RU2287307C1 - Apparatus for processing of cucurbitaceous crop fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, cucurbitaceous crop fruit processing machines.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has hopper incorporating fruit breaking device and device for destructing fruits to obtain juice, flesh and seeds, tilt boards and flesh and juice collecting reservoirs. Fruit breaking device is made in the form of beater-and-knife drum with beaters and segments of knives staggered on drum surface. Rod-and-screen type concave is positioned under beater-and-knife drum. Rod and grid parts of concave are secured with one another by means of spacers. Device for destructing fruits to obtain juice, flesh and seeds is made in the form of baffling beater positioned at outlet end of beater-and-knife drum and closed with housing, and two beating and rubbing drums arranged under baffling beater one above another and equipped with beaters covered with elastic material and fixed along helical line on drum surfaces. Rubbing drums cooperate with one another through grid-type concave provided with cells enabling passage of separated seeds. Housing of upper rubbing drum is joined with conveyor for removal of crust and flesh. Housing of lower rubbing drum is joined with conveyor for removal of seeds. Lower part of said housing is made in the form of grid with cells having sizes preventing passage of seeds therethrough. Grid concave of beater-and-knife type drum is joined with device adapted for separating of juice, flesh and seeds from fruits by means of tray. Juice collecting reservoir is positioned under rubbing drums.

EFFECT: improved quality of seeds, juice and flesh of processed cucurbitaceous crops.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for processing fruits of gourds.

A known machine for separating seeds from juicy crops using a pin chopping drum with an adjustable deck and a separating organ, in which, in order to simplify the design and increase productivity, the separating organ is made in the form of a horizontal centrifuge, in the conical casing of which two rotating conical sieves are concentrically mounted on the shaft , the internal of which serves to receive the crushed mass and the separation of the peel, and the external - to separate the seeds (SU, copyright certificate No. 122366. M.cl. A 23 N 3/1 2. Machine for isolating seeds from fruit crops // B.Ya. Antilikatorov. - Declared 12/17/1958; Published 1959).

The disadvantages of this machine include high energy costs due to the use of a serial pin (wedge) threshing machine.

It is also known a device for cutting the core from the fruits of melons, containing a chain conveyor with needle holders, a cleaning unit with knives and drives, in which, with the aim of increasing productivity and providing the ability to control the thickness of the cut layer and processing fruits of various diameters, it is equipped with an additional cleaning unit, which serves to processing of smaller fruits, performed similarly to the main one, each cleaning unit is equipped with an annular knife holder mounted on the drive and horizontal, and vert with a spring loaded clamping plate, the knives are wedge-shaped, and on the inside of the chain conveyor, in the direction of its movement, an arcuate limiter is located in front of each cleaning unit (SU, copyright certificate No. 973102. Mcl A 23 N 4/24. Core cutting device from the fruits of melons and gourds // V. M. Saghatelyan, V. A. Avakyan and A. G. Mikaelyan. Declared April 15, 1980; Published on November 15, 1982).

The described device is functional only with freshly picked fruits, i.e. with hard bark. Practice shows that overripe fruits, even with partially rotten bark and pulp, are the best in variety quality and seed germination.

There is also known a machine for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from chopped heaps, in which, to increase the yield of seeds and reduce their pollution by eliminating the formation of crumbs, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of a polyhedron, each face of which is equipped with knives, the polyhedron being displaced to the bottom wall of the hopper, and the latter has pockets for the passage of knives (SU, copyright with Videotelstvo No. 772520, M. Cl. A 23 N 4/00. Machine for the selection of seeds from the fruits of melons // I.N. Egorov, M.A. Zhukov, L.S. Published 10/23/1980).

The disadvantages of this machine, used to solve the problem of isolating seeds from the fruits of melons, are the poor quality of the extracted seeds. The latter is expressed both in a large (up to 22%) amount of damaged seeds, and in waste together with pulp (10-17%).

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a device for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from shredded heaps, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of passive knives and a drive rotor with T-shaped cutting elements, and the device for isolating seeds has counter-rotating screws, tiered mounted under and above the false ceilings in the form of finger grids, and this hopper is provided with a bottom Prutkov (RU, patent №2202933. ⁷ IPC A 23 N 4/00, 7/08. The apparatus for allocation of seeds from fruits melons // Abezin VG Pyndak VI In Karpunin .V., Boromenskiy V.P., Saldaev AM - Announced on 02/07/2001; Published on 04/27/2003, Bull. No. 12).

The disadvantages of the described device include high energy consumption when chopping the fruit due to imperfections in the design of T-shaped knives, the lack of dividing concave, which allows the juice to be separated from the fruit during grinding, as well as the complexity of the installation design.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of seeds, juice, pulp.

EFFECT: reduced energy consumption, increased operational reliability and simplified design.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known installation for processing fruits of melons, including a hopper and a device for destroying fruits, a device for separating fruits into juice, pulp and seeds and a container for collecting pulp and juice, according to the invention, a device for breaking the fruits are made in the form of a knife-blade drum and segmented knives placed on a staggered surface of the drum in a checkerboard pattern; moreover, under the blade-knife drum a bar-sieve bar is mounted drum, the rod and trellised parts of which are fastened together by spacers, and the device for destroying fruits into juice, pulp and seeds is made in the form of a beater installed at the outlet of the blade-knife and closed by a jack cover, and placed under the jack beater and installed one above the other two beat wiping drums with pests coated with elastic material and fixed on the surfaces of the drums along a helix, while the wiping drums interact with each other by means of trellis about concave with cells that ensure the passage of all the allocated seeds, the casing of the upper wiper drum is paired with a conveyor for removing seeds and its lower part is made in the form of a lattice with mesh sizes that prevent the passage of seeds through them, in addition, the sieve concave of the beater-knife drum is associated with a device for separating fruits into juice, pulp and seeds by means of a tray, and a juice collecting container is installed under the wiping drums.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows the installation, a transverse vertical section.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

