RU2204096C1 - Working channel for grain or similar material drier (alternatives) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drying processes primarily using column-type grain driers. SUBSTANCE: working channel of first design alternative includes gas-permeable walls having inner surfaces of different profiles for admitting source drying agent to channel and discharging spend drying agent from the latter. One of them is made of louver strips. Source drying agent admission wall on at least part of channel length is made of wire net or of perforated sheet including louver slits and spent drying agent discharge wall is made of louver strips. Working channel designed according to second design alternative includes gas-permeable walls with inner surfaces equal in profile for admitting source drying agent to and discharging spent drying agent from channel. First of them has louvers made of strips deflecting from surface of wall formed by them and secured in a spaced relation to each other. Second wall also made of louver strips on at least part of channel length. Angles of mentioned deflection of strips in source agent discharge wall are smaller than in spent agent discharge wall. Working channel of third design alternative has gas-permeable walls with inner surfaces of different profile for admitting drying agent to and discharging spent drying agent from channel. Gas-permeable walls are built on at least part of channel length of louver sheets. Louver projections in source drying agent admission wall are directed outwardly and those in spent drying agent discharge wall, inwardly. Each design alternative provides for passing grain over channel wall admitting drying agent within shorter tine than over channel wall discharging spent drying agent. EFFECT: enhanced reliability and quality of drying process. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a drying technique and can be used mainly in core dryers.

 The well-known working channel of the grain dryer of the German company Topfa (Okun G.S., Ptitsyn S.D., Chizhikov A.G. Installations for drying grain abroad. Review of foreign literature. / Ed. By Ulrich N.N. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 1963. - S. 88-89, Fig. 54), including gas-permeable walls for entering the drying agent channel (it is a coolant) and for leaving it from the channel. These walls are made in the form of identical blinds from stripes.

 The same walls with louvres from the strips increase the material consumption of the analog channel and the conductive heat supply at the inlet of the original (hot and dry) coolant, that is, increase the cost and unevenness of drying inherent in core grain dryers.

 The prototype of the claimed inventions is the closest working channel of the core grain dryer (the same source of information, p. 88, Fig. 53), including gas permeable walls different in profile of the internal surfaces to enter the channel of the initial drying agent and to exit the channel of the spent drying agent . Moreover, the wall for the exit of the drying agent is made of mesh, and the wall for the entrance of the drying agent has blinds from the strips. Moreover, the said strips at equal angles are deflected from the plane of the wall formed by them and fixed with gaps from each other.

 The prototype channel is less material-intensive than the analog channel. However, the implementation of the prototype wall with blinds from the strips at the entrance to the channel of the original drying agent, and mesh at the exit of the channel of the spent coolant, for the drying process is not rational, because it is the cause of the following disadvantages.

 Firstly, the mesh wall in contact with the wet spent drying agent is easily clogged with the dust contained in it, small weeds and other light impurities of grain, and cleaning this wall, common with the exhaust gas pipeline, is difficult. Clogging at least part of the holes of this machine reduces the intensity of the purge of grain, which reduces the reliability and quality of drying.

 Secondly, grain moves more time at the louvre (ribbed) wall and is blown by the initial, hot and dry, drying agent, and in mesh (more even) - less time and is blown by the spent, that is, cooled and wet, drying agent. In this case, the difference in temperature and humidity of the grain at the first and second walls increases. In other words, different walls of the prototype channel do not reduce, but increase the unevenness of drying, worsening its quality.

 Thirdly, the wall with the blinds from the strips has an increased contact area with the drying agent and with the grain. This wall, installed at the inlet of the drying agent, increases the conductive heat supply, uneven heating and the risk of spoilage (frying) of grain, especially under severe thermal conditions, which reduces the quality of drying.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of drying by creating the conditions necessary to reduce the transit time of grain at the wall to enter the channel of the initial drying agent compared with the transit time of grain at the wall to exit the channel of the spent drying agent.

 This problem is solved by a group of three inventions.

 In the first embodiment, the claimed working channel of the dryer of grain or a similar material, like the prototype, includes gas permeable walls with different profiles of the internal surfaces to enter the channel of the initial drying agent and to exit the channel of the spent drying agent. And one of them has blinds from stripes. However, unlike the prototype, in the claimed channel, at least a part of its length, the wall for entering the initial drying agent is made of wire mesh or a sheet with holes, including slots such as blinds, and the wall for exiting the spent drying agent has blinds from the strips.

