RU2340400C1 - Device for dosing and flatting of grains - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for dosing and flatting of grains consists of hopper, ending in its lower part with delivery throat, whereat dosing lip seal and disc with curved scrapper and ring with discharge chute are set movingly. Delivery throat of the hopper and dosing lip seal are of rectangle-shape in transverse section, whereat big side of the rectangle is radial to the disc. A roller is set diametrically opposed to the delivery throat in the stands above the disc. The roller is made of separate disc elements, for example, antifriction bearings, set parallel on the axis with slewing capacity against each other.

EFFECT: increases quality of dosing and flatting at simultaneity of operations.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to machines for the preparation of feed for feeding animals.

A device for grinding grain fodder, comprising a housing, a loading hopper with a feeder, a working body in the form of two parallel disks, one of which is movable [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to obtain flattened grain. The final product is obtained in the form of derti, which has a different particle size distribution with a predominance of dust particles.

A device is known that includes two flatting rollers with the possibility of rotation in the opposite direction, a loading hopper with a dispenser [2].

The disadvantage of this device is to increase energy intensity and decrease productivity due to slippage of the grain material. To improve the exciting ability of flattening rollers, it is necessary to increase their diameter, which increases the dimensions of the machine.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a device containing a hopper with a metering cuff mounted on the discharge neck of the hopper, a disk with a curved scraper and a shell with an unloading tray [3].

The disadvantage of this device is its low functional ability, in particular the inability to flatten the metered grain.

The objective of the present invention is aimed at creating a technical solution that allows you to combine flattening grain with a dosed feed.

The technical result is aimed at expanding the technological capabilities of the device with improving the quality of dosing and conditioning of grain.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for dispensing and flattening grain, including a hopper with a metering cuff on the discharge neck of the hopper, a disk with a curved scraper and a shell with an discharge tray, is equipped with a roller mounted diametrically opposite to the discharge neck of the hopper in the supports above the disk. Moreover, the roller is made of separate disk elements, for example, rolling bearings mounted in parallel on the axis and with the possibility of rotation relative to each other.

It is advisable to install a hopper with an unloading neck radially to the side of the center of rotation of the disk. In this case, the unloading neck of the hopper and cuff in cross section is made in the form of a rectangle, the larger side is radial to the disk, the roller supports can be spring-loaded.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for dispensing and flattening grain; figure 2 is a view a in figure 1, figure 3 is a section of the roller BB in figure 1, figure 4 is a section bb in figure 1.

The device consists of a hopper 1, ending in the lower part of the discharge neck 2, on which the metering sleeve 3 is mounted with the possibility of movement. The discharge neck 2 of the hopper and the metering sleeve 3 in cross section are made in the form of a rectangle located on the larger side radially to the disk 4. Diametrically opposite to the discharge the neck 6 in the bearings 5, a roller 6 is installed above the disk. The roller is made of separate disk elements 7, for example, rolling bearings located in parallel on axis 8 with the possibility of rotation Nia relative to each other. To eliminate friction of the lateral sides of the disk elements against each other, spacers 9 with a thickness of 0.1 ... 0.15 mm are installed on the axis 7. Such a gap between the disk elements eliminates clogging with grain during flattening. A protective longitudinal cap 10 is installed at the end of the drum 10. The roller bearings have a pressing device 10, which consists of guides 12, where the roller bearings 5 are placed 6. A threaded rod 13 is installed in the upper part of the support, which fixes the axis 8 from turning when the roller rotates 6. A spring 14 is mounted on the shaft 13, abutting against the washer 15 at one end and the upper crosspiece 16 at the other, where an opening for the outlet of the threaded rod 13 is made. The working gap between the roller 6 and the disk 4 is adjusted using interchangeable shims 1 7. The amount of compression of the springs 14 with the help of nuts 18 provides the necessary force when flattening the grain. Also, the clamping device 11 eliminates the breakdown of the working bodies when solid foreign objects get under the roller during rotation of the disk 4. The roller 6 is thus lifted in the guides 12, compressing the springs 14.

Around the disk 4 there is a stationary shell 19 with a gap in the lateral surface. In this zone, a curved scraper 20 and an unloading chute 21 are adjacent to the disk. The roller bearings are mounted on racks 22 mounted on the frame 23. The disk 4 is rotated from the drive 24.

The device operates as follows. The grain is loaded into the hopper 1. Using the cuff 3, the required capacity is established by placing it at one or another distance relative to the disk 4. The grain from the hopper flows by gravity onto the rotating disk 4 and fills it along the entire working length equal to the larger side of the cuff 3. At the same time the lower edge of the cuff 3 aligns the grain layer on the disk in height during rotation of the disk 4. The frequency of rotation of the disk is selected so that the centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the disk is less than the friction force generated by movement EPHA on the surface of the disc. The shell 19 eliminates the accidental ejection of grain from the disk 4. Next, the evenly distributed grain enters under the roller 6, which leads to its jamming and rotation of the drum. Due to the fact that the linear speed on the disk is different, depending on the radius, when jamming the grain under the roller, its individual disk elements 7, the rolling bearings, begin to rotate on the axis 8 also at different speeds, which provides an effective grasping ability of the grain with the roller with its further flattening without breaking grain into separate parts. Flattened grain, coming out from under the roller 6 during rotation of the disk 4, encounters a stationary curved scraper 20, which is discarded from the disk 4 into the discharge tray 21 and is removed from the device.

The use of a rectangular-shaped cuff in a cross section mounted radially to the side from the center of rotation of the disk allows the grain material to be aligned in height on the surface of the disk when it is rotated before being fed for conditioning, which improves the quality of dosing. The use of a roller made of separate disk elements, for example, rolling bearings mounted on an axis with the possibility of rotation relative to each other, allows the grain to be grasped without slipping with further high-quality flattening without destroying its integrity.

The expansion of functionality by combining the operations of conditioning and dosing allows you to achieve the required quality of the final product while saving energy and technological resources.

LITERATURE

1. Copyright certificate No. 622492, B02C 7/14.

2. Copyright certificate No. 1041146, V02C 4/06.

3. Makarov A.P. The mechanization of the preparation and distribution of feed on the farm M .: Kolos, 1966, p. 91 ... 95.

Claims (5)

1. A device for dispensing and flattening grain, containing a hopper with a metering cuff on the discharge neck of the hopper, a disk with a curved scraper and a shell with an discharge tray, characterized in that it is equipped with a roller installed in supports above the disk diametrically opposite to the discharge neck of the hopper, and made of separate disk elements mounted in parallel on the axis of the roller with the possibility of rotation relative to each other. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper with the discharge neck is installed radially to the side of the center of rotation of the disk. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge neck of the hopper and cuff in cross section is made in the form of a rectangle, the larger side radially to the disk. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk elements are made in the form of rolling bearings. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller bearings are spring-loaded.

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