RU2371301C1 - Method of rolling with controlled load - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of metal plastic working, in particular to treatment with surface plastic deformation. Rotary motion is imparted to treated stock, and longitudinal feed is imparted to deforming tool. Deforming tool is used, which comprises body, at least three deforming elements that are hingedly and movably connected to body and loading device. Each deforming element is hingedly fixed in its loading device, arranged in the form of lever, with execution of loading with the help of cylindrical helical compression spring that acts at one end of lever, and resting against adjustment nut. Adjustment nut is screwed into bracket, rigidly fixed on body, and with its other end lever is hingedly fixed with the help of axis in body and cheek attached to body at the distance controller with spacer bushes. At that adjustment is carried out for a processed diametre of stock, as well as a required tension with the help of trust screw screwed into its bracket.

EFFECT: device design is simplified, its reliability and efficiency of processing are improved, and also provides for high accuracy of processing.

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Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the processing of surface plastic deformation (PPD) of cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw surfaces with adjustable load on each deforming element of the tool.

The known method, implemented by a three-roller device, rolling in non-rigid shafts, consisting of a holder with rollers, pivotally connected to the housing, which is mounted on a machine support [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the limited application, narrow specialization (only for cylindrical surfaces) and low productivity, while to obtain high quality it is necessary to create large working forces, and this requires the use of rollers with a large profile radius, which negatively affects the overall dimensions and not always feasible. Moreover, the device does not have the ability to control the location of the deforming elements relative to each other in the longitudinal direction, as well as to control the load on each deforming element separately.

The objective of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of PPD by providing a rolling treatment for cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw outer surfaces, as well as reducing costs, increasing productivity and improving manufacturing quality.

The problem is solved by using the proposed method of rolling cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw surfaces with an adjustable load on the deforming elements of the tool, in which the workpiece is informed of rotational movement, and the deforming tool containing the body and deforming elements in an amount of at least three is articulated and movable connected to the housing, they report a longitudinal feed movement, with each deforming element provided with a loading device, made in the form of a lever, with a deforming element pivotally mounted in it, the loading is carried out by a cylindrical compression screw spring acting on one end of the lever and resting on the adjusting nut, which is screwed into the bracket, rigidly fixed to the housing, and the other end of the lever is articulated with the axis is fixed in the housing and the cheek attached to the housing at a distance controlled by spacer sleeves, moreover, the adjustment to the diameter to be machined and the necessary tightness is made by a thrust screw, which th screwed into its bracket.

The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the proposed method of rolling in the screw of a screw pump device, General view; figure 2 - design of a device that implements the proposed method, a transverse partial section; figure 3 is a longitudinal section aa in figure 2; figure 4 is a variant of the location of the deforming rollers of the same profile with the same loading force, shifted in the longitudinal direction relative to each other; figure 5 is a variant of the location of the deforming rollers of the same profile with different load forces, shifted in the longitudinal direction relative to each other; Fig.6 is a variant of the location of the deforming rollers with a different profile and with the same loading force, shifted in the longitudinal direction relative to each other.

The proposed method relates to the processing of a multi-element deforming tool with an adjustable load on the deforming elements - rollers and is used for surface plastic deformation (PPD) - rolling and hardening of the cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw outer surfaces of the shafts 1, which inform the rotational movement of V ₃ relative to its own longitudinal axis and longitudinal feed S _PR device 2.

Implementing the proposed method, the device 2 contains a housing consisting of a vertical rack and a horizontal base, combined in a L-shaped form. The rack of the case has a Central hole for free passage through it of the workpiece. To the rack of the case with screws 3, a cheek 4 is attached at a distance controlled by spacer sleeves 5.

Between the cheek 4 and the rack of the housing are deforming elements, for example, in the form of rollers 6, in an amount of at least three. The deforming elements 6 are pivotally connected to the rack of the housing and each of them is equipped with a loading device.

