RU2234208C2 - Share for broadcast sowing of cereals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used for broadcast sowing of farm crops.

SUBSTANCE: share has point made in the form of A-hoe, and seed distributor arranged under A-hoe. Seed distributor in mounted on inclined platform rearward of seed guide axis in direction of advancement of share at an angle α and is offset forward of seed guide axis in direction of advancement of share by eccentricity value. Seed distributor is made in the form of two symmetrical wings directed to opposite sides in transverse plane and made in the form of brachistochrone-type curved rectangles. Diameter of effective discharge section of seed guide is equal to diameter of brachistochrone generatrix circle. Soil-protecting device is arranged above seed distributor and inclined platform and is made in the form of box closed from the top and mounted on site of, for example, rectangular shape.

EFFECT: uniform and distant distribution of seeds over the width of share and increased yield of farm crops.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the openers of seeders for soil-spread sowing of crops.

One of the ways to ensure uniform distribution of seeds over the feeding area is to choose a rational design of the seed distributor and determine the optimal parameters of its installation in direct relation to the coulter parameters and based on the whole complex of factors affecting the quality of seed distribution.

A device for sowing seeds and fertilizing (RU 2109434 C1, A 01 C 7/20, A 01 B 49/06), containing a closed cultivating paw, seed tube, seed distributor, in which the lower part of the seed tube is installed between the collecting funnel and the seed distributor an inclined reflector, while the length of the catching funnel is at least 1.2 of the diameter of its neck, and the size of the passage section formed by the inclined reflector and the vas deferens is 0.3 ... 0.4 of the inner diameter of the vas deferens.

A known opener for the variable seeding of seeds and fertilizers (RU 2101906 C1, 6 A 01 C 7/20), containing a paw attached to the rack, to which the vas deferens is attached. The divider is a trihedral pyramid, the rear face of which is an equilateral triangle, and the other two at the apex make an angle of 125 °. The reflector is a cylindrical surface.

The disadvantage of these coulters with passive seed dispensers made in the form of plates, prisms, cones or more complex combined forms is that such dispensers do not provide a significant increase in the sowing width, they become clogged with soil that crumbles from the wings of the narralnik, causing seeding rate.

The closest analogue adopted for the prototype of the claimed device is a coulter for broadband sowing (SU 1746921, A 01 C 7/20), consisting of a stand with a seed guide funnel, to the lower end of which with a metal wedge a lancet foot is fixed, under which there is a distributor seeds, made in the form of two wings, symmetrical along the bending line, in the form of rectangular trapeziums, curved along a parabola, divorced in opposite directions in the transverse vertical plane, and the angle at which the wings are divorced I in front of the distributor, divorce greater than the angle of the wings in its rear portion and the rear edge of the distributor located in a vertical plane. The length of the upper base of the trapezoid is 1/3 of the diameter of the seed of the guiding funnel, and the angle between the non-parallel sides of the trapezoid is determined by the ratio:

α = arcos B / 2r, where B is the coulter grip width, r is the distance from the projection of the upper point of the trailing edge of the distributor onto a horizontal plane to the end of the wing of the leg.

The disadvantage of this seed distributor is the insufficient seed distribution range over the opener width.

The objective of the invention is to increase the range and uniformity of seed distribution over the width of the opener and eliminating the possibility of clogging the seed distributor crumbling from the wings of the narralnik soil.

This object is achieved in that the coulter consists of a narralnik in the form of a lancet paw, under which there is a seed distributor mounted on an inclined platform, thereby deviating from the axis of the vas deferens back along the opener by an angle α and offset from the axis of the vas deferens forward along the direction of the opener by ε value, and is made in the form of two wings, symmetrical along the bending line, in the form of rectangles, curved along the brachistochrone, spread in opposite directions in the transverse plane, and the diameter of the output section of the vas deferens vein diameter of the circumference brachistochrone seed distributor, the distributor over the seeds and inclined platform disposed soil protection device in the form of a box, closed at the top and mounted on, e.g., a quadrangle

The inventive device is illustrated in the following drawings.

Figure 1 - device opener for seedless sowing seeds of grain crops.

Figure 2 - device of the opener for seedless sowing of seeds of grain crops, side view.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the movement of seeds along the distributor and the inclined platform.

