RU2360345C1 - Method of routing self-bearing optical cable on high-voltage electric power transmission towers at passages through obstacles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics; means of communication.

SUBSTANCE: method refers to fibre-optic equipment and is meant for routing self-bearing optical cables on high-voltage power transmission towers at passages through obstacles. There installed is a drum with a master wire rope, a connecting wire rope, a drum with a cable, a braking mechanism, a traction machine, and pay-out rollers in the areas of towers with the lowest potentials of electric field. Traction tow and upper blocks of rollers are installed on available wire. Upper blocks of rollers are connected to lower blocks of rollers so that the distance between them exceeds distance between pay-out rollers and available wire, and housings of upper blocks of rollers are attached by pieces of connecting wire rope to each other and to traction tow. In addition, housings of lower blocks of rollers are attached by pieces of wire rope. Master wire rope is pulled under minimum tension, and cable - under increased tension. After traction tow and blocks of rollers are returned and removed the cable is transferred from pay-out rollers to the clamps on towers.

EFFECT: reducing consumption of time and means when routing the cable on high-voltage power transmission towers at passages through obstacles.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fiber-optic technology and can be used in the construction and operation of fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) using self-supporting optical cables (ACSN) laid along the supports of high-voltage power lines (VL) at the crossings of natural (navigable rivers, mountains, etc. .) and artificial (railways and roads, intersected by overhead lines, engineering structures, etc.) obstacles.

During the construction and operation of FOCL VL, difficulties arise when crossing navigable rivers, electrified railways, heavy traffic roads, non-disconnected power lines, associated with the possibility of electric shock and accidents on intersected routes. To reduce the effect of the electric field on the ACSN, the induced potential of the electric field should not exceed 12-25 kV at the suspension point. Therefore, the ACSN is placed in the region with the smallest possible electric field potentials, in the VL interfacial space - at the support, as a rule, above the lower wires (Fig. 1).

The known method [1] (Chapter 3.2., Fig. P9.1., Fig. P9.2.) Laying OKSN through obstacles, including: installing at the initial support of the drum with a leader cable, a drum with a cable and a brake machine, installation on support of the expansion rollers, installation of the leader cable in the brook of the expansion roller fixed to the initial support, installation of devices for protecting the transition in the passage above the obstacle, manual laying of the leader cable through the obstacle, installation of the leader cable in the extension roller on the final support, installation at final support of traction machines , the connection of one end of the leader cable with the ACSN, and the other end of the leader cable with the traction machine, the creation of braking force on the brake machine, pulling (rolling) the ACSN under tension in the span between the supports, shifting the ACSN from the rolling rollers to the clamps, fixing the clamps on the supports.

The method [1] allows, due to the equipment used, to lay the cable at crossings over obstacles.

The method [1] has the following disadvantages. The stage of laying the leader cable manually does not exclude the possibility of electric shock to the personnel of crossed, non-disconnected overhead lines and wires of the contact network of electrified railways. The intersection of, for example, railways and roads requires the provision of "windows" for work, which reduces the productivity of the laying. With the current practice of disconnecting one circuit of double-circuit overhead lines for the construction of an ACSN, there is also a danger of electric shock to personnel when installing devices to protect the junction. With the specific gravities of the existing leader cables (over 100 kg / km) and ACSN (over 150 kg / km), their sag are comparable to the sag of the wires and require additional costs associated with the use of powerful tension and traction machines.

The known method [2] laying OKSN through obstacles, including: installing at the initial support of the drum with a leader cable, a drum with a cable and a brake machine, installing on the supports of the rolling rollers above the existing wire of the disconnectable circuit, installing the leader cable in the brook of the rolling roller installed on the initial support, installation on an existing (lower or middle) wire of the disconnected chain of the traction (radio-controlled) tug, connection to the tow tug of the leader cable, creation of braking force on the brake machine (300-500 N), pull driving (rolling) the leader cable under tension in the span by moving the towing tug to the final support, installing the traction machine at the final support, laying the leader cable in the brook of the rolling roller mounted on the final support, connecting the ends of the leader cable to the cable and traction machine, creating an increased braking force on the brake machine, pulling (rolling) the cable under tension in flight due to the operation of the traction machine, returning the towing tug to the initial support, removing the towing tug, shifting the cable from Attention rollers in the clamps and securing the latter on the supports.

The method [2] allows through the use of traction tug to lay a leader cable over an obstacle. In this case, the rolling rollers are installed in the area with the smallest possible potentials of the electric field (above the existing wire onto which the towing tug is mounted).

