RU2363890C2 - Combustive furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering.

SUBSTANCE: combustive furnace relates to heating systems of rooms and is provided for individual and joint bathhouses. Combustive furnace contains fire chamber with fire grate and ashpit, chamber with heat-accumulating charging, bin-water heater with inclined straight chimney, introduced by open end into side wall of bin, and by closed - to combustian space. It is outfitted by air heaters system, in which there are included heat-exchange collectors, at inlet connected to gate device, installed in basis of ashpit, and heat-exchange devices with input inclined and output collectors. Fire chamber is implemented with bicurvature side surfaces and is outfitted by steam superheater, containing installed on-the-mitre to the front wall of fire chamber and communicated to bin-water heater U-shaped contour, formed successively by connected cylinders, filled by heat-accumulating material and connected to coil fixed over fire grate so that its outlet ports are directed towards to each other. Chamber for heat-accumulating chargin is implemented as L-shaped and connected by steam pipeline to water heater. Inclined pipe of water heater is introduced by closed end into top part of fire chamber and outfitted by crosspiece for water supply and steam withdrawal.

EFFECT: improvement of operating characteristics of furnace: increasing of thermal effectiveness, fuel efficiency and manufacturability at simultaneous simplification of its service conditions.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to space heating systems, and can be used as an apparatus for individual and collective baths, as well as for heating private houses, cottages, domestic and industrial premises.

Known furnace for a bath containing a metal case, which houses the furnace, ash pan, chimney and stove, made in the form of a tank isolated from the furnace, filled with heat-resistant material (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1633233, class F24B 1/02, 1991).

The disadvantage of this furnace is that it can only work in the Finnish bath mode with a low moisture content in dry steam, which is a heated gas mixture of ionized particles, which are an environmentally harmful factor.

Known furnace for a bath containing a metal case with a furnace, ash pan, chimney and heater, made in the form of a tank insulated from the furnace, filled with lumpy heat-resistant material (RF patent No. 2076277, CL P24V 1/02, 9/02, 1997). This tank is made with doors for the exit of steam and with a pipe for supplying liquid in the form of a pipe with holes at the end passing into the layer of heat-resistant material. In the furnace, the chimney pipe passes through a layer of heat-intensive material, and the pipe for supplying liquid is made in the form of a coil covering the chimney. Partitions with offset are made in the heater, providing a zigzag passage of steam from the holes in the nozzle to the door.

A disadvantage of the known furnace is the low intensity of the heat transfer process to the heat storage charge, the heating of which occurs only from the chimney. Water is heated under the influence of heat coming from a heat-intensive material, which contributes to its cooling. It should be noted a small evaporation mirror in the coil, the heating of which from the furnace is insufficient, and a small volume of the resulting steam. A chimney in the form of a knee does not contribute to good traction during operation of the furnace.

A well-known furnace for baths, including a furnace, heat storage load, which is placed on the top of the furnace, a gas duct connected to the furnace with a chimney, and a water heater (RF patent No. 2087806, class F24В 9/04, 1997). Additionally, the furnace is equipped with heat storage chambers placed at the side walls of the furnace and in the gas duct, and the water heater is equipped with an inclined straight pipe, one end of which is inserted into the side wall of the tank, and the other end is inserted into the furnace space through an opening in the furnace wall.

A disadvantage of the known furnace for baths is the low intensity of the heat transfer process to the heat storage load and the water heater, as well as the heating of the room. In a rectangular firebox of a known furnace, weak convective heat transfer, since there is practically no turbulization of combustible gases. An inclined pipe in the lower part of the furnace, designed for uniform heating of water in the tank, interferes with the loading of fuel. Due to the temperature difference between the combustible gases in the furnace and the surface of the inclined pipe filled with water from the tank, the pipe fogs up. Condensate formed in this way interferes with combustion. During operation of the furnace, in order to prevent uncontrolled steam escape when water boils in the tank, it is necessary to move or move the water heater. Uncontrolled steam output when boiling water, getting into the room, worsens its microclimate. The furnace has a knee-shaped duct that does not provide good traction. When loading the furnace, firewood can fall out of the furnace, since loading is carried out not through the hatch, but through the door.

