RU2267281C1 - Seed separator for separating seeds from cucurbitaceous crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: seed separator has hopper incorporating fruit crusher and seed separator for separating seeds from heap. Fruit crusher is made in the form of toothed drums rotating in opposite directions, with one of drums being driving drum. Driven drum is spring-loaded relative to driving drum. Brush type conveyor, rod-type concave, brush conveyor and separating screen are mounted under drums. Mentioned units are equipped with drives.

EFFECT: improved seeding properties of seeds separated from cucurbitaceous crop fruits.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and processing industry, in particular to machines for the selection of seeds from the fruits of melons, their processing into peel, pulp and seeds.

Known chopper, mainly fruits of melons, containing a frame, a feeding hopper, a knife-shaped drum with a drive, concave, wiping screw with a grill, pitched plane for collecting juice and seeds, a pitched tray for pulp and a conveyor for its output, while the peripheral edges of the knife-shaped blades drum removed from the axis of rotation along a logarithmic spiral described by an equation of the form

and the part of the blade remote from the axis of rotation is made in the form of a shelf and mates with a horizontal section along an arc of a circle (see patent RU No. 2179386 C2, IPC ⁷ A 01 F 29/00. Chopper, mainly fruits of melons. / Abezin V.G. , Karpunin V.V., Tseplyaev A.N., Shaprov M.N., Saldaev AM (RU) .- Declared 02.11.2000, published 02.20.2002, bull. No. 5).

The disadvantages of the known shredder include injury to the seeds with a knife-shaped drum, significant energy costs for chopping the fruit and low quality of separation of the seeds.

There is also known a device for processing gourds, containing a chamber and a receiving hopper mounted therein, a chopping drum, finger concave, a device for extracting juice from the pulp in the form of counter-rotating rollers, a conveyor for feeding the chopped mass to the wiper sieve, an intermediate tray, a removal conveyor seed, an inclined tray for draining juice and gathering pulp, a juice container, a waste conveyor and a seed conveyor, while the wiping sieve is made of sequentially installed with equal or variable pitch of the rods, the outermost rods are interfaced with a finger concave and an intermediate tray, the conveyor for feeding the crushed mass and the seed conveyor installed under it have different angles of inclination to the horizon mounted under the mentioned sieve, mounted in the lower part of the chamber under the tiered nodes the pallet for drainage of juice and pulp is made gable, and the chopping drum is equipped with a baffle plate installed above the conveyor drive shaft to supply the chopped mass ( m. RU patent No. 2185761, IPC ⁷ A 23 N 4/12. A device for processing the fruits of gourds. / Abezin V.G., Karpunin V.V., Tseplyaev A.N., Shaprov M.N., Saldaev A.M. - Declared December 8, 2000, published July 27, 2002, bull. No. 21).

The disadvantages of the known device are injuring seeds with a chopping drum, insufficiently complete separation of seeds from pulp and pulp, significant energy costs for grinding fruits.

The closest technical solution to the performed technological process is a device for extracting seeds from the fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying the fruits and a device for isolating seeds from the chopped heap, the device for destroying the fruits is made in the form of passive knives and drive rotors with T-shaped cutting elements, and the device for separating seeds has counter-rotating screws, tier mounted under and above the false sweat kami a finger arrays, the hopper bottom is provided with Prutkov (see. Patent RU №2202933, ⁷ IPC A 23 N 4/00, 7/08. The apparatus for allocation of seeds from fruits melons. / Abezin VG Pyndak V.I., Karpunin V.V., Boromenskiy V.P., Saldaev A.M. - Declared February 7, 2001, published April 27, 2003, bull. No. 12).

The disadvantages of the known device are injuring seeds with a device for destroying fruits, significant energy costs and insufficiently complete separation of seeds from pulp and pulp.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the yield of conditioned seeds and reduce their cost.

