the stroke limited by rings and screws, seed guides are pivotally mounted with the possibility of limiting vibrations under the dynamic action of the shields and free vibrations of low-spring .

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