RU2415543C1 - Sowing section of seed-fertiliser seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: sowing section comprises a bracket, fingers, traction rods, a spring, a stand, an axis, a disc knife, a combined ploughshare. Stand is arranged as L-shaped, and axis is rigidly fixed to its lower part to hold the disc knife with flange. A combined ploughshare is fixed by means of plate to L-shaped stand behind disc knife. Ploughshare comprises two seed-fertiliser tubes and a fertiliser tube, rigidly joined to each other and fixed on plate. Lower ends of seed-fertiliser tubes arranged over cutting edge of disc knife are bent at sharp angles accordingly to the right and left so that distance between them is equal to width of space between rows. Gates are hingedly fixed in cavities of seed-fertiliser tubes arranged with trapezoid form, and larger bases of trapezoids are facing down. Flat springs are joined to gates, bent at the angle of 90. Lower end of fertiliser-tube is bent backward and is arranged at the level of lower edge of disc knife. Lifting lever is hingedly fixed in upper part of fertiliser-tube and is arranged in the form of trident. Middle tooth of trident is arranged in cavity of lower end of fertiliser tube, and two extreme teeth are bent down by arc, over middle tooth there is a spring gate. ^ EFFECT: invention will make it possible to reduce energy inputs, due to combination of sowing operations and application of main and starter doses of fertilisers, oriented arrangement of fertilisers relative to plant root system. ^ 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for sowing grain crops with simultaneous local application of mineral fertilizers, and can be used on grain fertilizer seeders.

Known opener [RU 2233063 C1, 7 A01C 7/20, 07/27/2004], designed for sowing grain. The coulter contains the vas deferens, stand and paw. In the front of the paw, the rack of which is tilted forward, a vertical flat knife with a blunt angle of entry is installed. The back of the rack goes into a vertical plate fin. The coulter height gradually decreases from the front to the back. In the sublap zone, a prismatic spreader and seed distributor are located. The distributor is made in the form of stripes helically curved around its axis, fan-oriented in the horizontal plane from the center to the periphery of the coulter.

The disadvantages of this device include the following: the absence of a compacted sowing bed, the absence of elements that provide fertilizer below the sowing level, the issue of preventing soil from clogging the vas deferens when the combined coulter is accidentally moved back is not resolved.

Known opener [SU 1627103 A1, 5 A01C 7/20, 02/15/1991], designed for sowing grain. The coulter includes a disc and an anchor groove opener. The disk and its rotation axis relative to the axis of symmetry of the anchor groove opener are mounted obliquely at different angles, and their intersection point is offset from the symmetry axis of the anchor groove opener in the transverse direction. When the disc is rotated to the point of contact with the anchor groove opener, the cutting edge of the disc, moving along the front edge of the groove opener, dumps soil and plant debris from it. In this case, the operation of the disk without jamming is ensured by a specific installation of the disk relative to its axis of rotation and the axis of symmetry of the anchor groove opener.

The disadvantages of this device include the following: there are no elements that provide fertilizer below the sowing level, weed cutting is not carried out throughout the cultivated area, and the sowing depth is not controlled.

A device is known [RU 2350064 C1, A01C 7/00, 09/21/2007], intended for sowing grain crops with simultaneous local application of mineral fertilizers. The device includes a frame, to which a circular knife is fixed with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, a combinated opener is rigidly fixed to the seeder frame, and an equalizer-seal is installed after the opener.

The disadvantages of this device include the following: high material consumption, difficulty in manufacturing, the issue of preventing clogging of the pipelines with soil when the combined coulter is accidentally moved back is not resolved.

The objective of the invention is the reduction of energy costs by combining a number of technological operations; increasing the efficiency of fertilizers by simultaneously introducing the main and sowing doses; increasing grain yields due to the oriented placement of fertilizers relative to the root system of plants; improving the technological reliability of the process of sowing seeds and fertilizing by preventing soil from clogging the seed ducts when the combined coulter is accidentally moved backward.

Figure 1 - sowing section of grain-seeder attached to the frame, side view; figure 2 is a combined opener, side view; figure 3 - combined opener, top view; figure 4 - combined opener, rear view; figure 5 - spring damper, side view and top view; 6 is a lifting lever, side view and top view.

The sowing section of the grain-fertilizer seeder, rigidly attached to the frame 1, turns on the bracket 2; fingers 3; traction 4 and 5; spring 6; L-shaped rack 7; axis 8; circular knife 9 with a flange 10; combination opener 11; seven pipelines 12; piping 13; plate 14; stiffener 15; flat springs 16; shutters 17; spring damper 18; lifting arm 19.

The sowing section of the grain-seeder seeder contains a L-shaped stand 7 connected by two parallel rods 4 and 5, fastened with a diagonal 6 spring and fingers 3 with a bracket 2. To the lower part of the L-shaped stand 7, an axis 8 is fixedly fixed, on which a disk a knife 9 with a flange 10. The ribs 10, made in the form of a ring, are rigidly attached to the disk knife 9. Behind the disk knife 9 to the L-shaped rack 7 through the plate 14 is fixed a combined opener 11. In the plate 14 there are a number of holes.