However, the method [2] has the following disadvantages. With a specific weight of the leader cable (over 100 kg / km) and with a towing force (300-500 N), the lead of the leader cable substantially depends on the span. Already with a span of 300 m, the lead of the leader cable reaches more than 20 m, which is commensurate with the height of the support, and can be a reason for a dangerous approach to obstacles. The reduction in sag can be achieved only through the use of more powerful, heavy and expensive traction tugs, which leads to costs for the work. Thus, the method [2] has limited application at transitions with large spans. In addition, it is necessary to carry over a considerable distance the ACSN, under mounting tension, from the rolling rollers to the supporting clamps, which is very laborious and requires time and money to carry out work.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the method [3] (p. 740a) of laying the cable along the OHL supports connected by at least one existing wire at crossings over obstacles. The method includes: installation of a drum with a leader cable at the initial support, a drum with a cable and a brake machine, installation of rolling rollers on the supports, installation of a leader cable and connecting cable in the brooks of the rolling rollers installed on the initial support, installation on an existing traction wire tugboat (robotic trolley with radio control), connection to the towing tug of the ends of the leader cable and connecting cable, sequential installation on the existing wire of the twin roller blocks in the creek of the upper roller block c, laying the leader cable in the lower roller blocks and connecting the double roller blocks with segments of the connecting cable, creating brake force on the brake machine, pulling (rolling) the leader cable under tension in the span by moving the towing tug to the final support, installing it at the final support traction machine, laying the leader cable in the brook of the rolling roller mounted on the final support, connecting the ends of the leader cable with the cable and the traction machine, creating an increased braking force on the brake machine, pulling e (rolling) the cable under tension in the span due to the operation of the traction machine, returning the towing tug to the initial support, removing the twin roller blocks and the towing tug, transferring the cable from the rolling rollers to the clamps and securing the latter to the supports.

The method [3] allows due to the use of twin blocks of rollers of a special design located at a distance of 10-15 m from each other, while pulling, significantly reduce the sag and the tension of the leader cable and ACSN. Each roller block consists (conditionally) of the upper and lower identical roller blocks, and the detachable cases of the upper and lower blocks are rigidly connected to each other using a common case [3] (p. 730). The design of each block of rollers eliminates the loss and jamming of the leader cable and cable at any position of the block. Bollard pulling force does not exceed 500-600 N.

The method [3] has the following disadvantages. Installing twin roller blocks on an existing wire, united by a common housing, requires transferring the cable from the expansion rollers installed near the existing wires to the cable suspension points in the clamps (in the area with the smallest possible electric field potentials). In this case, the cable transfer distance is more than 3 m. Cable transfer work can be performed only after removing the double roller blocks. To avoid dangerous sagging of the cable, these works are carried out under the installation tension of the cable, they are very laborious and require additional time and money.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the time and money spent on laying the cable along the overhead line supports at crossings over obstacles.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known prototype method [3], the cable is laid along OHL supports at crossings over obstacles connected by at least one existing wire, including: installing a drum with a leader cable, a drum with a cable, a connecting bay at the initial support of the cable a cable and a brake machine, installation of rolling rollers on the supports, installation of a leader cable and connecting cable in a brook of a rolling roller installed on the initial support, installation of a towing tug on an existing wire (robo of a radio controlled trolley), connecting the leader cable and the connecting cable to the towing tug, sequentially installing the double roller blocks on the existing wire of the upper roller block, laying the leader cable in the lower roller blocks and connecting the double roller blocks with connecting cable segments, creating on the brake machine, braking forces, pulling (rolling) the leader cable under tension in the span by moving the towing tug to the final support, installing the traction ma at the final support ina, laying the leader cable in the brook of the rolling roller mounted on the final support, connecting the leader cable with the cable and the traction machine, creating an increased braking force on the brake machine, pulling (rolling) the cable under tension in the span due to the operation of the traction machine, returning the towing tug to the initial support, removing the twin roller blocks and the towing tug, transferring the cable from the rolling rollers to the clamps and securing the latter on the supports, the rolling rollers are installed in the areas with the smallest possible potentials of electric field, upper blocks in pairs of rollers joined to the lower block clips so that the distance therebetween exceeds the maximum distance between the supports installed on existing raskatochnye rollers and wire, and connection segments connecting cable twin rollers blocks produce compound upper rollers blocks. Alternatively, before pulling the cable, the bodies of the lower roller blocks are connected by segments of the connecting cable.