Installation for processing fruits of melons and gourds contains a hopper 1, closed by a casing 2. Inside the hopper 1 is installed bilno-knife drum 3 with pests 4 and segment knives 5 placed on the surface of the drum 3 in a checkerboard pattern. Under the beat-knife drum 3, a bar-trellised concave is mounted, consisting of a bar 6 and trellised 7 parts, which are fastened together by struts 8. Under the trellis concave, a ramp 9 is installed for drainage of juice. The trellis concave 7 is interfaced with a tray 10 with a wiping seed separator. In front of the output part of the beater-knife drum, a baffle beater 11 is installed, closed by a casing 12. Under the baffle beater 11, a casing 13 of the beater wiping drum 14 with whips 15 is coated with elastic material and fixed to the surface of the drum 14 along a helical line. Under the drum 14, a trellis concave 16 is provided with cells providing passage of all the seed that stands out. Under the trellis concave 16 there is a casing 17 of the wiping drum 18 with pests 19 covered with elastic material and fixed to the surface of the drum along a helical line. The lower part of the casing 17 is made in the form of a lattice 20 with mesh sizes that prevent the passage of seeds through them. The casing 13 of the wiper drum 14 is coupled to a conveyor 21 to remove the crust and pulp. The casing 17 of the wiper drum 18 is associated with a conveyor 22 for removing seeds. Under the wipers 14 and 18, a container 23 for collecting juice is installed.

The device for destroying fruits is made in the form of a knife-knife drum 3 with pests 4. The whips 4 are placed on the surface of the drum 3 in a checkerboard pattern with segmented knives 5. Under the knife-knife drum 3, a bar-sieve concave is mounted. The rod and trellised parts 6 and 7 of the rod-trellised concave 3 are fastened together by struts 8. The device for breaking fruits into juice, pulp and seeds is made in the form of a beater 11 installed at the outlet from the blade-knife drum 3 and closed by a casing 12. This device placed under the bumper beater 11. It is made in the form of two beater wiping drums 14 and 18 installed one above the other with pests 15. The pests 15 are covered with elastic material. Pests 15 are fixed on the surfaces of the drums 14 along a helix. Wiping drums 14 interact with each other by means of trellised concave 16 with cells. The concave cells 16 provide a passage for all released seeds. The casing 13 of the upper cleaning drum 14 is coupled to a conveyor 21 for removing seeds. The lower part of the casing 13 is made in the form of a lattice with mesh sizes that prevent the passage of seeds through them. The trellised concave 7 of the beater-knife drum 3 is coupled with a device for separating the fruit into juice, pulp and seeds by means of the tray 10. A juice collecting container 23 is installed under the wiper drum 18.

Installation for processing fruits of gourds works as follows.

Prepared for processing, the fruits are fed into the hopper 1 by a conveyor or manually, and moving along the bar concave 6, fall under the influence of segment knives 5 and they are cut into slices. Under the influence of pests 4 are destroyed into smaller constituent elements of the fetus: crust, pulp, seeds. The crushed mass passes through the bar concave 6 and enters the trellis concave 7. The juice that is isolated on the ramp board 9 enters the container 23. The crust, flesh, fruit seeds are captured by knives 5 and thrown onto the blades of the chopper beater 1. When the crushed mass hits the blades the chopper beater last begins to rotate, contributing to the separation of seeds, peel, juice and pulp. The ground mass is not captured by knives on the tray 10 and enters the casing 13 of the wiper drum 14. The ground casing 13 receives the crushed mass from the bumper beater 11. When the wiper drum rotates, the pests 15 push the seeds and juice through the holes of the trellis concave 16, and the crust and pulp move along the axis of the drum 14 due to the helical arrangement of the pests 15 on its surface. The incoming mass of seeds and juice enters the casing 17 and is exposed to the beater drum 18. The juice passes through the cells of the lattice 20 and enters the container 23. The seeds are transported by pests 19 along the axis of the screw, since they are fixed on the drum surface along a helical line. The crust with pulp from the casing 13 is fed by the wiping drum 14 to the conveyor 21, and the seeds are fed by the wiping drum 18 to the conveyor 22. The separated crust and pulp can be used for livestock feed or for further processing. Seeds are rinsed, dried and used as planting material or processed into drugs. Juice is processed into honey, molasses or alcohol.

Thus, the installation allows you to fully use all the components of the fruits of melons.

Claims (1)

Installation for processing fruits of melons, including a hopper, a device for destroying fruits, a device for destroying fruits into juice, pulp and seeds, pitched boards and a container for collecting pulp and juice, characterized in that the device for destroying fruits is made in the form bilno-knife drum with scourges and segmented knives placed on the surface of the drum in a checkerboard pattern, moreover, under the bilno-knife drum, a bar-sieve concave, a bar and trellised part of The horn is fastened together by spacers, and the device for destroying the fruit into juice, pulp and seeds is made in the form of a beater installed at the outlet of the blade-knife and closed by a casing and placed under the beater and installed on top of each other of two beat wiping drums with whips, covered with elastic material and fixed on the surfaces of the drums along a helical line, while the wiping drums interact with each other by means of a trellised concave with cells providing the course of all allocated seeds, the casing of the upper wiper drum is paired with a conveyor to remove the peel and pulp, and the casing of the lower wiper drum is paired with a conveyor to remove the seeds and its lower part is made in the form of a grid with cell sizes preventing the passage of seeds through them, in addition, the sieve concave of the beater and knife drum is associated with a device for separating fruits into juice, pulp and seeds by means of a tray, and a juice collecting container is installed under the wiper drums.