The combined opener 11 comprises two seed ducts 12 and a fertilizer duct 13 rigidly connected to each other and mounted on the plate 14. The lower ends of the seed duct 12, located above the cutting edge of the disk knife 9, are bent to acute angles to the right and left, respectively, so that the distance between them is equal to the width aisles. In the cavities of the lower bent ends of the seed ducts 12, trapezoidal shutters 17 are pivotally fixed, the large bases of the trapezoid facing down, flat springs 16 connected to the shutters 17, bent at an angle of 90 °. The lower end of the piping 13 is bent back and placed at the level of the lower edge of the disk knife 9. To the lower end of the piping 13 in its upper part is a lifting lever 19 made in the form of a trident, the middle tooth is placed in the cavity of the lower end of the piping 13, and two extreme teeth bent in an arc down. A spring shutter 18 is fixed above the middle tooth.

The combined opener 11 contains stiffeners 15 installed in front of the fertilizer seed tubes 12, the vertical section of which is represented by a triangle.

The sowing section of the grain fertilizer seeder works as follows.

When lowering the frame of the seeder 1 in the working position and its movement, the disk knife 9, standing in front of the combined opener 11, is immersed in the soil, where it forms a gap, where the lower end of the duct 13 enters after it, while the extreme teeth of the lifting arm 19, bent over downward arc, interact with the soil and occupy a horizontal position. Moreover, the middle tooth of the lifting arm 19, acting on the spring damper 18, opens the cavity of the hose line 13 and the main dose of mineral fertilizers, which provides power to two rows of crops, enters the previously formed gap.

Further deepening of the disk knife 9 into the soil occurs until the flanges 10 that are rigidly attached to the disk knife 9 come into contact with it. At the same time, stiffeners 15 interact with the soil, giving the coulter additional rigidity, and also reducing its resistivity, and the lower ends of the seed tubes 12, bent to acute angles to the right and left, respectively, forming inclined slots in the soil.

In this case, the flaps 17, pivotally mounted in the cavities of the lower bent ends of the seed duct 12, interacting with the soil, overcome the resistance of the flat springs 16, bent at an angle of 90 °, open the cavity of the fertilizer seed duct 12, through which seeds and starter fertilizer enter the soil.

Rebord 10, running on untreated soil, when hitting an unevenness, acting on the axis 8, and accordingly the L-shaped stand 7, parallel rods 4 and 5, fastened by a spring 6 placed in a diagonal direction, provide a combination coulter 11. This is due to vertical movement of the L-shaped rack 7, which allows you to keep constant the specified depth of sowing.

When the flanges 10 fall into a depression on the soil surface, parallel rods 4 and 5, fastened by a spring 6 through the L-shaped rack 7, deepen the combined coulter 11.

The change in the depth of sowing is achieved by displacing the plate 14, in which a number of holes are made, relative to the L-shaped rack 7.

When the unit stops, a spring shutter 18, mounted above the middle tooth of the lifting arm 19, overcoming the soil resistance exerted on the lifting arm 19, closes the cavity of the pipe line 13.

Similarly, the ingress of soil into the cavity of the fertilizer seed tubes 12 is prevented, since the flat springs 16, bent at an angle of 90 ° and attached to the shutters 17, tend to close them.

Using this sowing section allows you to reduce energy costs by combining a number of technological operations, increase the efficiency of fertilizers by simultaneously applying the main and sowing doses, increase grain yield due to the oriented placement of fertilizers relative to the root system of plants; to increase the technological reliability of the process of sowing seeds and fertilizing by preventing soil from clogging the seed ducts when the combined coulter is accidentally moved backward.

Claims (1)

The sowing section of a grain-seeder seeder containing a bracket, fingers, traction, a spring, a stand, an axis, a circular knife with a flange, a combined opener, characterized in that the stand is L-shaped, and the axis on which the circular knife is mounted is rigidly fixed to its lower part with a flange, while a combined coulter is fixed to the L-shaped rack by a plate by means of a plate, which includes two seven-ducts and a fertilizer duct, rigidly interconnected and fixed to the plate, the lower ends of the seven-ducts being located higher than the cutting edge of the circular knife, bent to acute angles to the right and left, respectively, so that the distance between them is equal to the row spacing, and trapezoidal shutters are pivotally fixed in their cavities, with large trapezoid bases facing down, flat springs are attached to the shutters, bent at an angle of 90 °, while the lower end of the piping is bent back and placed at the level of the lower edge of the disk knife, and in its upper part a lifting lever made in the form of a trident is pivotally fixed, and the middle tooth placed in the cavity of the lower end tukoprovoda, and the two outer tooth are bent downward in an arc, over the middle tooth fixed spring damper.

Images