RU2370934C1 - Method of soil processing and combined soil-processing implement (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to agricultural machine-building and can be used in soil-processing or soil-processing seeding technology. Method of soil-processing includes cutting soil and weeds on set depth by cutting operating elements (5, dwg. 1), mainly in form of A-hoe blades, preliminary crumbling by them of cut soil and further processing it by multi-functional rollers (7), which have ring-shaped rims (8) with spokes (9) placed at acute angles of attack at the distance from each other. By means of rollers (7) superficial compaction of lower levels of cut soil, its tillage above compacted layer, evening of soil surface and extraction of cut weeds on it is performed. Evening of soil surface is started with preliminary stage at which cut soil is influenced by evening devices (11) at least for evening longitudinal crests and furrows on soil caused by passing in it of cutting operating elements (5), then soil is processed by multi-functional rollers. By means of evening devices soil is moved from crests in transverse direction, opposite to direction of its further side displacement by multi-functional rollers. Combined soil-processing element according to each version includes frame, cutting operating elements (5), mainly in form of A-hoe blades, connected with frame (1) by means of posts (6), installed after operating elements (5) multi-functional rollers (7), which have ring-shaped rims (8) with spokes (9), placed at acute angles of attack at the distance from each other. In implement of the second version cutting operating elements (5) are equipped with devices (10) for receiving and distribution under said operating elements of material introduced into soil, for instance seeds with starting doses of fertilisers. In implement of each version between cutting operating elements (5) and multi-functional rollers located are evening devices (11), equipped with small ploughs (14) at least for evening longitudinal crests and furrows on soil after passing in it of cutting operating elements (5). Operating surfaces of small ploughs are turned to the right or to the left for displacement of soil from longitudinal crests in transverse direction, opposite to direction of its further side displacement by multifunctional rollers (7). Inventions allow to reduce difference of levels of said crests and furrows, as well as compensate side displacement of soil by multi-functional rollers.

EFFECT: method increases quality of implement operation in each version.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in tillage and tillage sowing equipment.

Known methods of tillage, carried out when working combined tools (RU 2293460 C2, 02.20.2007 and SU 912088, 03/15/1982); intended for surface, in particular pre-sowing, tillage with simultaneous sowing and introduction of starting doses (30 ÷ 50 kg / ha) of granular mineral fertilizers (hereinafter - fertilizers or fertilizers). Each of these methods includes cutting the soil and weeds at a given depth by cutting working bodies, in particular openers (in the first case, special disk, in the second - in the form of lancet cultivating paws equipped with devices for receiving and distributing seeds and fertilizers under them), preliminary crumbling called working bodies of the cut soil and the subsequent processing of it by grinding-rolling rollers. When implementing these methods, simultaneously with sowing under the trimmed part of the soil, raised by the coulters, the materials introduced into the soil are distributed: seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them. These materials are closed up, that is, they cover the soil coming off the coulters, which is treated with the rollers mentioned above.

Known combined tillage implements for the implementation of the considered methods-analogues (sources of information indicated above). Each of these tools includes a frame with a connecting, in particular trailed, device and support wheels. By means of racks, undercutters are attached to the frame, in particular coulters - these working bodies with devices for receiving and distributing the material introduced into the soil beneath them, in this case seeds with or without tuks. After the cutting working bodies, grinding-rolling rollers are located frontally, when their angles of attack are equal to zero. The first implement (seeder, RU 2293460) has a number of plate rollers and a series of tubular rollers following it, intended for grinding (crumbling) and rolling (compaction) of the soil surface, respectively. The second analogue tool contains one row of ring-spur rollers.

These analogues - methods and tools - do not allow rationalizing the cut soil to preserve moisture in it, do not provide conditions for the effective destruction of weeds. These disadvantages are due to the inherent grinding-rolling rollers used in analogues, frontal local soil compaction with discrete action on it from above (planks, tubes, spurs) without subsurface compaction and transverse shear. The soil treated with such skating rinks does not have a clear cut distinction between the dense layer in the zone of seeds with tuks and the loose mulching layer on the surface, which is necessary to maintain moisture and the emergence of friendly shoots. The rollers of analogues, acting on the soil from above, do not extract the trimmed weeds on the surface, but press them into the soil, making them easier to grow in, which is a significant drawback not only when soil is cultivated simultaneously with sowing, but also when steam is processed.