The essential features affecting the receipt of a technical result are:

1. Installation at the initial support of the drum with a leader cable, a drum with a cable and a brake machine. The sign describes the necessary equipment and accessories for laying the cable under tension.

2. Installation on the support of the rolling rollers. The sign reduces friction losses when laying the leader cable and cable.

3. Installing the leader cable and connecting cable in the brook of the rolling roller mounted on the initial support. The feature allows you to reduce the number of rolling rollers by laying in the creek one roller leader cable and connecting cable.

4. Installation on an existing wire of the towing tug (robotic trolley with radio control). The feature allows you to create an effort to pull the leader cable and dual blocks of rollers, directed along the existing wire.

5. Connection to the towing tow of the ends of the leader cable and connecting cable. The sign allows you to transfer the force of the towing tug to the cable and the leader cable.

6. Sequential installation of twin roller blocks on an existing wire in a stream of the upper roller block, laying the leader cable in the lower roller blocks and connecting the double roller blocks with segments of the connecting cable. The sign allows you to limit the slack of the leader cable and transfer the pulling force to each subsequent block of rollers.

7. Creation of braking force on the brake machine. The sign provides the tension of the leader cable with a given force.

8. Pulling (rolling) the leader cable under tension in the span by moving the towing tug to the final support. The sign provides an automated laying of the leader cable in flight without the risk of personnel damage.

9. Installation at the final support of the traction machine. The sign makes it possible to pull the cable and create a mounting tension force.

10. Laying the leader cable in the brook of the rolling roller mounted on the final support. The sign provides a reduction in friction losses when laying the leader cable and cable.

11. Connection of the leader cable to the cable and to the traction machine. The sign allows sequential pulling of the leader cable and cable.

12. Creating an increased braking force on the brake machine. The feature allows you to lay the cable under increased (mounting) tension, which is necessary to create a safe cable slack.

13. Pulling (rolling) the cable under tension in the span due to the operation of the traction machine. The sign provides directly the cable laying process.

14. The return of the towing tug to the initial support. The sign ensures the return of the towing tug and all twin blocks of rollers to the initial support for their subsequent removal.

15. Removing the twin roller blocks and towing tug. The sign provides the release of the existing wire and cable from the snap.

16. Transferring the cable from the rolling rollers to the clamps and securing the latter on the supports. The sign secures the cable to the supports.

Salient features that affect the receipt of a technical result are:

1. Roll-out rollers are installed in areas with the smallest possible electric field potentials. The sign provides the installation of the rolling rollers in the same places as the cable clamps, which further reduces the time and money spent on laying OKSN by facilitating the process of transferring the cable from the rollers to the clamps.

2. The upper roller blocks are connected in pairs with the lower roller blocks so that the distance between them (between the working surfaces of the upper and lower roller blocks) exceeds the maximum distance between the installation points on the supports of the rolling rollers and the existing wire. The connection of the cases of the upper and lower blocks of the rollers is carried out using flexible or rigid connection. The feature ensures that the transverse loads on the existing wire and cable that occur during the movement of the twin roller blocks are minimized, in addition, the cable bends in the projection on the horizontal plane.

3. The connection of the double blocks of rollers with segments of the connecting cable is made by connecting the bodies of the upper blocks of the rollers. The sign provides the transfer of the force of the towing tug along the existing wire from one upper block of rollers to another by means of segments of the connecting cable. In this case, the transfer of forces necessary to move the lower blocks of the rollers is carried out by means of flexible or rigid connections between the upper and lower rollers.

4. Alternatively, before pulling the cable, the bodies of the lower roller blocks are connected by segments of the connecting cable. The sign provides the transfer of force from one lower block of rollers to another lower block of rollers through segments of the connecting cable. This creates the opportunity for removing the roller blocks from the leader cable or from the cable in case of emergency (destruction of the rollers, failure of the towing tug, etc.).

The invention is illustrated figure 1-4.

Figure 1 shows the induced potentials of the electric field on the supports of overhead lines 110 kV and 220 kV. Values of potentials are conditionally shown by various gradations of gray color.

Figure 2 shows the stage of laying the leader cable between the supports (top view).

Figure 3 shows the stage of laying OKSN between the supports (top view).

Figure 4 shows the step of returning the towing tug to the initial support (top view).

