RU235001U1 - TRAINING DEVICE FOR ANESTHESIA SKILLS IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION IN CHILDREN - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medical simulators in the field of dentistry and can be used to teach conduction anesthesia skills in dentistry. The simulator for practicing anesthesia skills in the maxillofacial area in children contains a model of the child's head with imitation of the upper and lower jaws, including imitation of the oral cavity with imitation of teeth of the temporary bite, needle placement sensors located in the areas of anesthesia, an indication module configured to generate a sound signal in response to receiving a signal from the needle placement sensors. The sensors on the left and right sides of the simulator have different locations and correspond to the position of the target points of anesthesia in different age periods of development of the maxillofacial area of the child. The dental phantom allows practicing the skills of conducting conduction anesthesia in dentistry, in particular: incisive anesthesia, palatal anesthesia (palatine), tuberal anesthesia, infraorbital anesthesia (infraorbital), mandibular anesthesia, torusal anesthesia, anesthesia according to Gou-Gets, mental anesthesia (mental) in children of different age periods.

Description

The utility model relates to medical simulators in the field of dentistry and can be used for training in conduction anesthesia skills in dentistry.

The relevance of the problem is substantiated by the fact that adequate and effective anesthesia is necessary for interventions on teeth, soft tissues, bones, in particular in pediatric dentistry. Mastering the skill of anesthesia requires preclinical practical training on a phantom.

The "Injection Dental Trainer" is known, presented in the form of spring-loaded occlusal pads located on a cylindrical body for fixing a carpule syringe with scales for measuring the depth of needle penetration into tissue and turning the needle in horizontal and vertical planes (patent for utility model RU71880U1, IPC A61C19/00, published on March 27, 2008). The disadvantages of this technical solution are: the lack of anatomical landmarks when simulating the process of performing the manipulation, the lack of the ability to practice the skills of administering anesthesia on the upper jaw, this trainer does not allow practicing the skills of administering anesthesia in children of different periods of development of the maxillofacial region.

A utility model known as a “Dental module” contains models of the upper and lower jaws with alveolar processes, gums and dental arches mounted on a rigid base, in which the teeth are removable, and in the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws there are sockets corresponding to each tooth (patent for utility model RU147612U1, IPC G09B23/28, published 11/10/2014).

The disadvantages of this technical solution are: the lack of imitation of the anatomical structures of the maxillofacial region, this module does not allow practicing the skills of administering anesthesia to children of different periods of development of the maxillofacial region.

The invention "Dental phantom" is known, consisting of a model of the head and lower jaw, connected in the position of the open mouth, with alveolar processes having a groove-shaped depression in the middle, which is made along the course of the dental arch. The model of the head and the lower jaw are covered with an elastic material. Using a tripod, the phantom is attached to the dental chair (patent for invention SU1337910A1, IPC G09B 23/28, published on 15.09.1987). The disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of the ability to practice the skill of administering anesthesia to children of different periods of maxillofacial development.

A "Dental Phantom" is known, containing imitators of the upper and lower jaws with segments with a rigid base, having a base and alveolar processes, natural teeth after extraction, fixed by roots in the base, artificial gum made of elastomer, elements for attaching segments to imitators (patent for invention No. RU2349966C1 G09 23/28, published on 20.03.2009). The disadvantages of this invention are: the absence of organs and structures of the maxillofacial region to create a full-fledged imitation as close as possible to real anatomical landmarks, this phantom does not allow practicing skills in administering anesthesia to children of different periods of maxillofacial development.

The closest analogue is the dental phantom described in patent RU186876U1 "Dental phantom", IPC G09B 23/28, published on 06.02.2019. The dental phantom contains a model of a human head with imitation of the upper and lower jaws, including imitation of the oral cavity with imitation of teeth, needle placement sensors located in the areas of anesthesia, an indication module configured to generate a sound signal in response to receiving a signal from the needle placement sensors, elastomer containers with liquid simulating blood vessels installed in the areas of tuberal and mandibular anesthesia.