The prototype of the claimed method is the closest to it the method of tillage, carried out during the work of the tillage and sowing unit (RU 2127502 C1, publ. 03.20.1999. Bull. No. 8). The prototype method includes cutting soil and weeds at a given depth by cutting working bodies, in particular, in the form of lancet openers, preliminary crumbling of the cut soil and their subsequent processing with multifunctional rollers. The latter have annular rims with knitting needles located at acute angles of attack remotely from each other. Processing with such rollers involves subsurface compaction of the lower horizons of the cut soil, loosening it above the compacted layer, leveling the surface due to the lateral (lateral) displacement of part of the soil and removing (combing) the trimmed weeds onto the soil surface.

The prototype of the claimed two variants of the combined tillage implement, that is, the second and third inventions of the group, is the above unit for implementing the prototype method described above (the same source of information). This combined unit (hereinafter referred to as the tool) includes a frame with a connecting, namely trailed, device and support wheels. The trimming working bodies, in particular in the form of lancet paws, are connected to the frame by uprights. Each of them is made in the form of a coulter, therefore, it has a device for receiving and distributing under this working body the material introduced into the soil, namely the seeds with or without starting doses of fertilizers. After the cutting working bodies, multifunctional rollers are installed, which have annular (in this case, in the form of conical rings) rims with spokes, located at acute angles of attack remotely from each other.

These prototypes - the method and the combined tool - are based on the use of the above-mentioned multifunctional rollers in them, therefore they do not have the drawbacks noted in the analogues considered above. However, when using them on heavy and moist soils, the cutting working bodies leave longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil with an increased difference in their levels. This violates the conditions for the normal operation of multifunctional rollers, which leads, in particular, to a decrease in the quality of their leveling the soil surface. In addition, in the prototypes, the soil treated with multifunctional rollers is partially shifted laterally, forming irregularities at the joints of adjacent passages of the gun.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of leveling the surface of the soil, including reducing bumps at the joints of adjacent passages of the implement, by achieving a technical result: reducing the difference in the levels of longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil from the passage of cutting working bodies in it, as well as compensating lateral displacement of the soil by multifunctional rollers with rims set at angles of attack. The objective is to reduce the disadvantages noted in the prototypes of the claimed method and implement options.

This problem in the first invention is solved in that the soil treatment method, as well as its prototype, includes cutting soil and weeds at a given depth by cutting working bodies, mainly in the form of lancet paws, preliminary crumbling of the cut soil and their subsequent processing with multifunctional rollers. The rollers are ring-shaped (hereinafter means made in the form of rings or turns of a helix, for example, as in spiral rollers) rims with spokes located at acute angles of attack remotely from each other. Tilling the soil with these rollers involves subsurface compaction of the lower horizons of the cut soil, loosening it above the compacted layer, leveling the surface of the soil and extracting the trimmed weeds onto it. Unlike the prototype, in the claimed method, the soil surface leveling begins with a preliminary stage, in which the trimmed soil is treated with leveling devices, at least to smooth the longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil from the passage of the cutting organs in it, and then treat the soil with multifunctional rollers. In this case, the leveling devices shift the soil from the ridges in the transverse direction opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement by its multifunction rollers.

The named new set of common essential features of the claimed method in all cases of its implementation, due to the targeted displacement of the soil by leveling devices, provides the following. Firstly, it makes it possible to reduce the difference in the levels of these ridges and furrows, which improves the working conditions of multifunctional rollers, and secondly, to compensate for the subsequent lateral displacement of the soil by these rollers, which further improves the quality of the function of leveling the surface of the soil, in particular, reduces unevenness on junctions of adjacent gun passages. All this ensures the achievement of the technical result indicated in the task of inventions.