Figure 2, 3, 4 shows the passage through an obstacle - navigable river (river banks and barge are shown schematically). The numbers in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 indicate: 1 - initial support, 2 - final support, 3, 4 - rolling rollers mounted on supports, 5 - existing wire, 6 - leader cable, 7 - brake machine, 8 - a drum with an ACSN mounted on a jack, 9 - a swivel, 10 - a towing machine, 11 - a drum with a leader cable mounted on a stand, 12 - a bay with a connecting cable, 13 - a towing tow, 14 - a piece of connecting cable containing a twin unit rollers, 15 - flexible or rigid connection, 16 - upper roller block connected by flexible or rigid connection with 17 - lower roller block, 18 - swivel with a cable stocking, 19 - segments of the connecting cable of an additional bay of the connecting cable 20. The letter l denotes the distance between the rolling rollers 3 and 4 installed on the supports 1 and 2 and the existing wire 5. The arrows in FIGS. 2 and 4 show the directions of movement of the towing tug , and figure 3 is the direction of movement of the ACSN.

The method is implemented as follows. At the initial support 1, a drum with a leader cable is installed on the stand 11, a drum with a cable mounted on the jack 8 and the brake machine 7. Anchor the brake machine 7 (Fig.2). The distance between the brake machine 7 and the initial support 1 is approximately three times the height of the suspension OKSN. Near the support 1 place a bay connecting cable 12 (the cable can be laid "eight"). On the supports in selected areas with the smallest possible electric field potentials, rolling rollers 3, 4 are installed with a stream diameter of at least 40 d, where d is the diameter of the ACSN. The leader cable 6 and the connecting cable 14 are led into the stream of the rolling roller 3 mounted on the initial support 1. On the existing wire 5 of the overhead line connecting the initial 1 and final supports 2 at the transition through the obstacle, a towbar 13 (a robotic carriage with radio control) is installed, for example, ELECTRIC POWERED PULLING ROBOT Model LKE 70 manufactured by ZECK, Germany [4]. The lifting of the equipment to the supports 1 and 2 is carried out using lifting mechanisms or using mounting rollers mounted on the supports, and a rope of "infinite length". The end of the leader cable 6 is connected via a swivel to the eye of the traction tug 13. The end of the connecting cable 14 is also connected to the eye of the traction tug 13. Move the tow tug 13 over the existing wire 5 1-1.5 m from the initial support 1. Raise the support 1 twin roller blocks, each of which contains a flexible connection (for example, a cable segment), the upper roller block 16 connected to the lower roller block 17 so that the distance between them exceeds the maximum distance l between the rolling rollers 3 and 4 mounted on the supports and substantially stvuyuschim wire 5. As the flexible connection is a synthetic cable with polyurethane impregnation deep having low curl, for example produced by ZAO "SI", Moscow. This cable has a bending stiffness that prevents twisting and looping. A similar cable is also used as a leader cable and a connecting cable. It is allowed to install a rigid connection (for example, a plastic rod). A double roller block is installed on an existing wire by opening the upper roller block housing 16, placing the existing wire 5 in the upper roller block 16, closing the upper roller block housing 16. The double roller block is similar in design to the ABR 021 double block [3] (p. 730) ) except that it does not have a common housing, but is divided into two identical parts connected by a flexible or rigid connection 15 of a length greater than l. The total weight of the double roller block does not exceed 20 N. The leader cable 6 is inserted into the brake machine 7 and the minimum braking force (100-200 N) is set on it. The leader cable 6 is placed in the lower blocks of the rollers 17 and lowered down to the length of a flexible or rigid connection. Measure 10-15 m of the connecting cable 14 and connect it to the housing of the upper block of rollers 16, for example, using a carbine. Alternatively, the casings of the lower roller blocks 17 are connected by segments of the connecting cable 19 from the additional bay 20. Holding the connecting cable on the ground from sagging, move the towing bolt 13 along the existing wire 5 to a distance of 10-15 m from the previous position in the direction from the initial support 1 Consistently repeat all the steps for installing the twin roller blocks (15, 16, 17), starting from installing the next upper roller block 16 on the existing wire 5 and ending with the movement of the towing tug 13. When shifting Through the traction tug 13 in the direction from the initial support 1 to the final support 2, the force from it is transmitted to the upper blocks of the rollers 16 through the segments of the connecting cable 14, and the lower blocks of the rollers 17 occupy different positions relative to the existing wire 5 depending on the direction of the acting gravity forces tension of the leader cable 6 and the reaction force of the coupling 15 of the upper blocks of the rollers 16 and the lower blocks of the rollers 17. Behind the last support 2 at a distance approximately equal to three times the height of the suspension of the rolling roller 4, set rods new machine 10. Anchor the traction machine 10. The leader cable 6 is disconnected from the towing tug, placed in the creek of the rolling roller 4 fixed on the last support 2, lower the end of the leader cable 6 to the ground and tuck it into the traction machine 10. Connect the other end leader cable 6 through the swivel with a cable stocking 18 at the end of the ACSN. Fasten on the support 1 the free end of the connecting cable 14 and the free end of the connecting cable 19 (figure 3). On the brake machine 7 create increased braking force. Turn on the traction machine 10 and pull out the ACSN in flight over the obstacle. In this case, the ACSN occupies the calculated position on the rolling rollers 3, 4 near the suspension points on the overhead line. Considering the low weight of each lower roller block 16 (approximately 10 N, which is 1/2 of the weight of the double roller block per cable length between adjacent roller blocks), the amount of cable slack varies insignificantly and is limited by the connection length 15 between the upper 16 and lower 17 blocks of rollers. The mounting magnitude of the ACSN sag can be corrected by increasing the cable tension during pulling and / or bringing to the mounting tension after removing the lower blocks of the rollers 17. At the command of the ground, the towbar 13 is moved back to the initial support 1 (Fig. 4). In this case, the towing tug 13 collects all the double blocks of rollers 15, pushing the upper blocks of rollers 16 in front of the existing wire 5. The lower blocks of the rollers 17 also move, but along the ACS in the direction of the initial support 1 due to the pulling force of the coupling 15 between the upper 16 and bottom 17 blocks of rollers. First, the lower blocks of the rollers 16 are first removed from the ACSN, and then the upper blocks of the rollers 17 are removed from the existing wire and the double blocks of the rollers 15 are lowered to the ground. Traction tug 13 is removed from the existing wire 5 and also lowered to the ground. In the places of installation on the supports 1 and 2 of the rolling rollers 3 and 4, clamps for ACSN are installed. In case of emergency (destruction of the rollers, failure of the towing tug, etc.), lower roller blocks are removed from the leader cable or cable, using the free end of the connecting cable of the lower roller blocks fixed to the support. They transfer the ACSN from the rolling rollers 3 and 4 to the clamps using a standard mounting beam, for example [1], Fig. P9.4. If necessary, before installing the anchor clamp on the last support 2, the tension force of the OKSN is adjusted to bring it to the mounting tension.

