RU2351126C2 - METHOD OF BREEDING PREDATORY MITE Amblyseius cucumeris Ond. - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention pertains to biotechnology and agriculture and is a method of breeding predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris Ond. The method involves growing flour mite on sterilised and damp mill offals and infesting them with amblyseius. For this purpose mill offals with particle size 1.0-2.0 mm are used, and are moistened by spraying with sterilised water with ratio of 10 l of substrate for 750 ml of water. The mill offals stacked in a 5-7 cm layer in cuvettes are then infested with flour mite. Infesting with amblyseius is done after 14-15 days with density of flour mite 9.5-10 thousand animal units/ cm³ and ratio 1:50-1:100. The layer of mill offals in cuvettes then reaches 7-10 cm. The amblyseius is collected after 14-15 days.

EFFECT: invention cuts on the duration of accumulation of amblyseius, increases output of biomaterial, and simplifies and secures known methods of moistening and sterilising substrate for accumulation of amblyseius.

6 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the protection of plants from pests, and can be used for mass breeding of the predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris Ond., Which is used as a biological means of controlling thrips that damage vegetable crops in greenhouses.

Closest to the proposed method is the cultivation and introduction of amblyseus according to the method of G.A. Beglyarov and F.A. Suchalkin (1985), modified by Dobrokhotov S.A. (1990) and Slepko E.V. (1994) This method was adopted as a prototype. The method consists in the fact that the flour mite Acarus faris Oud and amblyseus are bred on a substrate (flour and bran in a ratio of 1: 5), which are pre-sterilized in thermostats at a temperature of 45-50 ° C for 1 day. For breeding use cages, consisting of two crystallizers of different volumes. To create 90% air humidity, a 15% KOH solution is poured into a large crystallizer, a smaller one is placed on top, and covered with glass. A substrate infected with a flour mite is placed in a smaller cage. The optimum thickness of the substrate layer in the cage is 3 cm. After the flour mite multiplies, the substrate is infected with amblyseus, which then accumulates over 40-60 days.

The disadvantages of this method are as follows.

1. The thickness of the bran layer of 3 cm in the wiring cuvettes does not allow to produce large volumes of material.

2. The method of humidification using KOH is cumbersome, low-tech and unsafe for staff.

3. The fraction, consisting of a small fraction of bran, set to obtain amblyseus for 40-60 days at a temperature of 26 ° C and 80% humidity, is infected by a specialized predator of the flour mite Cheyletus sp., Crowding out amblyseius, and putrefactive microflora Pinicillium gadlevakii and Trichoderma konidii.

The objectives of our invention are as follows.

1. To increase the yield of biomaterial to volumes that protect vegetable crops from thrips on an area of 20-40 ha at a time.

2. Simplify and secure the method of moistening and sterilizing the substrate for the accumulation of amblyseus.

3. Reduce the accumulation of amblyseus and prevent the development of putrefactive microflora and the infection of the substrate with other types of predatory mites other than amblyseus.

The objectives are achieved in that according to the proposed method for the cultivation of amblyseius, a substrate from bran coarse grinding (fraction size 1.0-2.0 mm) sterilized at a temperature of 85 ° C for 10-15 minutes is used. The substrate is infected with a flour mite and poured with a layer of 5-7 cm into glass vessels, which are placed in trays with water at a temperature of 20-22 ° C. After 10-14 days, the substrate with the propagated flour mite is transferred to plastic cuvettes and infected with amblyseius. The cuvettes are covered with white filter paper, which is moistened by spraying daily in daylight. In this case, the bran layer is brought to a height of 7-10 cm and left to accumulate amblyseus for 14 days.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the hydration of bran sterilized with high temperature (85 ° C) is carried out with distilled water without the use of caustic potassium, which makes the humidification method more simple and safe for staff. The use of large bran fractions: 1) improves the aeration of the substrate and allows you to increase the layer height to 7-10 cm in the distribution cuvettes, thereby increasing the yield of biomaterial from 1 m of production area; 2) reduces the accumulation of amblyseus, preventing the development of putrefactive microflora.