The technical result is an improvement in the operational characteristics of the furnace: increasing thermal efficiency, fuel efficiency and manufacturability of the furnace while simplifying the conditions of its operation and maintenance.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known furnace containing a furnace with a grate and an ash pan, a chamber with a heat storage load and a water tank with an inclined straight pipe inserted open end into the side wall of the tank, and closed into the furnace space, according to the invention, the furnace equipped with a system of air heaters, which includes a heat exchange manifold, at the inlet connected to a slide device installed in the base of the ash pan, and heat exchangers with input inclined and output collectors, and the furnace is made with double curvature lateral surfaces and is equipped with a superheater containing an U-shaped contour mounted at an angle to the front wall of the furnace and connected to the water tank, formed by cylinders connected in series, filled with heat-accumulating material and connected to coils mounted over grate so that their outlet openings are directed towards each other, the chamber for the heat storage load is made L-shaped and connected steam pipe with a water heater, while the inclined water heater pipe is inserted with a closed end into the upper part of the furnace and is equipped with a jumper for supplying water and steam output.

The analysis of the prior art, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the tool containing features similar to the essential features of the technical solution was not detected. A number of well-known devices, in addition to the main elements (a furnace, a chamber with a heat storage load, a water heater), are equipped with tools that increase the efficiency and ease of use, as well as improve the quality of heat transfer through the regulation of traction or the process of burning fuel. However, the effectiveness of certain known devices is not sufficiently provided. On the one hand, the reason for this is the non-optimal distribution of heat fluxes over the volume of the furnace, which creates the conditions of inertia of the heating of the storage load and the water tank. On the other hand, it should be noted a decrease in heat output and a large fuel consumption due to the fact that the combustion process is not sufficiently regulated. To increase the efficiency of fuel combustion, in contrast, for example, from the furnace described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2095694, cl. F24B 9/00, 1997, the claimed solution provides for the supply of superheated steam. The preparation of superheated steam is carried out in the cylinders of the U-shaped circuit, where the steam coming from the water heater under pressure overheats and exits above the grate, entering directly into the combustion zone with two oncoming streams. The combustion of fuel is thus carried out in an overheated vapor-air mixture. The combination of essential features of the invention can significantly improve the operational characteristics of the furnace. Internal elements of the furnace design, such as an inclined water heater pipe introduced into the combustion chamber, a steam superheater circuit, and a block of heat exchangers for air heaters, made it possible to increase the area of convective heat exchange. By increasing the area of convective heat transfer, the heat exchange between the combustion products and the heat-removing surfaces of the furnace structural elements is increased, which helps to increase efficiency during operation. The presence of an air heater with a direct intake of air, which has an exit to the combustion chamber, makes it possible to turbulent the flow of gaseous products of combustion, contributes to the combustion of combustible gases, thereby reducing the emission of harmful combustion products into the atmosphere. At the same time, heat exchangers with inclined collectors designed to take air from the lower part of the room, where it is colder, allow air to be heated in the furnace chamber, which then enters the room through the output collectors, can serve as additional air heating devices. The shape of the furnace with double curvature lateral surfaces allows to increase the life of the furnace, since, on the one hand, the possibility of burning through the walls is excluded, and on the other, it is possible to efficiently turbulize combustible gases. In addition, the supply of superheated steam to the combustion zone also contributes to the turbulization of gases. The configuration of the furnace prevents the emission of smoke into the room through the loading door and the loss of burning firewood during loading. In addition to improving the microclimate in heated rooms and increasing resistance to burning, the overall dimensions of the furnace per unit of power are reduced. The furnace in maintenance and operation is also convenient in that the pipeline is equipped with a valve that can control the flow of steam.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the furnace, figure 2 is a side view of the furnace, from the side of the heater, figure 3 is a top view.

