RU2231247C2 - Spool-type seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, seeding units for precise sowing of round seeds, such as pea, soya, amaranth, garden radish etc.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has hopper for seeds, seeding spool mounted in casing on horizontal shaft and flexible seed baffle. Seeding members are arranged in circumferential rows on spool cylindrical surface, said members being made in the form of conical slots. Troughs are arranged in inclined position on casing bottom, with number of troughs being equal to number of rows of slots. Seeds are directed along troughs into feeding window of ejector. Angle of inclination of troughs exceeds angle of friction of seeds against trough surface. Angle of inclination of cone generatrix of seeding members with respect to axial line exceeds angle of seed friction against conical slot surface. Diameter of slot base is determined from expression: D_k=D_s((1+sinα)/cosα), where D_s is diameter of seed.

EFFECT: increased efficiency owing to eliminating of seed jamming and damage and improved selection of single seeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to devices for sowing round-shaped seeds, for example, peas, soybeans, amaranth, radishes, etc.

Close devices are coil metering devices presented in USSR copyright certificates No. 1313370 A1, class. A 01 C 7/12, 05.30.87, No. 1440388 A1, cl. A 01 С 7/12, 30.11.88, as well as Russia No. 2134502 C1, cl. A 01 C 7/12, 08.20.99.

In the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1313370 A1, cl. A 01 C 7/12, 05/30/88 a coil meter is presented, consisting of a housing with a coaxially mounted coupling with a rib, a grooved coil, a socket and a bottom installed under it, connected from the side of the socket to the shutter. The disadvantage of this device is the high unevenness of supply and injury of seeds falling between the ribs of the coil and the shutter.

Copyright certificate SU No. 1440388, cl. A 01 C 7/12, 30.11.88, was issued to a sowing apparatus containing a housing, a coil with a coupling and a socket. The socket is placed between the outer wall of the housing and the compensation gasket with through grooves, limited from axial displacement by the heads of the stops of the latch. In this device, a high proportion is observed, which leads to uneven distribution of seeds in a row.

Copyright certificate RU No. 2134502 C1, cl. A 01 C 7/12, 08/20/99 describes a reel-brush sowing apparatus containing a seed box with a socket, a reel mounted on the shaft with grooves, the spool ribs and slots being made stepwise in height and arranged at an angle. A brush frame is fixed along the entire length of the end part of the oblique ribs. The disadvantage of this device is that the seeds get stuck in the brush frame, which leads to an uneven supply of seeds.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention (prototype) is the design of the reel metering device according to the copyright certificate SU No. 1727616 A1, class. A 01 C 7/12, 04/23/92.

The apparatus comprises a housing, a shaft, a coil, on the cylindrical surface of which grooves for seeds are made, elastic reflectors, thresholds and a socket. The disadvantages of this invention are the high portioning and the possibility of pinching the seeds between the elastic reflector and the edge of the trough of the coil, since the angle between the reflector and the tangent surface of the coil is more than 90 °.

The technical task is to reduce the portioning of the seed supply and the exclusion due to the possibility of piece selection of seeds without injuring them.

The objective is achieved in that in a reel metering apparatus comprising a housing with a reel mounted on it on a horizontal shaft with elements for capturing seeds and elastic reflector made on its cylindrical surface, according to the invention, the elements for gripping are made in the form of rows of conical recesses, each of which has the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone to the center line is greater than the angle of friction of the seeds on the surface of the cone-shaped recesses, and the diameter of the base of the cone corresponds to the expression

D _to = D _s ((1 + sinα) / cosα),

where α is the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone from the center line;

D _to - the diameter of the base of the conical recess;

D _s - the diameter of the grain,

each row of cone-shaped recesses has its own groove for feeding seeds from the coil to the ejector receiving window with an angle of inclination of the bottom of the groove greater than the angle of friction of the seeds on the surface of the groove, and the elastic reflector is located at an acute angle to the tangent circumference of the cylindrical surface of the coil.

In contrast to the prototype, n - rows of cone-shaped recesses (where n is the number of coulters) are made around the circumferential circumference of the coil, and the elastic reflector is located at an acute angle to the tangent circumference of the cylindrical surface of the coil. Conical grooves are made so that the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone from the center line α is greater than the angle of friction of the seeds on the surface of the conical grooves φ ₁ , and the diameter of the base of each cone:

D _to = D _s ((1 + sinα) / cosα),

where φ ₁ is the angle of friction of the seed on the surface of the cone-shaped recess;

α is the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone from the center line;

D _to - the diameter of the base of the conical recess;

D _s - the diameter of the grain.

The novelty and originality of the proposed design lies in the fact that on the surface of the coil there are elements for capturing seeds in the form of cone-shaped recesses, each of which has an angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone to the center line α greater than the angle of friction of the seed on the surface of the cone-shaped recess φ ₁ and with the diameter of the base of the cone

D _to = D _s ((1 + sinα) / cosα),

where φ ₁ is the angle of friction of the seed on the surface of the cone-shaped recess;

α is the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone from the center line;

D _to - the diameter of the base of the conical recess;

D _s - the diameter of the grain,

and the elastic reflector is located at an acute angle to the tangent surface of the coil. The selection of such an angle α allows unloading of grain from a cone-shaped recess without jamming. Calculation of D _{k is} made from the condition that each seed is completely recessed in a cone-shaped recess, while the outer surface of the seed should be at the level of the surface of the coil. This avoids injury to the seeds by the reflector and performs piece selection. The elastic reflector is located at an acute angle to the tangent surface of the coil so that it ensures the removal of excess seeds without pinching them between the reflector and the coil.