The opener coulter of seedless sowing of seeds of grain crops on (Figure 1, 2) consists of a narralik 1 in the form of a lancet paw, a seed distributor 2, an inclined platform 3, a seed tube 4, a soil protection device 5. A seed distributor 2 is mounted on an inclined platform 3 in such a way that its middle line (conditional) is offset relative to the axis of the vas deferens by the amount of eccentricity 6, the inclined platform is deviated from the horizon backward along the coulter at an angle 7. Soil protection is installed above the seed distributor and the inclined platform e device consisting of a duct 8 closed with a lid 10 and placed on the platform 9 in the form of a quadrilateral. The soil protection device is attached to the coulter stand using screw 11 and nut 12.

The device operates as follows.

Seeds from the vas deferens 1 enter the curved surface of the seed distributor 2 (Figure 3). When moving along a curved surface, the seeds smoothly change their direction of movement and with minimal loss of kinetic energy and enter the inclined platform 3, where they are distributed along the entire width of the opener and along curved paths they enter the bottom of the furrow opened by the opener, where they are sealed with soil leaving the opener. To ensure better sowing of seeds in the middle of the sowing strip, the seed distributor is shifted forward in the direction of movement of the coulter relative to the axis of the vas deferens by the amount of eccentricity 6 and relative to the vertical by angle 7 (Figure 2). In this case, the seeds from the vas deferens immediately fall on the inclined section, where they are distributed in the middle of the sown strip. The possibility of clogging the seed distributor with earth is excluded due to the presence of a soil-protecting device in the device of the proposed opener.

The shape of the curve of the seed distributor is selected taking into account the advantages of distributors with curvilinear generators, where the seeds smoothly change their direction of movement with minimal loss of kinetic energy, enter the sub-sowing space, where they are sown to the bottom of the furrow. In order for the speed of movement of seeds to reach maximum values at the point of vanishing from the curve, the curve must satisfy the conditions for the fastest movement of particles over a certain period of time. Such a curve, by definition, is a brachistochron. The diameter of the outlet of the vas deferens is equal to the diameter of the generatrix of the brachistochrone of the seed distributor, which ensures the direction of the seed to the top of the distributor and the loss of kinetic energy.

Ensuring the necessary speed of seed gathering is one of the important prerequisites for a uniform distribution of seeds over the field area, but by itself it cannot completely solve the problem of uniform distribution, since for this it is necessary that the seed flow entering the distributor, firstly, be uniform over the section of the vas deferens, secondly, it was fed strictly to the top of the divider. These two conditions are necessary, since preliminary experimental studies have established that failure to fulfill these conditions (even very insignificant) leads to a significant uneven distribution of seeds along the coulter grip width.

One of the reasons that causes a change in the grain flow inside the vas deferens is a change in its position in space, expressed in the deviation of the vas deferens from the vertical position, which leads to the fact that the flow of seeds falling inside it moves to any of its walls and does not reach the top divider. As a result, the seeds are distributed unevenly over the width of the opener.

The listed drawbacks are deprived of the distributor, made in the form of two wings, symmetrical along the bending line, in the form of rectangles, curved along the brachistochrone, spread out in opposite directions in the transverse vertical plane. With such a distributor, the entire surface is involved in the distribution of seeds. To ensure better seeding in the middle of the sowing strip, the divider is shifted forward along the coulter by the amount of eccentricity.

The main parameters characterizing the distribution range of seeds are: the width of the inclined platform, the speed of seed flow to the inclined section and the angle of inclination of the inclined platform to the horizon α.

The proposed opener device for rowless sowing of grain crops provides the presence of the main factors affecting productivity - this is the uniformity and range of seed distribution over the width of the opener.

Claims (4)

1. A coulter for seedless sowing of grain crops, containing a narrows in the form of a lancet paw, a seed tube and a seed distributor, made in the form of two wings symmetrical along the bending line, divided in opposite directions in the transverse vertical plane, the seed distributor located under the lancet paw, characterized in that the seed distributor is installed on the base, which is an inclined platform, the wings of the seed distributor are made in the form of quadrangles, curved along the brachistochrone, and the diameter the meter of the outlet of the vas deferens is equal to the diameter of the generatrix of the brachistochrone of the seed distributor. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined platform is tilted at an angle α to the horizontal opposite to the opener movement. 3. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed distributor is installed taking into account the displacement of its midline relative to the axis of the vas deferens forward along the movement of the opener by the amount of eccentricity. 4. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a soil protection device mounted above the vas deferens and the inclined platform and representing, for example, a box closed from above and mounted on a platform in the shape of, for example, a quadrangle.

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