Example 1

The flour mite is bred on wheat bran, in which the ratio of fine and large fractions is 1:10 in volume. Bran is sterilized in an oven at a temperature of 80-90 ° C in metal cuvettes with a layer of 3-4 cm, stirred 2 times for 10 minutes. After warming up, the substrate is moistened with water. To do this, the heated bran is poured into containers and using pneumatic spraying, distilled water is added in three doses. 750 ml of water per 10 liters of substrate. Drops of moisture in the bran are not allowed. Water is supplied in the form of fine mist.

Breeding flour mite spend 10-14 days. The initial density of the tick in the mother liquor is 2-3 thousand in 1 cm ³ . Breeding the tick is carried out in 3-liter jars with a substrate 5-7 cm high. The jar is closed with a cloth fixed with an elastic band and placed in a plastic box measuring 36 × 55 × 14 cm.The bottom of the box is solid, the sides of the box with rectangular holes in 2 rows. In a box place 7 pieces of 3-liter cans. 1 cm high water is poured onto the bottom of the box. The boxes are placed on a 4-tier rack and covered with plastic wrap to the floor. Due to the water poured into the box and the holes in it, there is no need for additional humidification. Bran naturally moisturize to 16-17% moisture. The temperature in the box for breeding 22-23 ° C. After a 14-day cycle of growing flour mite in the box, wet cleaning is carried out, the bactericidal lamp is turned on for 4 hours, and the cycle starts again.

For breeding amblyseius, a separate room is allocated, 5-tier racks are installed. Plastic racks with bran infected with a flour mite are placed on racks. The cuvettes are covered with filter paper, which is moistened once a day, preventing dripping moisture from getting on the substrate. The thickness of the substrate layer is 7-10 cm. A substrate with a predator is introduced into the ditches with a flour mite. The ratio of the substrate with the flour mite and the introduced part of the bran with amblyseus should be 6: 1-10: 1 in volume. The initial density of the flour mite in the substrate is 10 thousand individuals per 1 cm ³ , amblyseius - 100-130 individuals per 1 cm ³ .

Example 2. Breeding amblyseusa is carried out in the same way as in example No. 1. The technological mode of sterilization of the substrate from bran is a temperature of 80-90 ° C for 10 minutes. (table 1). An increase in exposure and a decrease in temperature does not affect the productivity of the flour mite and amblyseus, but requires additional energy costs (Table 1).

Table 1. The yield of flour mite and amblyseus, depending on the mode of substrate sterilization Sterilization mode Density of flour mite *, thous. in 1 cm ³ Ambliseius density **, ind. in 1 cm ³ temperature, ° С exposition 80
90
45 10 min
10 min
24 hours (prototype) 7700
7600
7000 220
210
230 Note. * - 10 days after infection of the substrate with a flour mite, ** - 14 days after infection of the substrate with amblyseus.

Example 3. Breeding amblyseusa is the same as in example No. 1-2. Optimum is the wetting of the substrate by spraying with a flow rate of water: 10 liters of substrate per 750 ml of water. When this norm is overestimated, particles of a large bran fraction stick together, making it difficult to aerate the substrate. Excessive moisture and lack of oxygen contribute to the decay of the substrate and a decrease in the rate of reproduction of the flour mite and amblyseus (Table 2). When the norm is underestimated, the substrate moisture will be below optimal, as a result, a decrease in the rate of accumulation of flour mites and amblyseus is also observed (Table 2).

Table 2. The initial rate of substrate moisture and the yield of amblyseus. The rate of water application per 10 l of substrate, ml Density of flour mite *, thous. in 1 cm ³ Ambliseius density **, ind. in 1 cm ³ 750
400
1000 10,000
4500
3500 270
170
150 Note. * - 10 days after infection of the substrate with a flour mite, ** - 14 days after infection of the substrate with amblyseus.

Example 4. Breeding amblyseusa is carried out in the same way as in examples No. 1-3. The optimal amount is the initial amount of 100-130 individuals of amblyseus per 1 cm ³ with a density of flour mite in the substrate of 10 thousand individuals in 1 cm ³ . With an overestimation or understatement of this norm, the output of amblyseus is reduced (Table 3).