In the second and third embodiments of the invention, the above problem is solved as follows. In each version, the combined tillage implement, like its prototype, includes a frame, trimming working bodies, mainly in the form of pointed arms, connected to the frame, multifunctional rollers installed after the working bodies. The latter have annular rims with knitting needles located at acute angles of attack remotely from each other. In the implement according to the second variant, the cutting working bodies are equipped with devices for receiving and distributing the material (for example, seeds, or seeds with starting doses of fertilizers, or basic doses of fertilizers: 150 ÷ 300 kg / ha) under these working bodies. Unlike the prototype, in each version of the guns between the cutting working bodies and multifunctional rollers are provided leveling devices equipped with plows, at least for smoothing longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil from the passage of cutting working bodies in it. The working surfaces of the plows are turned to the right or left to shift the soil from the longitudinal ridges in the transverse direction, opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement by its multifunctional rollers.

The presence of such equalizing devices in these new aggregates of common essential features of the declared implement options in all cases of their implementation ensures the operation of the implement with the implementation of the claimed method. The latter, as noted above, in all cases of its implementation reduces the difference between the levels of these ridges and furrows, which improves the working conditions of multifunctional rollers, and also compensates for the subsequent lateral displacement of the soil by these rollers, that is, ensures the achievement of the technical result indicated in the task of inventions.

In particular cases of the implementation of the guns for each option, the leveling devices are connected with the frame with the possibility of changing the position of their plows in the transverse direction and in height. This allows you to rationally adjust the leveling device for the effective impact of their plows on the above ridges and furrows, which improves the work of the gun.

In particular cases, the gun according to the second embodiment has support wheels, a hopper for soil material to be introduced, elements of a dosing system and pneumatic supply of this material to devices for its reception and distribution under the cutting working bodies. The hopper is mounted on the implement frame so that the center of mass of the filled hopper is located above the line passing through the centers of the front support wheels in their working position. The hopper can be shifted forward relative to this line by a constant or by a variable amount.

This allows the said tool to provide two additional technical results. Firstly, to implement the implement and use it in the aggregate with the tractor as an independent (single) tillage sowing tool. Secondly, to exclude the effect of changes in the mass of consumables, seeds and (or) fertilizers located in the bunker on the work results of the implement, in particular on the depth of incorporation of these materials into the soil. In other words, the indicated hopper displacement increases the load on the front wheels resting on untreated (harder) soil and reduces it on the rear wheels interacting with the processed (loosened) soil and especially on the multifunction rollers, further improving the conditions for their action and improving the quality of the implement generally.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a combined tillage implement according to the second embodiment, side view, example; figure 2 is given a remote element A of figure 1; figure 3 is a diagram in plan, explaining the sequence and results of interaction with the soil of the working bodies of the tool, its middle part, on which transverse sections (a, b, c) are conventionally shown behind the rows of working bodies, showing changes in the structure and topography of the soil after corresponding working bodies.

In the drawings, the following position designations are adopted:

1 - frame; 2 - connecting device; 3 - a basic wheel; 4 - a system for changing the height of the frame above the soil; 5 - cutting working bodies; 6 - racks of cutting working bodies; 7 - multifunctional rollers; 8 - rims of rollers; 9 - spoke rollers; 10 - a device for receiving and distribution under the cutting working body of the material introduced into the soil; 11 - leveling devices (assembly assembly); 12, 13 — longitudinal ridges and grooves on the soil from the passage of cutting organs in it; 14, 15 - plows and racks of leveling devices; 16 - transverse beam; 17, 18 - racks of the transverse beam and their brackets; 19 - longitudinal axial line of the gun; 20 - rack bearing bearings rollers; 21 - a mechanism for changing the position of the rollers in height; 22, 23 - a hopper for the material introduced into the soil and flexible pipelines of the dosing system and pneumatic supply of this material to the devices for its reception and distribution under the cutting working bodies; 24 - hydraulic cylinders of parallelogram mechanisms of the front wheels; 25 - lever pendulum mechanism of the rear wheels; 26 - attachment.