The loading device is made in the form of a lever 7, in the middle part of which a deforming element 6 is pivotally mounted on the axis 8. The deformation element 6 is loaded with a cylindrical compression screw spring 9 acting on one end of the lever 7. The spring 9 is mounted between the lever 7 and the adjustment a nut 10, which is screwed into the bracket 11, rigidly mounted on the rack of the housing. To prevent longitudinal deflection of the spring 9, a rod 12 is pivotally mounted inside it.

At the other end, the lever 7 is pivotally mounted using the axis 13 in the rack of the body and cheek 4.

The setting of the deforming element 6 to the diameter to be machined and the necessary interference is carried out by a stop screw 14, which is screwed into its bracket 15, which is rigidly fixed to the housing rack.

Work on the proposed method is as follows.

When finishing surface plastic deformation by rolling in a billet of a shaft 1 with a variable cross-section (for example, a screw of a screw pump having a profile and dimensions D, D ₁ , t shown in Fig. 1) by a device (see Figs. 3-4), it is fixed in the cartridge 16 of the spindle 17 of the headstock 18, the device is brought in and the free end of the screw blank is inserted into the rack hole, and the center 19 of the tailstock 20 is pressed. The workpiece is informed of a rotational movement V _s . The speed of rotation of the workpiece is set depending on the required performance, design features of the workpiece and equipment. Typically, the speed is 30 ... 150 m / min.

The device is informed of a longitudinal feed S _pr in one direction of not more than 0.1 ... 3.0 mm / rev. The optimal supply S _pr ^about is determined by the formula:

S _ol ^o = kS _e ,

where k is the number of deforming elements;

S _e - feed on one deforming element, is adopted for rollers no more - 0.02 ... 0.10 mm / rev

When switching to processing of another shaft size in the device, it is sufficient to replace the deforming elements.

Thanks to the possibilities of regulating the location of deforming elements relative to each other in the longitudinal direction implemented in the proposed method and device, as well as adjusting the load on each lever with the deforming element separately, the technological capabilities of the PPD have expanded. The following setup options are of interest.

1. Three deforming elements - rollers of the same profile (r ₁ = r ₂ = r ₃ ) are installed in the same transverse plane (see Fig. 2, 3) and the same load is communicated to all rollers (P ₁ = P ₂ = P ₃ ).

2. Three deforming elements - a roller - of the same profile (r ₁ = r ₂ = r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (see figure 4), i.e. the rollers are longitudinally shifted relative to each other, and the same load is imparted to all the rollers (P ₁ = P ₂ = P ₃ ).

3. Three deforming elements - roller - of the same profile (r ₁ = r ₂ = r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (see figure 5), ie the rollers are longitudinally shifted relative to each other and loaded with different forces

(P ₁ ≠ P ₂ ≠ P ₃ ; for example, P ₁ <P ₂ <P ₃ ).

4. Three deforming elements - a roller - of different profiles (r ₁ ≠ r ₂ ≠ r ₃ ; for example, r ₁ <r ₂ <r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (see Fig.6), ie the rollers are longitudinally shifted relative to each other, and the same load is imparted to all the rollers (P ₁ = P ₂ = P ₃ ).

5. Three deforming elements - a roller - of different profiles (r ₁ ≠ r ₂ ≠ r ₃ ; for example, r ₁ <r ₂ <r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (not shown), ie the rollers are longitudinally shifted relative to each other, and different rollers are given a different load (P ₁ ≠ P ₂ ≠ P ₃ ; P ₁ <P ₂ <P ₃ ).

Changing the position of the deforming elements - rollers - relative to each other in the longitudinal direction allows you to increase the processing productivity of the workpieces, and a different degree of loading of the deforming elements allows you to change, reduce the height of the microroughness of the processed surface. By changing these parameters of the device, the required parameters of the processed surface are achieved.

