RU2285229C2 - Primer cap - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: primer caps for small arms cartridges.

SUBSTANCE: the primer cap has a metal cap with a weight of firing-igniting composition covered from the top with a protective layer, the weight of the firing-igniting composition is made in the form of two layers, a layer of firing composition made of an explosive with a burning rate of 1.3 to 25 m/s and positioned near the bottom of the cap of the igniting composition made of a fast-burning explosive with a low sensitivity to blow, the weight relation of the layer of firing composition and the layer of igniting composition makes up 0.04 to 0.95. The use of the new primer cap, for example in a 7.62-mm rifle cartridge With various modifications of the firing-igniting composition provides for stable ballistic characteristics within a temperature range from 50 to minus 50C.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability of the round.

7 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of cartridge production, namely, cartridge igniter caps (CV), intended for ignition of the powder charges of small arms cartridges, as well as for capsule and ignition bushings acting from the striker impact. KB is a metal cap, into which a sample of the impact composition is pressed in, covered from above with metal foil, parchment paper or varnish.

KB developers have a number of tasks, the solution of which should provide:

- failure-free operation of KB upon impact striker;

- the reliability of ignition of the powder charge and its stable ballistic performance (v. P);

- safe handling and storage stability.

The solution to the above problems is more dependent on the KB used in the cartridge and its impact-ignition composition (UVS).

For more than a hundred years, Russia has been producing cartridges with KB containing HCS based on explosive mercury / 1 /. These KB reliably ignite the powder charge, ensure its stable combustion and satisfactory ballistic characteristics. However, they have several disadvantages that degrade the quality of the cartridges. These include the high rusting effect of these KBs and the relatively low heat resistance. In addition, the factor of deficiency of mercury and its harmful effect on the environment has acquired considerable importance.

In developed foreign countries, non-rusting KBs based on lead trinitroresorcinol (THRS) and tetrazene are used for small arms cartridges (1, 2).

The main disadvantage of such KB is the unstable ignition of a number of powder charges at negative temperatures.

In Russia, a non-rusting KB (3) was developed and used for sporting and hunting cartridges, selected as a prototype, as the closest to the proposed one.

This KB contains UVS of the following composition (wt.%):

TNRS 40 Antimony 10 Tetrazep 3 Barium Nitric Acid 42 Lead dioxide 5 Graphite 0.2 in excess of 100%.

This KB showed satisfactory results on the non-rustability of the shot and on the ballistic performance of cartridges at normal temperature of charges from flammable porous and non-phlegmatized gunpowders.

The disadvantage of KB, selected as a prototype, is an unacceptably increased shot time for cartridges with charges of dense or phlegmatized gunpowder. At a charge temperature of minus 50 ° C, protracted shots and misfires were observed, which is an unacceptable defect for small arms cartridges.

In developing the proposed KB, the tasks of increasing the reliability of ignition of propellant charges for small arms cartridges of all calibers and classes in the temperature range from minus 50 ° С to 50 ° С, improving the stability of ballistic characteristics, increasing sensitivity while maintaining safety, heat resistance and non-rusting were solved.

The technical result is achieved in that the KB contains a metal cap with a sample of impact-ignition composition, which is made in the form of two layers, a layer of impact composition located at the bottom of the cap, and a layer of igniter composition. The weight ratio of the layers of the impact composition to the ignition composition is 0.04 ... 0.95. As a layer of impact composition, compositions or initiating explosives with a burning speed of 1.3 to 25 m / s can be used. For example, compositions based on lead trinitroresorcinate, tetrazene, and a sensitizer can be used as a layer of impact composition. In small weight ratios of the layers, explosive mercury or compositions based on it can be used as a layer of impact composition. In such a variant of KB, the total amount of mercury in an air-blast furnace is sharply reduced, and the negative properties of KB per shot are substantially reduced. Preferably, as a layer of the impact composition, use a mixture of potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan with a sensitizer, since this composition has the required sensitivity, thermal and moisture resistance, non-rust, and environmental cleanliness. A composition of diazodinitrophenol, a potassium salt of azodinitrophenol and a sensitizer is well suited as a layer of impact composition.

As a layer of igniter composition, quick-burning explosives with low sensitivity to impact, for example monobasic potassium stifnate, should be used.

It has been shown that reliable and stable KB test results are obtained when using a mixture of monosubstituted potassium styphnate or diazodinitrophenol with combustible and binding components as the ignition layer.

According to the authors, the proposed set of features meets the criterion of the level of inventive creativity, which is not a function of a specific feature.

Tables 1 ... 4 are attached to the description.

Table 1 shows the test results of various variants of the proposed KB in comparison with the standard HF.

Table 2 shows the results of tests for sensitivity and moisture resistance of the proposed KB in comparison with the standard HF.

Table 3 shows the results of ballistic tests at a temperature of charges of 20 ° C, 50 ° C and minus 50 ° C of 7.62 mm rifle cartridges with new KB and with KB prototype.

Table 4 shows the main parameters of the shot P _max and P _g and their temporal values recorded using quartz piezoelectric sensors when firing 7.62 mm rifle cartridges with a new KB and KB prototype.