The combined tillage implement, in this example (Fig. 1), has a frame 1 with a connecting, in particular trailed, device 2, supporting front and rear wheels 3 and a system 4 for changing the height of the frame 1 above the soil, cutting working bodies 5 connected by struts 6 with frame 1. The working bodies 5 are made mainly in the form of cultivating lancet paws, as in this example (Figs. 1, 3). Although they can be different, for example, in the form of spherical disks fixed by convexity upwards on tubular posts connected with the frame 1 with the possibility of rotation (similar to coulters of the analogue of RU 2293460). In our example, the cutting working bodies 5 in the form of lancet paws are staggered in two rows with overlapping each other (figure 3). After the working bodies 5, multifunctional rollers 7 are installed (Figs. 1, 3), connected with the frame 1 with the possibility of changing their height position. The rollers 7 have ring-shaped rims 8 with spokes 9 located remotely from each other under acute angles of attack α = 10-35 ° (Fig. 3), the value of which depends on the properties of the soil and the parameters of the rollers.

In the implement according to the second embodiment, the cutting openers 5 are equipped with devices 10 (Fig. 1) designed to receive and distribute soil material, for example seeds, or seeds with starting doses of fertilizers, or basic doses of fertilizers, under these working bodies. The implement according to the first embodiment is intended only for cultivating the soil without introducing the named materials into it. There are no 10 devices and elements associated with them. In addition, the example of the gun in the first embodiment is the same as the gun in the second embodiment (Fig.1-3), therefore, is not shown separately.

In the tool for each option, between the cutting working bodies 5 and the multifunctional rollers 7 are provided leveling devices 11 (Fig. 1) at least for smoothing the longitudinal ridges 12 and furrows 13 (Fig. 3) on the soil from the passage of the cutting working bodies 5. the devices have plows 14 with struts 15 (Fig.2, 3) associated with the frame 1.

The named connection is made by means of a transverse beam 16 with its vertical posts 17 and brackets 18 (Fig. 2), mounted on the frame 1. This allows you to change the position of the plows 14 (Fig. 2, 3) of the leveling devices 11 (Fig. 1) relative to the frame 1 in the transverse direction - by displacement of the uprights 15 on the beam 16 (Fig. 2), on which they are fixed, with special clamps, and in height - by the movement of the uprights 17 in the brackets 18. Racks 15 connecting the plows 14 with the beam 16 are made in the form of S- shaped springs. This protects the device 11 (figure 1) from damage, for example, if there are stones on the field, and also contributes to better crumbling of the soil.

The working surfaces of the plows 14 (figure 2, 3), leveling devices 11 (figure 1), can be mounted vertically, tilted forward, in the direction of their movement, as in this example, or backward. They are always turned right or left at angles β and -β to shift the soil from the longitudinal ridges 12 in the transverse direction (Fig. 3), in our example, closer to the axial line 19, opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement by its multi-function rollers 7 further from the line 19. This is necessary, first, for leveling the furrows 13, and secondly, to compensate for the said displacement of the soil by rollers 7.

Multifunction rollers 7 are combined in sections mounted to the right and left of the center line 19 of the gun. Rims 8 in these sections are located at angles of attack, respectively, α and -α (figure 3). The sections of the rollers 7 (Fig. 1) by the struts 20 of their bearing bearings are connected to the frame 1 of the implement by means of adjusting, in particular, screw mechanisms 21, which make it possible to change the position of these rollers in height.

In this example (Fig. 1), the trailed implement according to the second embodiment has a two-section (grain fertilizer) hopper 22 with metering and dividing devices, flexible pipelines 23 connected to devices 10, and a fan with a drive (not shown), that is, it has system elements dosing and pneumatic feeding of the material introduced into the soil. The hopper 22 is located and secured above the front wheels, as described above. In other cases, for example, in mounted or semi-mounted implement according to the second embodiment, the hopper 22 and the corresponding elements of the said system can be mounted on a tractor or other means with which such an implement is mounted.