Such a design allows the use of this reel apparatus in seeders with mechanical seed feeding for piece selection of round-shaped grains (for example, peas, soy, millet, amaranth, radish, radish, etc.).

In Fig.1 shows a coil metering device, a side view, Fig.2 is a diagram of the location of the grain in a cone-shaped recess, Fig.3 shows a coil metering device, view aa, Fig.4 shows a coil metering device, view B- B.

The coil metering apparatus comprises a hopper (1) with seeds, under which the housing (2) of the metering apparatus is located. A coil (4) is installed in the housing (2) on the horizontal shaft (3), on the cylindrical surface of which n - rows of conical recesses (5) are made around the circumference, in each of which the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone to the axial line α is greater than the angle of friction of the seed o the surface of the conical recess (5) φ ₁ and the diameter of the base of the cone D _to = D _z ((1 + sinα) / cosα), an elastic seal (6), side seals (7) (shown in figure 3) and an elastic reflector (8 ) located at an acute angle to the tangent circle of the cylindrical surface of the coil (4). The introduction of an acute angle to the tangent circle of the cylindrical surface of the coil (4) ensures the removal of excess seeds without injuring them on the surface of the coil (4) and is optimal in the range of 30-40 degrees. At the bottom (9) of the body (2), located at an angle β, grooves (10) are made (Fig. 4), and the angle of inclination β is greater than φ _{2 the} angle of friction of the seed against the bottom (9) of the body (2). Each row of cone-shaped recesses (5) corresponds to the receiving window of the ejector (11), the ejector (12). The ejector (12) consists of the duct (13) and the vas deferens (14). The diameter of the conical recess (5) was determined from the condition that each seed was completely recessed in the conical recess (5), while the external surface of the seed should be at the level of the surface of the coil (4). From ΔАOW (figure 2) it is seen that

where R _s is the radius of the grain,

α is the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone to the center line.

Express X:

X = R _s ((1-sinα) / cosα).

From ΔAEC:

where R _to is the radius of the cone-shaped recess.

Solving equations (3) and (4) together, we obtain

R _k = R _s ((1 + sinα) / sinα).

After transforming, we get:

D _to = D _s ((1 + sinα) / sinα),

where D _to - the diameter of the base of the conical recess;

D _s - the diameter of the grain.

The axial lines of the conical grooves (5) around the circumference of the coil (4) coincide with the axial lines of each groove (10), and the distance between the rows of conical grooves (5) is greater than or equal to two wall thicknesses of the groove (10). The material of which the coil (4) and the bottom (9) of the housing (2) are made may differ from each other, therefore, different friction angles φ ₁ and φ _{2 are} introduced, which corresponds to the angle of friction of the seed against the surface of the cone-shaped recess (5) and the angle of friction seed on the bottom surface (9) of the body (2). To reduce friction on the surface of the coil (4), it is proposed to apply a layer of material with a low coefficient of friction (for example, fluoroplastic, materials with a silicone base, etc.). Moreover, the surface of the conical recess (5) can not be covered with this layer, since the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone from the axial line α is greater than the angle of friction of the seed on the surface of the conical recess (5) φ ₁ . This condition also makes it possible to exclude various seed ejectors from the design, since the design of the coil (4) allows self-unloading of seeds. The introduction of the angle of inclination of the bottom (9) of the casing (2) β greater than the angle of friction of the seed against the bottom (9) of the casing (2) φ ₂ allows you to guarantee delivery of seeds from the conical recess (5) to the receiving window of the ejector (11) without the formation of seed congestion.

Coil metering device operates as follows. Seeds from the hopper (1) by gravity flow to a rotating coil (4), where they are individually captured by the conical recesses (5) of the coil (4). Upon the exit of the corresponding cone-shaped recess (5) from the hopper (1), the elastic reflector (8) removes excess seeds, leaving one seed in the cone-shaped recesses (5), which is carried outside the hopper (1) and enters the corresponding channel (10) of the bottom (9) of the casing (2), and each seed, sliding, enters the receiving window of the ejector (11) and then into the ejector (12), where it is picked up by the air flow coming from the air pipe (13), sent to the corresponding seed pipe (14) and further to the opener (not shown). Each row of cone-shaped recesses (5) has its own groove (10) of the bottom (9) of the body (2), the ejector inlet window (11), the ejector (12), the air duct (13), and the vas deferens (14). The elastic seal (6) and side seals (7) do not allow seeds to wake up from the hopper (1) into the lower part of the housing (2). The performance of the sowing apparatus is regulated by the change of coils with a different number of conical recesses (5) in each row of the coil (4) and the speed of rotation of the coil (4) of the sowing apparatus.

Using the proposed design of the sowing apparatus provides improved technical and economic indicators and allows for piece-wise selection of seeds, which leads to their uniform distribution in rows and saves seed material, and also allows to provide several sowers with one sowing apparatus, which leads to savings in structural material.

Claims (1)

A seed metering apparatus comprising a housing with a coil mounted on it on a horizontal shaft with elements for capturing seeds made on its cylindrical surface and an elastic reflector, characterized in that the elements for capturing seeds are made in the form of rows of cone-shaped recesses, each of which has an angle of inclination of the generatrix cone from its center line, a larger angle of friction of the seeds on the surface of the cone-shaped recesses, and the diameter of the base of the cone corresponds to the expression D _to = D _s ((1 + sinα) / cosα), where α is the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone from the center line; D _to - the diameter of the base of the conical recess; D _s - the diameter of the grain, each row of cone-shaped recesses has its own groove for feeding seeds from the coil to the ejector receiving window with an angle of inclination of the bottom of the groove larger than the angle of friction of the seeds on the surface of the groove, and the elastic reflector is located at an acute angle to the tangent circumference of the cylindrical surface of the coil.

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