RU2365083C1 - Method of organic fertilisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method presupposes transportation of organic fertilisers in the form of compost mixture or animal dung to the field directly from the farm, placing fertilisers along the field in heaps on the cleaned from the snow ground, predominantly spring stirring of heaps with stirring and formation of rolls, and rolls loosening directly before soil treatment. Method makes use of the capability of thermophylic bacteria to develop fatal for the seeds and weeds temperature in the heaps and rolls.

EFFECT: reduced costs of introduction of organic fertilisers and decontamination of the fertilisers from weed seeds.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used to improve the technology of preparation and application of organic fertilizers in the soil.

A known method of applying organic fertilizers [1], including uniformly placing them on the field in the form of heaps, spring formation of fertilizers in the strip, spreading on the surface of the field by spreading and embedding in the soil with disk implements, the formation of fertilizers in the strip, spreading and embedding is carried out by one unit.

The disadvantages of this method are: the impossibility of transporting fertilizers from farms to the field using transshipment technology, since frozen earth and snow under a heap do not melt for a long time, therefore, fertilizers cannot be qualitatively embedded in soil and spring tillage; it is impossible to evenly distribute fertilizers across the field by the spreading method, and therefore the method has not found application.

There is also known a method of forming rolls of organic fertilizers, before scattering them with a rotor, including the operation of stacking heaps in rows and forming rolls from them, characterized in that the heaps before forming a roll of them are aligned along the direction of the roll with the calculation of its continuity, and therefore the subsequent heap is laid after the formation of the roll from the previous heap [2].

The disadvantages of this method are the impossibility of transporting fertilizers from farms to the field using a transshipment technology and the need to attract a grab loader to level the piles before forming and spreading the rolls with the well-known RUN-15B rotary spreader.

It is known that organic fertilizers are best prepared in the form of a compost mixture, for example, from manure and straw or peat. The composting process is natural and consists in the decomposition by aerobic thermophilic bacteria of the organic substance of the compost mixture. Therefore, for the efficiency of the process, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for the life and active growth of these microorganisms. As a rule, most of the compost stack reaches a temperature of 55 ° C in 2-4 days. To ensure thermal insulation, the minimum dimensions of the stack or shaft should be at least 1-1.5 m wide and 0.8 m high [3]. In organic fertilizers at a temperature of 50 ° C, weed seeds are stored for no more than 7 days, and at 55 ° C for three days [4].

The objectives of the invention are to reduce the cost of applying organic fertilizers to the soil and disinfecting them from weed seeds.

These goals are achieved by the fact that organic fertilizers in the form of manure, and preferably in the form of compost mixture, are removed in the winter from farms in the field using transshipment technology and distributed throughout the field evenly in heaps on land cleared of snow. Compost mixture can be prepared directly on the farms [4, 5]. At least 7 days before tillage, the heaps are pushed, converting them into rolls. Immediately before tillage, the fertilizer rolls are scattered.

The proposed method is as follows. Fertilizers are taken out of the farm into the field mainly by a tractor equipped with a bulldozer blade, which makes driveways 1 on a snowy field and digs “pockets” 2 for unloading fertilizers from tractor trailers into heaps 3 (Fig. 1). “Pockets” for heaps are made in a staggered manner, with a distance between rows of heaps equal to the spreading width A of fertilizers by known rotary manure spreaders, minus twice the shear width of the heaps when forming rolls (A-2S), and with the distance B between the heaps in a row, based on agrotechnical norms of fertilizer application. The distance between the passageways is equal to the spreading width plus a double shear width of the heaps (A + 2S).

The author has investigated that due to the activity of thermophilic bacteria, heaps of fresh compost mixture and even fresh semi-liquid manure, unloaded from tractor trailers in the winter, do not freeze or freeze only from above with a thin layer, with complete thawing and a decrease in humidity in spring. Inside the heaps, in addition to the upper and bottom layers, a temperature develops that is destructive for weed seeds, and the organic substance of the compost mixture rots.

At least 7 days before tillage, mainly in the spring, the rows of heaps of compost or dried manure are pushed sideways, mainly twice, with mixing and the formation of rolls 4 with a special machine 5, mounted on a tracked tractor (figure 2), while the soil is frozen under the heaps, it opens and keeps pace with the whole arable land, while the upper and bottom layers of the heaps mainly fall into the middle of the rolls, and weeds die in them, too, due to the activity of thermophilic bacteria.

Fertilizer rolls are scattered immediately before tillage, mainly with a two-rotor manure spreader 6, mounted on a tractor with sufficient ground clearance and track gauge. The invention allows to reduce the cost of introducing organic fertilizers and to disinfect fertilizers from weed seeds.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 1607720, A01C 21/00, 1990, bull. No. 43.

2. RF patent RU 2246198 C1, 7 A01C 21/00, 2003.11.11, publ. 2005.02.20.

3. Mishurov N.P. Preparation of manure for use in farms. J. "Machinery and equipment for the village", May 1999

4. Popov P.D. and other organic fertilizers. Directory. M., 1988, p. 142, 154.

5. Terentyev N.A. Application for the grant of a patent for the invention “Method of compost preparation”, register. No. 2007148733, filing date 12/24/2007

Claims (3)

1. The method of applying organic fertilizers, involving the removal of organic fertilizers in the form of compost or manure in the field directly from the farms, laying fertilizers across the field with heaps, mainly spring reloading of heaps with the formation of rolls, spreading the rolls immediately before processing the soil, characterized in that organic fertilizers they unload in the field onto the land cleared of snow, for which they make passages on a snowy field and rake “pockets” for piles in a checkerboard pattern. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heaps are pushed to convert them into rolls with a lateral shift, so the distance between the rows of heaps in the driveway is equal to the width of the spreading of fertilizers by the rotary manure spreader minus twice the shear width of the heaps, the distance between the heaps in the row is determined from the agrotechnical fertilizer application rates, and the distance between driveways is equal to the spreading width plus twice the shear width of the heaps. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heaps are pushed to convert them into rolls with mixing and at least 7 days before tillage.

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