The tool for each option, in our examples (figure 1), has the previously indicated system 4 of changing the height of the frame 1 above the soil. This system includes parallelogram mechanisms of the self-aligning front wheels 3 (Fig. 1), equipped with hydraulic cylinders 24, on the rods of which special stops are installed to regulate the depth of the soil cultivation by undercutting working bodies 5. For the rear right and left support wheels 3 in the above-mentioned system, lever the pendulum mechanism 25. It has a common axis with supports fixed on frame 1, a hydraulic cylinder for turning this axis, which is combined by pipelines (not shown) with hydraulic cylinders 24 of the front wheels 3. On the piece ke cylinder mechanism 25 of rear wheel 3 is also provided a stop for adjusting a predetermined position of the frame 1 in the operating state of guns, such as horizontal - adjustment on horizontal ground. The gun (figure 1) may have a hinged device 26 for connection with other technological means.

When preparing the tool for work, its connecting device 2 (Fig. 1) is attached to a tractor (not shown), with the hydraulic system of which the hydraulic cylinders of the mechanisms of the front and rear wheels 3 are connected, and other necessary actions are performed. Preliminary adjustments are made to the position of the working bodies of the gun in plan and height at the specified site and refine them when working in the field.

Tools are working (Figs. 1-3), implementing the claimed method of tillage, and the implement according to the second embodiment does this, say, simultaneously with sowing, sowing seeds with or without fat, as follows.

For example, a tool ready for work, aggregated by a tractor, in a transport state (Fig. 1), in which its frame 1 with all the elements connected with it is raised, is located at the beginning of the field padding with a stubble background. For the gun according to the second embodiment, to start the operation, the fan drive of the pneumatic feed system of the material introduced into the soil from the grain-hopper 22 to the devices 10 of the cutting tools 5 is inserted. When the unit is moving, the gun is brought into working condition using a hydraulic system and other mechanisms. At this time, the system 4 changes the height of the frame 1 above the soil (Fig. 1).

Under the influence of the weight of the gun, the rods are pressed into the hydraulic cylinders 24 of the front mechanisms and the hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism 25 of the rear wheels 3, as far as the stops placed on them allow. Frame 1 is lowered to the lower position, and all associated working bodies are buried in the soil by the values set for them. At the same time, in the implement according to the second variant, the drive of the metering elements of the above-mentioned system of pneumatic feeding of the material introduced into the soil to the devices 10 is automatically turned on.

When the operating mode of the gun moving at a speed of, say, 2.2-3 m / s (8-11 km / h), its working bodies 5 (Fig.1, 3) at a given depth (for example, 50-60 mm ) prune the soil with weeds and plant (crop) residues. Cutting working bodies 5, installed across the width of the implement with overlapping each other (Fig. 3), compact (at least do not loosen, keeping dense) the underlying soil and pre-crumble, due to deformation when raising and lowering, the trimmed soil. Moreover, each working body 5 opens a furrow in the soil with a dense bottom. In the case of the operation of the gun according to the first embodiment, each such furrow is closed with clipped soil, descending from the working body 5, which opened this furrow.

When the implements are used in the second embodiment, the dense bottom of the furrow opened by each working body 5 forms a bed for the material introduced into the soil, in particular a sowing bed. The device 10 is scattered on this bed under the working body 5, along the width of its sublap space, the material introduced into the soil, that is, seeds coming into this device through a flexible pipe 23 with or without a starting dose of fertilizers. Seeds distributed on the sowing bed with fertilizers or without them are closed with cropped soil that has started to crumble, descending from the working bodies 5.

Cropped soil when leaving the working bodies 5, having a speed of movement of the gun (2.2-3 m / s), bypasses their upper parts and racks 6 on the left and right, partially deviating to the corresponding sides. Therefore, under the cutting working bodies 5 on the soil there are bumps, sometimes significant, in the form of longitudinal ridges 12 and furrows 13 (Fig. 3, a). The difference between the levels of H ₁ ridges 12 and furrows 13, depending on the type and condition of the soil, size and depth of the working bodies 5, can vary within wide limits, for example, H ₁ = 40-120 mm This prototype method and tools worsens the working conditions of multifunctional rollers 7 (Fig.1, 3), the bottom of which in these cases passes over the bottoms of deep furrows 13, so the soil is processed, in particular, compacted and leveled, worse.