 The channel wall, made of mesh or of a sheet with small holes and even of a sheet with blinds, has a fairly smooth inner surface. Therefore, it provides a shorter path and increased speed, providing less resistance to grain movement near it, that is, it creates conditions for a lower exposure of drying at the inlet of the hot heat carrier than that of the opposite wall with louvres made of strips. The latter has relatively large protrusions along which neighboring layers of grain move more slowly, and along zigzag (longer) trajectories. Therefore, equal gas-permeable walls with the indicated inner surfaces, rationally installed in the new channel, in all cases of the invention according to the first embodiment provide a technical result, called in the task of the invention.

 In the second embodiment, the claimed working channel of the dryer of grain or a similar material, like the prototype, includes gas permeable walls with different profiles (according to its parameters) of internal surfaces for entering the channel of the initial drying agent and for leaving the channel of the spent drying agent. Moreover, the first of them has blinds made of strips deviated from the plane of the wall formed by them and fixed with gaps from each other. However, unlike the prototype, in the claimed channel, at least part of its length, the second gas-permeable wall also has louvres of stripes. Moreover, the angles of the indicated deviation of the strips in the wall for the entrance of the initial drying agent are less than in the wall for the exit of the spent drying agent.

 The smaller the angle of the indicated deviation of the strips forming the louvre wall (the less the protrusions and the greater the slope of the strips to the horizontal), the higher the speed, and also the shorter the path, since its steeper inclined sections and less zigzags, that is, the lower the grain drying exposure at this wall . Therefore, due to the proposed ratio of the said angle of inclination of the plates in the walls of the channel during the implementation of the invention according to the second embodiment, the technical result indicated above will always be ensured.

 In the third embodiment, the claimed working channel of the dryer of grain or a similar material, like the prototype, includes gas-permeable walls for entering the channel of the initial drying agent and for leaving the channel of the spent drying agent. However, unlike the prototype, in the claimed channel, at least part of its length, the gas-permeable walls are made of louvered sheets. Moreover, in the wall for the entrance of the initial drying agent, the protrusions of the blinds are directed outside the channel, and in the wall for the outlet of the spent drying agent - inward.

 On a louvre sheet, a surface without protrusions (with recesses) is smoother than with protrusions (ribbed). The first of them has less resistance to grain movement than the second. Therefore, near the smooth surface of the wall intended for the entrance of the drying agent, the grain will pass faster than near the ribbed one - at the wall for the exit of the drying agent. Therefore, when implementing the invention according to the third embodiment, the technical result indicated in the task of the inventions is always ensured. This option, which significantly reduces the material consumption of the channel, is designed for conditions where the probability of clogging of holes in the wall for the exit of the drying agent is small and there is access to clean the wall.

 The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

 Figure 1 shows a dryer with the declared working channels, the first option, a vertical cross section, diagram; figure 2 is a part of a vertical transverse section of the working channel, the second option; figure 3 is the same, the third option.

In the drawings, the following notation:
1 - gas-permeable wall for entering the channel of the initial drying agent;
2 - gas-permeable wall for the exit of the spent drying agent;
3 - stripes of blinds;
4 - receiving device;
5 - exhaust device;
6 - supply gas pipeline;
7 - heat generator;
8 - fan.

 The working channel of the grain dryer (Figs. 1-3) has gas-permeable walls 1 for entering the channel of the initial drying agent and 2 for exiting the channel of the spent drying agent. These walls, at least on a part of the channel length, are made different in profile of their inner surfaces for passing grain at wall 1 in less time than at wall 2. Three options are proposed for this.

 In the first embodiment (Fig. 1), the wall 1 for entering the drying agent is made of wire mesh or from a sheet with holes, including slots such as blinds, and the wall 2 for exiting the drying agent has blinds from strips 3. Therefore, the inner surface of the wall 1 is more even, its resistance to grain movement is less than wall 2 (see p. 2, 3).

In the second embodiment (figure 2), walls 1 and 2 have blinds from strips 3, moreover, equal in parameters. The strips 3 are deviated from the plane of the wall 1 or 2 formed by them and are fixed with gaps from each other. Moreover, the angles B _{1 of the} indicated deviation of the strips 3 in the wall 1, intended for the entrance of the drying agent, are smaller than the angles B ₂ in the wall 2 for its exit, that is, B ₁ <B ₂ . Therefore, the resistance to grain movement at wall 1 is less than that at wall 2 (see p. 3).

 In the third embodiment (Fig. 3), walls 1 and 2 are different in profile of their inner surfaces, although they are made of louvered sheets. At the same time, at the wall 1 for the entrance of the drying agent, the protrusions of the blinds are directed outside the channel, and in the wall 2 for its exit - inward. Therefore, grain can pass faster at wall 1 than at wall 2 (see p. 4).