The manufacturing technology of the proposed KB consisted of two stages:

1. Manufactured impact composition, which was applied to the bottom of the cap.

2. The igniter was filled into the cap and pressed to a predetermined height. To protect against external influences from above, the igniter composition was closed with metal foil or a paper circle.

An important factor for the reliable operation of KB was the weight ratio of the shock composition layer and the ignition composition layer. If it was in the range of 0.04 ... 0.95, KB worked reliably and stably. If the ratio was less than 0.04, misfires and protracted shots were observed. If the indicated ratio was greater than 0.95, KB penetration was observed, which is an unacceptable defect during firing.

The performance and advantages of the new KB over the prototype follow from the results of the checks given in Table 1 ... 4, which show ballistic test data, comparative sensitivity and moisture resistance data, and processing results of the P (t) curves obtained during firing 7.62- mm rifle cartridges.

From table 1 it can be seen that the use of new KB in 7.62-mm rifle cartridges provides ballistic characteristics at the level of regular KB, but with noticeably smaller scatter and less mass of air-blast.

From table 2 it is seen that the sensitivity and moisture resistance of the proposed KB is satisfactory and exceeds the regular KV.

The tests of KB were carried out in a rifle case on a string shock hammer OST V 84-1101-75 with a mass of falling cargo 307 ± 1 g from the heights determined by OST V 23241-91.

From table 3 it is seen that the use of the new KB in a 7.62-mm rifle cartridge provides stable ballistic characteristics and reliability of the shot in the temperature range from 50 to minus 50 ° C. Using the KB prototype in this cartridge at a temperature of minus 50 ° C leads to misfires and protracted shots. Misfires when using the KB prototype are explained by large delays in the time of ignition of the charge. This affects the time of the shot and the time to reach P _max . In the prototype, they are noticeably larger than when firing cartridges with new KB, as can be seen from table 4. Approximately equal maximum pressures of the powder gases are achieved over very different times. Especially the time difference increases at low temperatures, which when using the KB prototype leads to non-ignition of the charge or prolonged shots.

Thus, the proposed KB for small arms cartridges is justified and meets the new requirements for KV.

The technical result achieved is the development of KB, which ensures stable and reliable operation of cartridges in a wide temperature range.

Bibliographic data

1. P.P. Karpov "Means of initiation", Moscow, 1945, p.128.

2. P.F. Bubnov, I. P. Sukhov "Means of initiation", Moscow, 1945, p. 162.

3. Non-rusting shock composition K-2-1, Technical specifications TU 04-031-1-78.

Table 1 No. p / p Characteristics KB Ballistic characteristics Impact composition, wt.% The igniter composition, wt.% Impact to ignition ratio The mass of the composition in KB, g V _Wed, m / s ΔV, m / s P _{max cp} , kgf / cm ² ΔP _max , kgf / cm ² one KBF-80 Sensitizer-20 OSK-100 0.10 24 820 four 2739 95 2 TNRS-77 Tetrazen-5 Sensitizer-18 OSK-100 0.15 24 822 12 2758 165 3 KBF-80 Sensitizer-20 OSK-60 DDNF-30 FFS-10 (binders) 0.20 24 830 eighteen 2791 170 four DDNF-40 Potassium salt Azodinitrophenol-42 Sensitizer-18 OSK-100 0.1 22 825 16 2749 159 5 Native (mercury fulminate) - - 32 824 23 2733 268 where: KBP - potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuraxan;
OSK - monosubstituted potassium stifnate;
DDNF - diazodinitrophenol.

table 2 Drop height, mm Number of ignitions%, CV version. Experienced №1 Experienced №4 Staff number 5 one hundred 0 0 0 200 29th 77 26 250 one hundred 98 45 300 one hundred one hundred one hundred 350 after exposure to a desiccator under water, τ-4 hours, 60 ° C one hundred one hundred 98

Table 4 Name KB Gunpowder brand Mass of charge, g P _{max cp} , kgf / cm ² τ _max , ms P _g , kgf / cm ² τ _g , ms Prototype VT 3.10 3201 1,62 562 3.37 New (experienced No. 1) VT 3.10 3144 1.27 543 2.16

Claims (7)

1. The igniter capsule for small arms cartridges, comprising a metal cap with a sample of impact-ignition composition covered with a protective layer on top, characterized in that the sample of impact-ignition composition is made in the form of a layer of impact composition of explosive with a burning speed of 1.3. ..25 m / s and located at the bottom of the cap of a layer of igniter composition of quick-burning explosives with low sensitivity to impact, while the weight ratio of the layer of the impact composition to the layer ignite the total composition is 0.04 ... 0.95. 2. The igniter capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that compositions based on lead trinitroresorcinol are used as a layer of impact composition. 3. The igniter capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that explosive mercury or compositions based on it are used as a layer of impact composition. 4. The igniter capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that a mixture of the potassium salt of dinitrobenzofuroxan with a sensitizer is used as a layer of impact composition. 5. The igniter capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of diazodinitrophenol, a potassium salt of azodinitrophenol and a sensitizer is used as a layer of impact composition. 6. The igniter capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that the monobasic potassium styphnate is used as the igniter composition layer. 7. The igniter capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that mixtures of monosubstituted potassium styphnate or diazodinitrophenol with combustible and binding components are used as the igniter composition layer.