The technical result is a reduction in energy costs and increased operational reliability.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known separator of seeds from the fruits of melons, containing a hopper, a device for destroying the fruits and a device for separating seeds from the chopped heap, pitched planes, a container for collecting juice and pulp, a conveyor for collecting and removing crusts and a container for collecting seeds, according to the invention, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of counter-rotating gear drums, one of which is the lead and the other driven is spring-loaded, and the device for separating seeds from the chopped heap is placed under the gear drums, made in the form of brush conveyors mounted on top of each other, the top of which is mounted above the bar concave and pressed to it by brushes, fixed with a step equal to the pitch of the teeth of the gear drums, and the other is pressed against the separation sieve, and the pitched planes and the container for collecting juice and pulp are installed under the separation sieve, the conveyor for collecting and removing the crust is installed at the end of the bar concave, and the container for collecting seeds - behind the separation sieve; the tops of the teeth of the drum are rounded.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a separator of seeds from the fruits of gourds, cross section.

The separator of seeds from the fruits of melons and gourds contains a hopper 1 and a device for destroying fruits located therein, consisting of a drive gear drum 2 and a spring-loaded gear drum 3. The spring 4 has a support on the rear wall 5 of the hopper. A brush conveyor 6 with a drive drum 7 is placed under the gear drums 2, 3. The brushes 8 are mounted on the drive belts 9 with a predetermined pitch equal to the pitch of the teeth of the gear drum (2, 3). The brush conveyor 6 is pressed by brushes 8 to the bar concave 10. The distance between the bars is selected from the conditions of the descent of the crust, the passage of seeds and pulp. A brush conveyor 11 is placed under the bar concave. It is pressed against the separating screen 12. The conveyor drive 11 is provided from the drive drum 13. Under the separating screen 12, the ramped planes 14 and the container 15 for collecting juice and pulp are installed. At the end of the bar concave 10, a conveyor 16 is provided for collecting and removing the crust, and behind the separation sieve 12, a container 17 for collecting seeds is installed.

The seed separator works as follows.

The fruits from the loading conveyor (not shown in the diagram) are fed to the ramp board of the hopper 1 and, under the influence of their own weight, are rolled at a considerable speed. The toothed drive drum 2 picks up the fruits and directs them to the spring-loaded drum 3. As a result of an impact on the teeth of the drum, the fruits are destroyed and enter the gap between the teeth of the drums 2 and 3. In this case, large parts (pieces) of fruits are divided into smaller ones and fall between the brushes 8 to the bar concave 10. Upon impact on the bar concave, part of the seeds and pulp passes between the bars and enters the separation sieve 12. The remaining mass of the destroyed fruit is dragged along the bar concave. The crust separates from the remaining mass of seeds and pulp with juice. She arrives at the separation sieve 12. When pulling the pulp with seeds with a brush conveyor 11 on the separation sieve 12, the pulp and juice are separated and fed along the ramp planes 14 into the container 15 for collecting juice and pulp. The latter are submitted for further processing. Seeds from the separating sieve 12 enter the tank 17, and from there are fed to the washing and drying. The crust coming from the bar concave is picked up by conveyor 16 and fed to the animal for cooking.

The isolator will provide seeds from the fruits of melons with high sowing qualities.

Claims (2)

1. A separator of seeds from the fruit of melons, containing a hopper, a device for destroying fruits and a device for separating seeds from chopped heap, pitched planes, a container for collecting juice and pulp, a conveyor for collecting and removing peel, and a container for collecting seeds, characterized in that the device for destroying the fruit is made in the form of counter-rotating gear drums, one of which is the lead and the other driven, is spring-loaded, and the device for isolating seeds from the chopped heap is sized it is mounted under the gear drums and is made in the form of brush conveyors mounted on top of one another, the top of which is mounted above the bar concave and pressed to it by brushes fixed with a step equal to the pitch of the teeth of the gear drums, and the other is pressed against the separation sieve, the ramps and the container for collecting juice and pulp are installed under the separation sieve, a conveyor for collecting and removing the crust is installed at the end of the bar concave, and a container for collecting seeds is installed behind the separation sieve. 2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the tops of the teeth of the drums are rounded.