 The dryer (Fig. 1) has a receiving 4 and an outlet 5 device, a drying chamber with a gas supply pipe 6 and two working channels, a system for creating a drying agent cross-flow channels in the working channels, containing a heat generator 7 and a fan 8. Each working channel has a gas-permeable wall 1 common to the gas pipeline 6 for entry of the drying agent and an outer wall 2 for its exit. Walls 1 and 2 can be made in the first embodiment (figure 1) or in the second (figure 2), or in the third (figure 3).

 Each working channel of the dryer operates as follows.

 The drying agent from the heat generator 7 by the fan 8 is pumped into the supply gas pipe 6 (Fig. 1). Raw grain in the form of a slowly falling embankment enters from each receiving channel 4 from the receiving device 4 and moves between its gas-permeable walls 1 and 2. Due to the excess pressure in the gas pipeline 6, the drying agent enters the channel through the openings in the wall 1, uniformly distributed over its area. The streams of the initial drying agent, which entered the working channel, cross the mound of grain passing through it, permeating it, drying it, giving off heat and moisturizing with evaporated moisture.

 In each channel (Figs. 1-3), the inner surface of wall 1, as noted above, has less resistance to grain movement than wall 2. Therefore, the layers of the grain embankment at wall 1 pass in less time than at wall 2. In the second and in the third options (figure 2, 3) this is additionally facilitated by the flows of the original drying agent, which are deflected downward at the wall 1. Due to this, the difference in temperature and humidity in the column dryers of the layers of the grain embankment passing at the wall 1 and blown by the initial drying agent, and the layers at the wall 2 interacting with the flows of the cooled and moistened drying agent deflected upward, is significantly reduced, especially in comparison with the channel prototype.

 In addition, due to the different resistance to the movement of grain at walls 1 and 2, as well as equal shrinkage and equal flowability of grain at these walls, there is a relative displacement and mixing of the layers of the grain embankment, which increases the uniformity and quality of drying.

 The flows of the spent drying agent coming out of the grain embankment pass through the openings in the louvered wall 2 (Figs. 1-3) and are discharged into the atmosphere. Moreover, the named wall 2, in contrast to the mesh in the channel of the prototype, is not clogged with impurities of grain, which reduces energy consumption and increases the reliability of the drying process.

 Dried in the working channel correctly exhaust device 5 is removed from the dryer (Fig. 1). Next, the grain is sent, for example, to an autonomous cooler (not shown).

 Other special cases of the invention are possible. For example, the working channel according to the third embodiment can be made not only rectangular (in cross section), as in the considered example, but also circular. The latter is rational for a continuous bunker dryer with a central gas supply line.

 The proposed options for the working channel of the dryer eliminate the cause of the noted disadvantages of the channel of the prototype. The above information confirms the possibility of implementing these options with the implementation of the purpose of the channel and the achievement of the technical result indicated in the task of inventions.

 Prototypes of a grain dryer with working channels, made according to the first option, have been tested on farms. One of these dryers is being prepared for state acceptance testing. In addition, it is planned to develop grain dryers based on other variants of inventions.

Claims (3)

 1. The working channel of a dryer of grain or a similar material, including gas permeable walls different in profile of internal surfaces for entering the channel of the initial drying agent and to exit the channel of the spent drying agent, one of which has blinds from the strips, characterized in that at least on the part of the channel length, the wall for the entrance of the initial drying agent is made of wire mesh or of a sheet with holes, including slots such as blinds, and the wall for the exit of the spent drying agent has blinds from the strips.  2. The working channel of a dryer of grain or a similar material, including gas-permeable walls different in profile of internal surfaces for entering the channel of the initial drying agent and to exit the channel of the spent drying agent, the first of which has blinds from strips deviated from the plane of the wall formed by them and secured with gaps from each other, characterized in that at least on a part of the length of the channel the second gas-permeable wall also has louvres of strips, while the angles of the indicated deviation of the strips in the wall for the entrance of the original ag drying the coagulant is less than the wall to exit the exhaust drying agent.  3. The working channel of the dryer of grain or a similar material, including gas-permeable walls different in profile of internal surfaces for entering the channel of the initial drying agent and to exit the channel of the spent drying agent, characterized in that at least part of the channel length the gas-permeable walls are made of louvres sheets, while in the wall for the entrance of the initial drying agent, the protrusions of the blinds are directed outside the channel, and in the wall for the outlet of the spent drying agent - inward.

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