In the claimed method, leveling the soil surface begins with a preliminary stage, in which the trimmed soil is affected by leveling devices 11 (Fig. 1), that is, by their plows 14 (Figs. 2, 3), at least to smooth the longitudinal ridges 12 and furrows 13. Plows 14, located to the right of the axial line 19 of the gun and to the left of it (Fig. 3), due to the corresponding rotation of their working surfaces by the angles β and -β, shift the soil from about half the height of the ridges 12 (Fig. 3, a), in the direction of the named line 19. When shifting the soil with ridges 12 in the specified pop river direction occurs: firstly, zaravnivanie grooves 13 with simultaneous compaction of soil crumbling and that aligns its surface, reducing the difference between the levels of depressions and projections, for example to H ₂ = 30-60 mm (Figure 3, b); secondly, the movement of part of the soil to the right and left closer to line 19 - to the middle of the implement (figure 3), to compensate for the subsequent displacement of the soil by rollers 7 (shifting part of the soil to the edges of the implement).

Further, the cut soil prepared by the considered operation of the plows 14 (Fig. 2, 3) of the leveling devices 11 (Fig. 1) is treated with multifunction rollers 7, the rims 8 in the sections of which are installed to the right and left of the axial line 19 are located at angles of attack , respectively, α and -α (figure 3). The rollers 7, loaded with part of the weight of the implement, are rolled buried into the soil. At the same time, the bottom of the rims 8 of the rollers 7 passes under its surface above the uncut soil, in particular above the sowing bed with the bands of material introduced into the soil distributed thereon, at a height of H _ps (Fig. 3, c), equal to about 10-20 mm.

Rims 8 with knitting needles 9 rollers rolling with a shear 7 when entering the soil are compressed by its front surfaces, destroying the lumps and creating, under that, that is, in the seed location zone with starting doses of fertilizers or without them, a compacted subsurface layer, and when leaving the soil is loosened above this compacted layer. At the same time, they extract to the surface the main part (up to 98%) of weeds and other plant residues cut by the working bodies 5. The soil, flowing around the sections of the rims 8 with spokes 9 moving in it (Figs. 1, 3), passes through the cavities rolling with a shift rollers 7 (separated) and placed behind them, forming a loose, leveled surface. Trimmed weeds and other plant residues extracted from the soil are thrown onto this rim surface 8 of the rollers 7, which dry out, forming a mulching layer with the upper part of the loose soil.

Rims 8, mounted at angles of attack α and -α (Fig. 3), passing in the soil, with their external lateral surfaces shift part of it in the transverse direction from the middle of the gun to its edges. At the same time, they return to the place a part of the soil specially displaced by leveling devices 11 (Fig. 1), namely their plows 14 (Figs. 2, 3), from the edges of the implement closer to its center line 19 (Fig. 3). These interrelated actions of the devices 11 and the rollers 7 provide the following two positive effects. Firstly, they create a uniform, across the entire width of the capture of the guns, thickness of a loose mulched layer over a compacted subsurface soil layer. For the implement according to the second option, this means a uniform depth of embedment of the material introduced into the soil (seeds with or without fertilizers or basic doses of fertilizers). Secondly, they exclude the formation of longitudinal irregularities, in the form of rolls, at the joints of the strips from adjacent passages of the gun. All this improves the work of the tools, eliminating the corresponding disadvantages of the prototypes.

So rollers 7, working after leveling devices 11 (figure 1), provides high-quality subsurface compaction of the lower horizons of the cut soil layer with the formation of a loose mulch layer above it, even in thickness over the entire width of the implement. As a result, the difference in the levels of protrusions and depressions on the soil behind the rollers 7 is H ₃ = 20-30 mm, and the sowing depth Hp (Fig. 3, c) by the implement according to the second embodiment is provided in the limit of 40-50 mm. At the same time, the unevenness of the soil at the junctions of adjacent passages of the gun is reduced. All this confirms the achievement of the technical result indicated in the task of inventions.

