RU2378450C1 - Hydraulic structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: gabion structure is made of coupled gabions, baskets of which are made of wire mesh and filled with stony material. On discharge surface of gabion structure there is web and gasket arranged. Web is made of polymer film, which creates antifiltering element, or from geotextile, which creates anti-suffosion element. Gasket is made of wire mesh and is installed between web and discharge surface of gabion structure. The following condition is fulfilled: ω_cw<ω_cb, where ω_cw is inner area of gasket wire mesh cell; ω_cb is inner area of gabion basket wire mesh cell. It is preferable to fulfill the following condition: 9ω_cw≤ω_cb. Wire mesh of gasket may be braided, or twisted, or woven. Structure, if made of polymer film, may contain additional gasket, made of geotextile and installed between polymer film and wire mesh of gasket.

EFFECT: improved reliability of structure, reduction of costs for its erection and expansion of its application field.

6 cl, 3 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to construction, mainly to hydraulic structures containing gabion structures, and can be used to create dams, dams, spillways, industrial pools, canals and other shore protection, anti-erosion and enclosing structures.

A hydraulic structure is known, made in the form of a gabion dam, the body and the water-bearing part of which are masonry made of gabions interconnected by a wire, the baskets of which are made of wire mesh and filled with stone material. In this case, the anti-filtration element in such a dam is a raised prism erected from soil or a waterproof facing of the upper edge of the dam made of concrete or asphalt concrete (Hydrotechnical structures: Textbook for universities: At 2 hours, Part 1 / L.N. Rasskazov, V. G. Orekhov, Yu.P. Pravdivtsev et al .; Edited by L.N. Rasskazov. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1999, S.109-410).

The disadvantages of such a structure are the high costs and lack of reliability due to the large amount of work on the construction of an unproductive horse riding prism and the complexity of the work on the quality performance of concrete or asphalt concrete lining.

A hydraulic structure is known for anti-erosion protection of steep slopes, including drop-spillways made of gabions interconnected by wire, baskets of which are made of wire mesh and filled with stone material. At the same time, under each drop-spillway, an anti-suffusion element in the form of a geotextile fabric is laid (RU 2332541 C1, 08.28.2008).

The drawback of such a structure is due to the large size of the mesh cells of the gabion basket and its lack of reliability due to the insecurity of the geotextile fabric from possible damage by parts of the stone material protruding from the mesh cells and from overvoltage of the geotextile fabric when it dips through the mesh cells into the deep pores of the stone material.

A hydraulic structure is known in which mesh gabion baskets are filled with sandy soil in individual synthetic packaging in the form of bags (VSN-APK 2.30.05.001-2003. Land reclamation. Guidelines for the protection of lands disturbed by water erosion. Gabion structures of anti-erosion structures / Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. - M ., 2003. Appendix A, paragraph A.1.5).

In such a structure, the pressure surface of the gabion structure has a more even appearance, which creates favorable working conditions for the canvas made of geosynthetic material. However, in such a structure, firstly, the work on its creation is complicated, and secondly, the durability of the synthetic packaging must correspond to the durability of the basket, i.e. the durability of the structure as a whole, and thirdly, if one of the sides of the gabion structure is directly paired with the stone material of the backfill, the synthetic packaging may be damaged by this backfill. All this leads to an increase in costs when creating a structure and does not provide its sufficient reliability.

A hydraulic structure is known, it is also the closest one containing a gabion structure made of interconnected gabions whose baskets are made of wire mesh and filled with stone material, and a geosynthetic sheet located on the pressure surface of the gabion structure. This web can be made of a polymer film forming an anti-filter element, or of geotextile forming an anti-suffusion element (ibid., Appendix A).

The disadvantages of such a hydraulic structure are its lack of reliability, high construction costs and insufficient use. These disadvantages are due to the fact that the fabric made of geosynthetic material (polymer film, geotextile) is not protected from possible punctures from the parts of the stone material protruding from the mesh cells of the gabion basket, and from overvoltage of the geosynthetic fabric when it dips through the mesh cells into deep pores of stone material. These circumstances cause an unacceptably large thickness for the canvas.

In the Russian Federation, grids with cells smaller than 80 × 100 mm are not yet produced for gabion structures. Baskets of such nets are filled with stone with dimensions of at least 100-150 mm. The existing methodology for calculating the thickness of a polymer film cannot be used without refinement to calculate a sheet covering the pressure (loaded with water and / or soil) surface of a gabion structure (Recommendations for the design and construction of anti-filter devices from polymer roll materials. - St. Petersburg Research Institute of AKH named after K. D.Pamfilova, 1999). However, from the indicated methodology it follows that under the same conditions the thickness of the polymer film (membrane) δ is directly proportional to the minimum size of the maximum soil fraction d _f .

With respect to the gabion structure, it seems possible to link the size of the indicated fraction of soil with the maximum size of the part of the stone protruding from the mesh of the basket, i.e. with the mesh cell size, and based on the cell area calculate the size d _f . This allows us to conclude that the thickness of the polymer film δ is directly proportional to the square root of the cell area ω _{i of the} grid, directly adjacent to the polymer film. For example, with a decrease in the area of the mesh cell ω _{i by} 9 times, the thickness of the polymer film will decrease by 3 times.