The furnace contains a furnace 1 with a loading door equipped with a door 2, an ash pan 3 having a door 4. The chamber of the water heater 5 is adjacent to the side surface of the furnace 1 on one side, and an open L-shaped container 6 with a heat storage charge 7 (heater) on the other ) In the upper part of the tank 6 there is a hole with a pipe 8 for a smoke pipe. On the side of the rear wall in the furnace 1, for additional heating of the room air, there is a system of air heaters, which includes surface-type heat exchangers 9 with input (inclined) and output headers 10, 11 and a heat exchange manifold 12, connected at the input to the gate device 13 installed in the base ash pan 3. Inside the furnace 1, an U-shaped contour of convective superheater 14 is formed at an angle to the front wall, formed by cylinders connected in series to each other, which are filled with heat-accumulating material and connected to the coils 15 fixed above the grate 16, while the outlet openings of the coils 15 are directed towards each other. The superheater 14 is designed to dry and superheat the steam sampled through the pipeline from the chamber of the water tank 5. To heat the flowing water, a coil heater 18 is installed in the water chamber of the water tank 5. A straight pipe 19 is sloped into the superfluid space of the furnace 1, filled heat storage loading. The other end of the pipe 19 is connected to the chamber of the tank-water heater 5 through a jumper 20, in which there is a hole for introducing hot water from the chamber of the tank-water heater 5 and an opening for the exit of steam. The chamber of the tank 5 is equipped with a valve 21, which regulates the water level, and a valve-regulator 22 to relieve steam pressure, a valve 23 for draining the water and a hatch 24 with a cover. A valve 26 is installed on the steam line 25, cutting off the steam supply to humidify the air in the room.

The operation of the furnace is carried out by burning solid fuel on the grate 16, loaded into the furnace 1 through the door 2. Water is supplied to the chamber of the tank 5, which heats up when the heater 18 is turned on. Steam is formed before all the water boils in the chamber 5 through the steam generator - pipes 19, inserted with a blind end into the upper part of the furnace 1. At the outlet of the pipe 19, the generated steam passing through the jumper 20 in the receiver space of the chamber 5 is gaining pressure. Steam from a water heater 5 is supplied under pressure through a pipeline to a U-shaped circuit of a convective superheater 14, in the cylinders of which the steam is dried and overheated, and then exits above the grate 16 with two oncoming streams, entering directly into the combustion zone. In this case, the combustion of fuel is carried out in an overheated vapor-air mixture, since the air entering the furnace 1 through the door 4 due to contact with hot coals on the grate 16 is also heated. Excess steam as water boils in the chamber of the tank 5 is supplied through the steam line 25 to the L-shaped container 6. When the valve 26 is closed on the steam pipe 25, the excess steam is discharged through the control valve 22. Air is taken from the premises through the input inclined headers 10, which in surface-type heat exchangers 9 is heated by combustible gases and enters the room through the output manifolds 11. The heat-exchange manifold 12 works in the same way, at the input connected to the gate device 13 installed in base ashpit 3, designed for the intake and heating of colder air at the bottom of the room. Prepared in the collector 12, the air enters the furnace 1, contributing to the turbulization of gases in it.

Claims (1)

A fuel furnace containing a furnace with a grate and an ash pan, a chamber with a heat storage load, a water tank with an inclined straight pipe inserted with its open end into the side wall of the tank, and closed into the furnace space, characterized in that it is equipped with an air heater system, into which includes a heat exchange manifold, at the inlet connected to a slide device installed at the base of the ash pan, and heat exchangers with input inclined and output collectors, the furnace is made with side double curvature and is equipped with a superheater containing an U-shaped contour mounted at an angle to the front wall of the furnace and connected to the water tank formed by sequentially connected cylinders filled with heat storage material and connected to coils mounted above the grate so that their outlet openings are directed towards each other, the chamber for heat storage loading is made L-shaped and connected by a steam line to a water heater, while the inclined pipe the water heater is inserted with a closed end into the upper part of the furnace and is equipped with a jumper for supplying water and steam.

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