At the end of the fold, the implement is in the reverse order of transporting the implement. In particular, the tractor’s hydraulic system raises its frame 1. At the gun according to the second embodiment, the drive of the pneumatic system dispensers automatically shuts off, stopping the flow of material from the grain-fertilizer hopper 22 to the devices 10 (Fig. 1) of the cutting working bodies 5.

So, the claimed method of tillage is carried out when the implement is working on each option. The inventions reduce the difference in the levels of longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil from the passage of cutting organs in it, and also compensate for lateral displacement of the soil by multifunctional rollers. This improves the conditions for the effective operation of these rollers, in particular, improves the quality of their alignment of loose mulched soil over the subsurface compacted layer and reduces soil irregularities at the junctions of adjacent passages of the gun. This improves the quality of the guns. In the implement according to the second embodiment, this ensures a uniform depth of embedment of the material introduced into the soil, in particular seeds with starting doses of fertilizers or without them, preserving soil moisture, friendly seedlings and increasing the yield of cultivated crops.

Other examples of the implementation of the claimed tool are possible. In justified cases, the implement can be mounted or semi-mounted with the corresponding changes in its layout, support wheels and other elements. Multifunctional rollers in it can have rims with individual axes, and leveling devices contain plows with curved working surfaces or have a different design.

Claims (6)

1. A method of cultivating the soil, including cutting the soil and weeds at a predetermined depth by cutting working bodies, mainly in the form of lancet paws, pre-crushing them of cropped soil and subsequent processing of it with multifunction rollers having ring-shaped rims with spokes located at acute angles of attack remotely from other, providing subsurface compaction of the lower horizons of the cut soil, loosening it above the compacted layer, leveling the surface of the soil and removing of trimmed weeds, and leveling the soil surface begins with a preliminary stage, in which the trimmed soil is treated with leveling devices, at least to smooth the longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil from the passage of cutting working bodies in it, and then the soil is treated with multifunctional rollers, while leveling devices shift the soil from the ridges in the transverse direction opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement by its multifunctional rollers. 2. Combined tillage tool, including a frame, cutting working bodies, mainly in the form of lancet paws, connected to the frame, multifunctional rollers installed after the said working bodies, having ring-shaped rims with spokes, located at acute angles of attack remotely from each other, and between the cutting working bodies and multifunctional rollers are provided with leveling devices equipped with plows, at least for smoothing longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil from an ode in it of cutting working bodies, while the working surfaces of the plows are turned to the right or left to shift the soil from the longitudinal ridges in the transverse direction, opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement by its multifunctional rollers. 3. The tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the leveling devices are connected with the frame with the possibility of changing the position of their plows in the transverse direction and in height. 4. A combined tillage tool, including a frame, cutting working bodies, mainly in the form of lancet paws, connected to the frame and equipped with devices for receiving and distributing the material introduced into the soil under these working bodies, multifunctional rollers installed after the said working bodies, having ring-shaped rims with spokes located at acute angles of attack remotely from each other, and between the cutting working bodies and multifunctional rollers are provided equal devices equipped with plows, at least for smoothing the longitudinal ridges and furrows on the soil from the passage of cutting organs in it, while the working surfaces of the plows are turned to the right or left to shift the soil from the longitudinal ridges in the transverse direction, opposite to the direction of the subsequent lateral displacement of its multifunctional skating rinks. 5. The tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the leveling devices are connected with the frame with the possibility of changing the position of their plows in the transverse direction and in height. 6. The tool according to claim 4, characterized in that it has support wheels, a hopper for the material to be introduced into the soil, elements of a dosing system and pneumatic supply of this material to devices for its reception and distribution under the cutting tools, while the hopper is mounted on the frame so that the center of mass of the filled hopper is located above the line passing through the centers of the front support wheels in their working position, or is shifted forward relative to this line by a constant or by a variable amount.

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