We come to the same conclusion when considering the operation of a polymer film as a membrane that overlaps a mesh cell located against a large pore of a stone material.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the reliability of the structure, reduce costs and expand the field of use, and the technical result achieved by this is to create a more even pressure surface of the gabion structure on which the web made of geosynthetic material is located.

This problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the hydraulic structure contains a gabion structure made of interconnected gabions, the baskets of which are made of wire mesh and filled with stone material, and a sheet located on the pressure surface of the gabion structure and made of a polymer film, forming an anti-filtration element, or from geotextile forming an anti-suffusion element. At the same time, according to the invention, such a structure comprises a gasket made of wire mesh and located between the web and the pressure surface of the gabion structure. In this case, the condition is fulfilled: ω _yn <ω _yk , where ω _yn is the cell area of the wire mesh of the gasket in the light; ω _yak is the cell area of the wire mesh of the gabion basket in the light.

Additionally:

- condition: 9ω _Jap ≤ω _yak;

- the wire mesh of the strip can be woven, or twisted, or woven;

- the structure, in the case of the fabric of the polymer film, may contain an additional gasket made of geotextile and located between the polymer film and the wire mesh of the gasket.

It is the location between the web and the pressure surface of the gabion design of the gasket made of wire mesh, the mesh sizes of which are smaller than the mesh sizes of the gabion basket, that allows you to create a more even pressure surface on the gabion structure. This allows you to increase the reliability of the structure, reduce costs and expand the scope of its use. However, the introduction of the construction of the gasket complicates the construction. Therefore, it is advisable to use the gasket if it provides a reduction in the thickness of the web, usually three or more times, i.e. provided 9ω _Jap ≤ω _yak.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a cross-section of a half-tier erected bursts of the enclosing dam at the time of incomplete filling of the hydraulic dump with waste (tailings), example 1;

figure 2 is a cross section of a "typical" channel trays and spillways of gabions, example 2;

figure 3 - types of wire mesh for laying in accordance with GOST 2715-75: a - wicker; b - twisted; in - woven.

Example 1. A hydraulic structure is a dam located on a prepared foundation 1, which in cross section contains a half-erected wall 2 that separates a half-erected lower thrust prism 3 from the half-washed dusty tails 4. These tails 4 are washed from the dam, hold the wall 2 in an upright position and after lying form a high-quality stable thrust prism 5 of the dam.

Wall 2 is made of interconnected gabions 6, baskets 7 of which are box-shaped, made of wire mesh (the grid is not shown in the drawings) and filled with stone material 8. On the pressure (top) surface 9 of wall 2 there is a sheet 10, which is made up of tapes 11 made of a polymer film always exceed the level of the tails 4 in front of the wall 2 and form a waterproof anti-filter element.

Each tape 11 of the blade 10 forms a tier of the anti-filtration element within the tier of the wall 2, usually consisting of 3 rows of gabions 5 located one above the other. The tapes 11 are connected by an overlap 12 along the height of the wall 2. Between each tape 11 and the pressure surface 9 of the wall 2 is located gasket 13 made of wire mesh. The gasket 13 is also located in the bottom wall 2. Wire mesh pads 13 may be braided or twisted or woven (3), wherein the following condition is satisfied: ω _nn <ω _yak, 9ω _Jap ≤ω _yak, where _nn ω - area of cell 14 wire mesh laying in the light (figure 3); ω _yak is the cell area of the wire mesh of the gabion basket in the light (the cell is not shown in the drawings).

If necessary, the polymer film of the tape 11 on one side or both can be enclosed in geotextiles. The dam contains a film antifiltration coating 15 of the base 1 in front of the wall 2, the base 1 of the wall 2 and the drain 16. The drain 16 is located at the base of the lower thrust prism 3 and is connected to the tail hydrotransport system via a discharge pipe 17.

The gasket 13 complicates the construction of the structure, however, this is usually justified when the gasket 13 reduces the thickness of the web 10 by about three or more times.

In the drawings, other elements of the dam are indicated, namely:

18 - bags filled with soil;

19 - pulp line;

20 - issues;

21 - a given level of tailings in the tier;

22 - the final level of the dam;

23, 24 and 25 - queues for building the dam;

26 - anchor element;

h _clear - the height of the tier of the wall;

h _g - gabion height;

h _yap - the height of the tier of the dam (its lower persistent prism);

h _yah - the height of the tier of alluvial tailings;

α is the angle of inclination of the wall.

The dam is erected in a belt in the following sequence.

First, on the prepared base 1 of the wall 2, an anti-filtration coating 15 and a gasket 13 are laid. Then, from the gabions 6, the first (lower) tier of the wall 2 is erected with a height h _clear = 3h _g , where h _g is the height of the gabion 6. This height of the tier of the wall h _{clear is} usually equal to the height of the dam tier h _yap , or rather the tier of its lower thrust prism 3. Each gabion 6 is formed by filling baskets 7 with stone material.