The well-known dental phantom does not provide the opportunity to practice anesthesia skills in children of different periods of maxillofacial development.

The technical challenge is to create a dental phantom that takes into account the developmental characteristics of the maxillofacial region of children at different age periods.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model.

The essence of the utility model is that the simulator for practicing anesthesia skills in the maxillofacial area in children, containing a model of the child's head with imitation of the upper and lower jaws, including imitation of the oral cavity with imitation of teeth of the temporary bite, characterized in that the needle installation sensors located in the areas of anesthesia have different positions on the left and right sides of the simulator and correspond to different age periods of development of the maxillofacial area of the child. The needle installation sensors are made of two conductive surfaces separated by a dielectric, with the possibility of short-circuiting the conductive surfaces between themselves when pierced by a metal needle.

The target points for anesthesia are anatomical structures of the maxillofacial region that change their location with the child's age. The first sensor is located: on the right branch of the lower jaw - at the level of the lower jaw molars, which corresponds to the location of the target point of anesthesia at the age of under 10 years; on the left branch of the lower jaw - at an equal distance between the chewing surfaces of the second molars of the upper and lower jaws, which corresponds to the location of the target point of anesthesia at the age of over 10 years. The second sensor is located: on the right side on the outer surface of the body of the lower jaw in the projection of the temporary canine, which corresponds to the location of the target point of anesthesia at the age of under 4 years; on the left side on the outer surface of the body of the lower jaw in the projection of the first temporary molar, which corresponds to the location of the target point of anesthesia at the age of 4 to 6 years. When the active element (metal needle) reaches the sensor at the target of anesthesia, feedback will be provided in the form of a continuous sound signal. The model has other built-in electrodes that do not change their position with age: in the area of the large palatine foramen, incisive canal, infraorbital foramen, and maxillary tubercle. Each electrode that records the correct placement of the needle consists of one conductive plate that records contact with the metal needle of the injector simulator (general medical syringe, carpule equipment). The needle placement sensors are connected by wires to the indicator module, which is installed in the child's head model. The indicator module is designed to generate a sound signal in response to receiving a signal from the needle placement sensors.

During the training, the student must coordinate the movements of the hands, holding the tool simulator by the body, so that the electrode simulating the tool needle becomes electrically connected to the built-in electrode of the model, after which a sound indication follows in the form of a continuous sound signal.

The drawings show the view of the lower jaw from the left and right (Fig. 1-2), where the numbers 1-5 indicate: the temporary canine (1), the location of the sensors in the area of mental anesthesia (2) and mandibular anesthesia (3), the occlusal surface of the lower dental arch (4), the first temporary molar (5).

Claims (5)

A simulator for practicing anesthesia skills in the maxillofacial area in children, comprising a model of the child's head with imitation of the upper and lower jaws, including imitation of the oral cavity with imitation of the teeth of the temporary bite and needle placement sensors located on the upper and lower jaws in the areas of anesthesia and connected by wires to an indicator module installed in the model of the child's head and designed with the ability to generate a sound signal upon receiving a signal from the needle placement sensors, characterized in that the location of the needle placement sensors on the lower jaw corresponds to successive stages of development of the maxillofacial area of the child, in this case, the needle placement sensor for modeling the target point of anesthesia at the age of over 10 years is placed on the left branch of the lower jaw - at an equal distance between the chewing surfaces of the second molars of the upper and lower jaws, the needle placement sensor for simulating the target point of anesthesia in children under 10 years of age is located on the right branch of the lower jaw at the level of the lower molars, the needle placement sensor for simulating the target point of anesthesia at the age of 4 to 6 years is located on the left side on the outer surface of the lower jaw in the projection of the first temporary molar, and the needle placement sensor for modeling the target anesthesia point in children under 4 years of age is located on the right side on the outer surface of the lower jaw in the projection of the temporary canine.

Images