Table 3. The initial amount of amblyseus during infection of the substrate and its yield. The initial amount of amblyseus,
ind. in 1 cm ³ Baseline predator: prey ratio Ambliseius density *, ind. in 1 cm ³ 120
60
200 1: 6-1: 10
1: 3-1: 5
1: 12-1: 25 200-270
170-200
150-170 Note: infection of the substrate with amblyseius is carried out at a density of flour mites of 10 thousand individuals in 1 cm ³ . * - 14 days after infection of the substrate with amblyseus.

Example 5. Breeding amblyseusa is carried out in the same way as in examples No. 1-4. The optimal thickness of the substrate during the cultivation of amblyseus is 7-10 cm. When this rate is underestimated, the yield of amblyseus from one wiring cuvette is reduced (Table 4). An increase in the norm does not give an increase in the amount of amblyseius obtained due to poor aeration of the substrate (Table 4).

Table 4. The thickness of the substrate layer during the cultivation of amblyseus and its yield. Layer thickness, cm Amblyseius accumulation period, days Ambliseius density *, ind. in 1 cm ³ 7-10
2-3
15-17 fourteen
fourteen
fourteen 270-310
200-220
170-200 Note: * - 14 days after infection of the substrate with amblyseus.

Example 6. Breeding amblyseusa is carried out in the same way as in examples No. 1-5. The optimal ratio of small and large bran fractions in the composition of the substrate for growing flour mites and amblyseus is 1:10 (by volume). With an increase in the fraction of fine fraction (flour), the vegetation period of plants decreases, the aeration of the substrate worsens, which leads to a decrease in the yield of amblyseus (Table 5).

Table 5. The composition of the substrate for growing amblyseus and its output. The composition of the substrate, l Amblyseius accumulation period, days Ambliseius density *, ind. in 1 cm ³ fine fraction coarse fraction one
one
0
5 10
5
10
one fourteen
fourteen
fourteen
fourteen 270-300
180-220
220-230
150-170 Note: * - 14 days after infection of the substrate with amblyseus.

Example 7. The cultivation of amblyseus is carried out in the same way as in examples No. 1-6. To maintain the humidity necessary for the propagation of flour mite and amblyseus, it is enough to carry out daily moisturization by spraying with water without the use of caustic potassium (Table 6).

Table 6. Moistening mode of the substrate for growing amoliseus and its output. Humidification mode Ambliseius density *, ind. in 1 cm ³ Spraying without KOH 270-310 Using KOH (prototype) 250-300 Note: * - 14 days after infection of the substrate with amblyseus.

The proposed method for breeding amblyseus allows you to increase the yield of biomaterial by 48% compared with the prototype; reduce material costs (saving production space, electricity) and increase productivity and labor safety by optimizing a number of production operations (sterilization and hydration of the substrate).

Information sources

1. Beglyarov G.A., Suchalkin F.A. Guidelines for the biological method of combating tobacco thrips in sheltered ground. M., 1985, 26 p.

2. Dobrokhotov S.A. The experience of breeding predatory mite amblyseus in greenhouses // Integrated Protection of Agricultural Plants, L., 1990, pp. 9-10.

3. Slepko E.V. Breeding and application of phytoseyids in the integrated protection of cucumber and tomato from thrips in the greenhouses of the Northwest region. Abstract. diss. Ph.D., St. Petersburg, Pushkin, 1994, 20 p.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating an amblyseius predatory mite (Amblyseius cucumeris Ond.), Comprising growing a flour mite on sterilized and moistened bran and infecting it with amblyseus, characterized in that bran with a particle size of 1.0-2.0 mm is used and moistened by spraying with sterile water per 10 l of substrate 750 ml of water; then the bran placed in the ditches with a 5-7 cm layer is infected with a flour mite; infection with amblyseus is carried out after 14-15 days at a density of flour mite of 9.5-10 thousand animals / cm ³ and with a ratio of 1: 50-1: 100, while the bran layer in the ditches is adjusted to 7-10 cm, the amblyseus is collected in 14-15 days.