Example

The left screw N41.1016.01.001 of the screw oil pump ЭВН5-25-1500, which had the following dimensions, was processed by rolling in: the total length was 1282 mm, the length of the screw part was 1208 mm, and the cross-section diameter of the screw was D ₁ = 27 ^-0.05 mm , D = 30.3 mm, eccentricity e ₁ = 1.65 mm, e = 3.3 mm, pitch t = 28 ^{± 0.01} mm, roughness R _a = 0.4 μm; single-helical screw surface, left direction; material - steel 18HGT GOST 4543-74, hardness HB 207 ... 228, weight - 5.8 kg. Preliminary processing by turning and finishing by rolling were carried out on a mod screw-cutting lathe. 16K20, the peripheral speed of the workpiece - v _s = 84.78 m / min (1.41 m / s), n _s = 1000 rpm, the longitudinal feed S _pr ^{about was} determined by the formula S _pr ^about = to S _e mm / rev and took S _pr ° = 3 × 0.03 = 0.39 mm / rev, where k = 3 is the number of rollers in the device, the diameter of the working part of the rollers is r = 7.94 mm. The breaking-in force was about ≈ 1700 N, the depth of the riveted layer was in the range 0.15 ... 0.20 mm; the size by which the size has changed after running-in - 0.01 ... 0.02 mm; Sulfofresol (5% emulsion) served as a lubricant-cooling fluid during the run-in.

The required roughness and accuracy of the helical surface was achieved after T _m = 3.15 min (against T _m ^bases = 16.80 min according to the basic version with traditional grinding using a grinding head followed by polishing with an abrasive tape LVT 2200 × 55 Э4, 5-8 -10 GOST 12439-79 on a 1K62 lathe at Livhydromash JSC). The control was carried out by an indicator bracket with an indicator ICh 10 B cells. 1 GOST 577-68. The cumulative error between any non-adjacent steps was not more than 0.1 mm, the clearance during the control by the straightedge of the protrusions forming in diameter was not more than 0.07 mm, which is permissible according to the technical specifications.

The advantages of the proposed method, implemented by a multi-element device, are:

- the possibility of rolling in non-rigid shafts with an increase in machining accuracy (by 10 ... 20%) due to a design that allows independent loading of each deforming element (shape deviation no more than 10 ... 30 microns);

- ensuring a constant contact force with different profiles of deforming elements;

- reduction of the error of the previous processing;

- multi-element device allows for multi-pass processing, due to which a higher quality of processing is achieved;

- allows you to unload the machine components from a one-sided application of force and handle non-rigid shafts;

- the formation of a certain macro- and microgeometric shape of the treated surface, a decrease in the roughness parameter — smoothing of the surface, a change in the structure of the material — surface hardening, and the creation of a certain stress state — all this favorably affects the wear resistance.

The proposed method allows rolling in cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw surfaces and is easy to implement, and the device is simple in design and reliable in operation. The layer structures obtained on the surface of the hardened billet have increased hardness and, accordingly, wear resistance and resistance to fatigue failure.

Using the proposed method allows to increase the processing productivity of 1.5 ... 2.0 times and to ensure high accuracy.

Information sources

1. Reference technologist-machine builder. In 2 vols. T.2 / Ed. A.G. Kosilova and R.K. Meshcheryakova. - 4th ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1985. P.387, Fig. 6 - prototype.

Claims (1)

The method of rolling in cylindrical, eccentric, cam and screw surfaces of workpieces with adjustable load on the deforming elements of the tool, comprising communicating the workpiece with rotational movement and longitudinal feed movement to a deforming tool containing a body and at least three deforming elements pivotally and movably connected to the body, characterized the fact that they use a deforming tool with loading devices, in which each deforming element is pivotally closed captivity in the loading device, made in the form of a lever, with loading using a cylindrical compression screw spring, acting on one end of the lever and resting on the adjusting nut, which is screwed into the bracket, rigidly mounted on the housing, and the other end of the lever pivotally mounted in the case and the cheek attached to the case at a distance controlled by spacer sleeves, this adjusts the workpiece diameter to be machined and the necessary tightness with the stop screw, screwed on to his arm.

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