Information sources

1. Rules for the design, construction and operation of fiber-optic communication lines on overhead power lines with voltage of 110 kV and higher (in 4 parts). RAO "UES of Russia", 1998.

2. The program of work without relieving stress from crossed overhead lines. Arrangement of the Moscow ring. Construction of a fiber optic communication line. CJSC Elektrosetstroyproekt, July 30, 2007

3. TESMEC. Stringing Equipment. Machines and Tools for Power Lines. ED.1 - JANUARY 2007 (pages 730, 740a).

4. ELECTRIC POWERED PULLING ROBOT Model: LKE 70 [Electronic resource] Website: ZECK GmbH, 2007. - Access mode:

http://www.zeck-gmbh.com/content-en/produkte/F/pdf/F4-100.pdf, free.

Claims (2)

1. A method of laying a self-supporting optical cable along the poles of high-voltage power lines at crossings over obstacles connected by at least one existing wire, including: installing a drum with a leader cable, a drum with a cable, connecting cable and brake machine bays, installing on the supports of the rolling rollers, the installation of the leader cable and the connecting cable in the creek of the rolling roller mounted on the initial support, the installation of an towing tug with radio control on an existing wire, connecting the ends of the leader cable and the connecting cable to the towing tug, creating braking force on the brake machine, installing the twin roller blocks on the existing wire of the upper roller block in series, laying the leader cable in the lower roller blocks and connecting the double roller blocks with segments of the connecting cable, pulling (rolling) the leader cable under tension in the span by moving the towing tug to the final support, installing the traction machine at the final support, laying the leader cable in the rolling brook of the roller mounted on the final support, connecting the leader cable to the cable and to the traction machine, creating an increased braking force on the brake machine, pulling (rolling) the cable under tension in the span, returning the towing tug to the initial support, removing the twin roller blocks and the traction tugboat, transferring the cable from the expansion rollers to the clamps and securing the latter on the supports, characterized in that the extension rollers are installed on the supports in areas with the smallest possible electric field potentials, in The upper roller blocks are connected in pairs with the lower roller blocks so that the distance between them exceeds the maximum distance between the expansion rollers installed on the supports and the existing wire, and the connection of the double roller blocks with the segments of the connecting cable is made by connecting the bodies of the upper roller blocks. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to pulling the cable, the casings of the lower roller blocks are connected by segments of the connecting cable.

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