Gabions 6 in the tier are connected to each other, on each side of the wall 2, an anti-filtration coating 15 is laid on the base 1 and drainage 16 is carried out with a discharge pipe 17. Then, local soil, for example, sandy and / or clay, is laid in layers in the lower thrust prism 3 and the pressure (top) surface 9 of the wall 2 is covered with a gasket 13 and a tape 11 made of a polymer film and forming an anti-filter web 10. The lower edge of the tape 11 is mated with an anti-filter coating 15 by means of an overlap 12, and the upper aspolagayut wall erected on tier 2, wherein the tape 11 is fixed local soil filled bags 18. Simultaneously, the bags 18 on the wall of a slurry pipeline tier 2 with the 19 outlets 20. Thereafter carried alluvium tails 4 on the first (lower) stage height h _s to a predetermined level 21, which completes the construction of the first tier of the enclosing dam.

Next, the tailings 4 are washed from the opposite side of the hydraulic dump, and on the considered section, the wall 2 is freed from the slurry line 19 and the subsequent tier of the enclosing dam is erected, which is necessary for the subsequent washing of the tailing tier 4. Each time, the tape 11 is mated with the downstream tape 11 by means of an overlap 12 and building the soil part of the dam to its final level 22 is carried out from the outside in bursts: 23 — the first turn and 24 and 25 — the subsequent bursts.

The main feature of the operation of such a semi-erected enclosing dam when filling the tailings with the tailings is as follows.

1. The tape 11 of the canvas 10, made of a polymer film, is pressed by the tails 4 to the gasket 13, made in the form of a wire mesh, the size of the cell 14 (figure 3) which is limited, for example 10-20 mm, which determines the thickness δ of the polymer film usually no more than 1-2 mm.

2. Active pressure on the wall from the side of unconsolidated tails is about 3-4 times higher than the active soil pressure from the dam.

3. Water that has penetrated through the web 10 is drained by the wall 2, is collected by the drainage 16 and the discharge pipe 15 is sent to the tail hydrotransport system.

Example 2. A hydraulic structure is a “typical” gabion structure of an artificial channel of a channel channel or spillway located in the host soil 27. This gabion structure in accordance with the previously cited prototype source (VSN-APK 2.30.05.001-2003. Appendix A, p. A.2.5, Fig. A.9) is composed of boxed gabions and mattresses, which are indicated by the positions and have the following dimensions in meters - length L, width B and height H:

28 - gabion 2 × 1 × 1;

29 - gabion 1.5 × 1 × 1;

30 - gabion 2 × 1 × 0.5;

31 - mattress 3 × 2 × 0.3.

On the surface 32 of the gabion structure from the side of the soil 27 and the base 1, a web 10 is located, which is made of geotextile 33 and forms an anti-suffusion element. Moreover, between the web 10 and the surface 32, all or most of it, is a gasket 13 made of wire mesh, similar to that described in example 1.

In the conditions of permafrost soils of the base 1, the blade 10 should be made of a polymer film forming an anti-filtration element that protects the soils from washing them with water and, therefore, from intensive defrosting.

Examples 1 and 2 describe the most simple and preferred options for hydraulic structures. Various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

Designations

1 - base

2 - wall (dam)

3 - bottom persistent prism (dam)

4 - tails

5 - riding persistent prism (dam)

6 - gabion

7 - basket (gabion)

8 - stone material (in gabion)

9 - pressure surface (walls)

10 - canvas

11 - tape (canvas)

12 - overlap (tapes)

13 - gasket (mesh)

14 - cell (wire mesh gaskets)

15 - antifiltration coating (base)

16 - drainage

17 - outlet pipe

18 - bags filled with soil;

19 - pulp line;

20 - issues;

21 - a given level of tailings in the tier;

22 - the final level of the dam;

23, 24 and 25 - queues for building the dam;

26 - anchor element;

h _clear - the height of the tier of the wall;

h _g - gabion height;

h _yap - the height of the tier of the dam (its lower persistent prism);

h _yah - the height of the tier of alluvial tailings;

α is the angle of inclination of the wall;

27 - soil;

28 - gabion 2 × 1 × 1;

29 - gabion 1.5 × 1 × 1;

30 - gabion 2 × 1 × 0.5;

31 - mattress 3 × 2 × 0.3;

32 - surface of the gabion structure (from the ground);

33 - geotextiles.

Claims (6)

1. A hydraulic structure containing a gabion structure made of interconnected gabions, baskets of which are made of wire mesh and filled with stone material, and a sheet located on the pressure surface of the gabion structure and made of a polymer film forming an anti-filter element, or of geotextile, forming an anti-suffusion element, characterized in that it contains a gasket made of wire mesh and located between the web and the pressure surface gabion construction, while the condition
ω _yp <ω _yk ,
where ω _n - the cell area of the wire mesh laying in the light;
ω _yak is the cell area of the wire mesh of the gabion basket in the light. 2. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the condition
9ω _yp ≤ω _yak 3. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire mesh of the strip is made of wicker. 4. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire mesh strip is made of twisted. 5. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire mesh strip is made of woven. 6. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that if it is made of a web of polymer film, it contains an additional gasket made of geotextile and located between the polymer film and the wire mesh of the gasket.

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