RU2292921C2 - Method for increasing communication abilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; psychology.

SUBSTANCE: method involves giving group therapy session performed in several stages. Operator suggests the customers to lie down in dorsal position with legs stretched and arms arranged along the torso. Relaxing musical composition is performed. The operator asks a customer to close eyes and follow all the instructions. The customer is asked to breath in continuous hypopnoe mode during the first 1-3 min. It is asked to do deeper continuous breathing at the 4-6-th min. Deep tachypnoe breathing is asked to be done at the 7-8-th min. Then the operator visually determines the moment the customer enters into trance state on arising mimic facial muscle reflex and extremity muscle contraction. Next, situative surveillance of each customer is carried out during 30-35 min. Transition to incoherent hypopnoe mode is gradually accomplished from 35 to 40-th min, when the operator counts from ten to one with alternatively stressing and relaxing body muscles.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment.

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Description

The invention relates to psychology, in particular to psychotherapy, and serves to increase communication skills.

There are various approaches to improving communication skills. Today, the most common ways are group forms of work, socio-psychological training: psychodrama, art therapy, auto-training, role-playing games, group discussions, psycho-gymnastics. Psychodrama unites participants in special groups, where everyone on the stage reproduces the psycho-traumatic event experienced by him and thus reacts to it, or is present for the same purpose when staging special therapeutic plays [1]. Art therapy influences the personality by the methods of theatrical and visual arts by responding to psycho-traumatic experiences and reducing emotional tension. These include music therapy, therapy of creative expression, bibliotherapy [2]. Autotraining is used as a method of self-regulation of mental and autonomic functions in conditions of anxiety, emotional tension, unrest, fear. In this case, muscle relaxation is induced and systematic self-hypnosis is carried out [3]. In a role-playing game, emphasis is placed on interpersonal interaction [4]. During the group discussion, participants learn how to manage the group process of discussing problems, and also act as an ordinary participant in the discussion [5]. Psycho-gymnastics includes a variety of exercises aimed at creating a comfortable group atmosphere, increasing sensitivity in the perception of the world [6].

The overall goal of socio-psychological trainings is the formation of individual communication skills and abilities with their gradual transfer to practice. In all approaches used, the main thing is to master the technique of communication. Conducting lengthy systematic classes ensures the generation of stereotypical forms of behavior.

However, existing methods are not able to ensure the achievement of a full-fledged result due to the limited influence on the human subconscious.

The aim of the invention is to expand the capabilities of traditional methods of increasing communication skills while accelerating and simplifying this process.

The goal is achieved due to hyperventilation of the lungs, causing a state of trance and providing reflex release of the body from existing muscle blocks, with the simultaneous destruction of psychological complexes.

When implementing this method, the operator (which may be a psychotherapist, psychoanalyst, psychologist, etc.) and a group of clients are in a specially equipped psychotherapy room, provided with sound-reproducing equipment and places for convenient location of clients.

The operator offers customers to lie on their backs, straightening their legs and placing their hands next to the torso. Then a specially composed relaxation music composition is included. The operator offers to close his eyes and follow all his further instructions. The duration of the session is 40 minutes.

In the first 1-3 minutes of the session, clients are given an installation for superficial coherent breathing. At 4-6 minutes, it is proposed to switch to a deeper connected breathing (twice as deep as normal breathing). At 7-8 minutes, there is a transition to frequent (twice as often as usual breathing) deep coherent breathing. At 9-10 minutes, clients achieve a state of working breathing. The operator visually determines the entry of clients into a trance state by the appearance of reflex contraction of facial muscles of the face and muscles of the limbs. The next 30-35 minutes is individual work with the situational support of each client. From the 35th to the 40th minute, the client is taken out of a trance state: there is a gradual transition to superficial incoherent breathing, counting from ten to one with alternating tension and relaxation of the muscles of the body.

Example 1: For the study, 16 people of both sexes, 17-30 years old, with a low level of communication skills, assessed using the CBS 2 test (background indicators) were selected. By random sampling, they were equally divided into two groups: control and experimental. Socio-psychological training was conducted with the control group, and the proposed method was used in the experimental group. After completing the required 8-fold set of classes, for 40 minutes every fifth day, re-testing was carried out in groups (CBS 2). The results are shown in the table.

Table Comparative characteristics of changes in the indicator of the level of communicative abilities when using the traditional and proposed method Group The value of the indicator of communicative abilities (units) Statistical probability of differences (P) source achieved Control 5.5 ± 1.80 4.8 ± 1.64 p <0.5 Experienced 5.6 ± 1.66 10.3 ± 3.55 p <0.05

A statistical analysis of the results, performed by the Monceviciute-Ehringen method, confirmed the advantage of using the proposed method for increasing communication skills.

Example 2. Irina B. was characterized by a low level of communicative abilities, the CBS 2 indicator was 5 units, experienced insecurity, difficulty communicating with peers, was characterized by isolation, spoke inconsistently. After conducting an 8-fold training on the proposed method, she feels more free and confident, she practically got rid of the lack of integration in communication. CBS 2 increased to 12 units.

Example 3. Sveta T., the indicator of CBS 2 was 6 units. She assessed herself as a notorious person who has communication problems and hardly speaks to an audience. After completing an 8-fold training on the proposed method, her well-being improved, got rid of complexion, the CBS 2 increased to 10 units.

Information sources

1. Rudestam K., Group Psychotherapy. / Per. from English., 1990.

2. Osipova A.A. General Psychocorrection. - M.: SC "Sphere", 2000.

3. Guidelines for body-oriented therapy. - SPb .: Speech, 2000.

4. Psychological assistance and counseling. Under. ed. M.K. Tushkina, - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Dialectics Plus", 1999.

5. Methods of effective psychocorrection: a reader. / Comp. K.V. Selchenok, - Mn .: Harvest. 1999.

6. Nikolaev G.N. Training of psychotechnics of communication: Methodical recommendations. - Eagle, city social and educational center, 1993.

Claims (1)

A way to increase communication skills, including the use of group psychotherapy, characterized in that the group therapy session includes several stages, namely, the operator offers clients to lie on their back, legs straightened and hands resting next to the body, then include a relaxing music composition, the operator offers the client close their eyes and follow all his further instructions, then in the first 1-3 minutes of the session they offer clients to perform superficial coherent breathing, for 4-6 minutes they suggest switching to b deeper cohesive breathing, switch to frequent deep coherent breathing for 7-8 minutes, after which the operator visually determines the entry of clients into a trance state by the occurrence of reflex contraction of facial muscles of the face and limb muscles, then each client is situationally followed by 30-35 minutes, from the 35th to the 40th minute, a gradual transition to superficial incoherent breathing is carried out when the operator counts from ten to one with alternating tension and relaxation of the muscles of the body.