RU227790U1 - WORKING BODY OF THE HILLER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for inter-row cultivation of potatoes and other row crops. The working element of the hiller comprises a curved stand with a lancet paw, bodies and moldboards made with flaps in which slots are made, crushing devices, a rod equipped with a spring installed behind the body between the flaps. The crushing devices are made in the form of rotating disks made with saw-tooth teeth. The rotating disks are fixed on hexagonal section shafts on bearings. The bearing housings are fixed to the flaps of the hiller in the upper and lower parts. The hexagonal shaft of the crushing device is installed at an angle to the flaps of the hiller body. The working element of the hiller allows for an increase in the quality indicators of work during inter-row cultivation of potato plantings and other row crops.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for cutting ridges, carrying out inter-row cultivation of potatoes and other row crops.

A working element of a hiller is known, comprising a curved stand with a pointed paw and moldboards made in the form of tiered rods, which are placed on the stand with a step equal to twice the diameter of the rod (USSR patent No. 1605939, A01B 13/02, 39/14, 1990).

In the known working element, the arrangement of the moldboard rods with a pitch equal to twice the diameter of the rod, and the arrangement of the free ends of the rods of each of the moldboards along a curve with a radius of curvature greater than the radius of curvature of the rack ensures an increase in the quality of soil cultivation between rows and a decrease in the traction resistance of the working element.

In addition, when working on heavy loamy and rock-contaminated soils, the spaces between the rods become clogged with lumps of soil. The known working element does not allow mulching the side surface of the ridges. At the same time, the air and water regime of the ridges is not ensured.

Also known is a working element of a hiller, which comprises a curved stand with a lancet paw, a hiller body and moldboards. The moldboards are made with flaps. Crushing devices are installed behind the body, made in the form of rotating disks with rigidly fixed fingers and supports mounted on an axis, which are fixed behind the moldboards on the flaps in the upper and lower parts. The axis of the crushing device is installed at an angle α to the flaps of the hiller body. The flaps of the body are made with slots made with a pitch equal to twice the diameter of the fingers of the crushing device. A rod equipped with a spring is installed behind the body between the flaps [Patent for Utility Model of the Russian Federation No. 219696, IPC A01B 13/02, declared 04/20/2023, published 08/01/2023 Bulletin No. 22].

The working element of the hiller allows combining several operations, such as crushing soil lumps, lifting and separating the soil, destroying weeds and combing out weed roots, loosening the side surfaces of the ridges and providing air and water conditions for potato ridges.

However, the working element of the hiller has its drawbacks.

The crushing devices are made in the form of rotating disks with rigidly fixed fingers and supports mounted on an axis, which are fixed behind the moldboards on the flaps in the upper and lower parts. The axis of the crushing device is installed at an angle α to the flaps of the hiller body. The flaps of the body are made with slots made with a pitch equal to the double diameter of the fingers of the crushing device. An adjustment rod is installed between the flaps. The rod is equipped with a spring.

The fingers are made of different lengths. In the upper part of the grinding device, closer to the support, the fingers are made with a greater length L _max , and in the lower part, closer to the support, the fingers are made with a shorter length L _min . The grinding device is made in the form of a conical part. The fingers in the upper part of the grinding device closer to the supports move along the slots and protrude beyond the outer surface of the flaps up to 5 cm. The fingers in the lower part of the grinding device closer to the supports move along the slots and protrude beyond the outer surface of the flaps up to 2 cm.

Rotating discs with rigidly fixed fingers are mounted on an axis, and the axis is rigidly fixed in the supports of the upper and lower parts of the moldboards. That is, discs with rigidly fixed fingers rotate on a fixed axis, not on bearings. When the working element of the hiller is operating, the roots of weeds and other vegetation will wind around the fixed fingers. As a result, some of the discs with fingers will not rotate. As a result, the crushing device will rake the soil. Some of the discs with fingers will not rotate.

The objective of the utility model is to improve the quality indicators of the working element of the hiller.

The technical solution is that the quality indicators of the working element of the hiller are improved by preventing the spaces between the rods from becoming clogged with lumps of soil, stones and weeds, by combing out the roots of weeds, and by loosening the side surfaces of the ridges to ensure the air and water regime of the ridges.

The technical solution is achieved in that the working element of the hiller, containing a curved stand with a pointed paw, bodies and moldboards made with flaps in which slots are made, crushing devices, a rod installed behind the body between the flaps, equipped with a spring, and the crushing devices are made in the form of rotating disks made with saw-tooth teeth, fixed on shafts of hexagonal cross-section on bearings, the bodies of which are fixed to the flaps of the hiller in the upper and lower parts, and the hexagonal shaft of the crushing device is installed at an angle to the flaps of the hiller body.

A comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the declared working element of the hiller meets the criterion of “novelty”, since it has significant differences from the prototype.

1. The crushing devices are made in the form of rotating disks fixed on shafts.

2. The rotating discs are made with saw-tooth teeth.

3. Each saw-tooth disc is mounted on a hexagonal shaft.

4. The shaft of each crushing device is installed behind the moldboard of the hiller body on bearings.

5. The bearing housings of the crushing device are fixed to the flaps of the hiller.

6. The shaft of the crushing device is mounted on bearings, the housings of which are secured to the flaps of the hiller in the upper and lower parts.

7. The hexagonal shaft of the crushing device is installed at an angle to the flaps of the hiller body.

The identified features of the technical solution of the declared working element of the hiller allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of “Significant differences”.

The technical solution is explained by drawing material.

Fig. 1 shows the working element of the hiller; Fig. 2 shows the working element of the hiller, view from above; Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the crushing devices fixed on the flaps of the hiller body, view A in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 shows a disk with saw-tooth teeth, section A-A in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 shows section B-B in Fig. 4.

The working element of the hiller contains a curved stand 1 with a lancet paw 2, bodies 3 and moldboards 4. The moldboards 4 are made with rigidly fixed flaps 5. Behind the body 3, crushing devices 6 and 7 are installed, made in the form of rotating disks 8, fixed on hexagonal shafts 9 and 10. The disks 8 are made with saw-tooth teeth 11. The shafts 9 and 10 with the disks 8 rotate on bearings 12 and 13, the bodies of which are fixed on the flaps 5.

Shafts 9 and 10 of each crushing device 6 and 7 are installed at an angle to flaps 5 of housing 3 of the hiller. Flaps 5 of housing 3 are made with slots 14, the width of which is equal to twice the thickness of saw-tooth teeth 11 of disks 8. An adjusting rod 15 is installed behind the housing between flaps 5. Rod 15 is equipped with spring 16.

The disks 8 are made with different diameters. In the upper part of the grinding device 6, closer to the support of the bearing 12, the diameter of the disk 8 is made with a larger diameter D _max , and in the lower part closer to the support of the bearing 13, the disk is made with a smaller diameter D _min . The grinding devices 6 and 7 are made in the form of a conical part. The saw-toothed teeth 11 of the disks 8 in the upper part of the grinding device 6 closer to the supports of the bearing 12 move along the slots 14 and protrude beyond the outer surface of the flaps 5, for example, 5 cm, C = 5 cm. The saw-toothed teeth 11 of the disks 8 in the lower part of the grinding devices 6 and 7 closer to the support of the bearing 13 move along the slots 14 and protrude beyond the outer surface of the flaps 5, for example, up to 2 cm, C = 2 cm.

Between the flaps 5 a rod 15 is installed, equipped with a spring 16.

The working element of the hiller operates as follows.

When the working element of the hiller moves between the rows of potatoes, the arrow-shaped paw 2, fixed on the stand 1, cuts the soil layer in the middle of the row spacing. The soil layer is fed to the body 3 and moves to the moldboards 4 and flaps 5. The soil layer is crushed by the body 3, the moldboards 4, the flaps 5 and is moved to the sides, forming a ridge. After the impact of the moldboards 4 and the flaps 5 on the soil, the soil lumps that are not destroyed roll off the side surfaces of the ridges into the row spacing. To crush the soil lumps, the crushing devices 6 and 7 are installed behind the body 3. The saw-toothed teeth 11, when the disks 8, rigidly fixed on the hexagonal shafts 9 and 10, rotate, move along the slots 14, affecting the side surface of the ridges. In the upper part of the crushing device 6, the saw-toothed teeth 11 of the discs 8, made with a large diameter D _max , protrude beyond the outer surface of the flaps 5 (C), for example, by 5 cm, and crush not only the soil lumps, but also actively loosen the side surface of the ridges to a depth of up to 5 cm. The saw-toothed teeth 11 of the discs 8 not only crush the soil lumps, loosen the side surface of the ridges, but also comb out the weeds.

In the lower part of the crushing device 6, the saw-toothed teeth 11 protrude beyond the surface of the flaps 5 (cP), for example, by 2 cm of the disks 8 having a diameter of D _min , crush the soil lumps and actively loosen the side surface of the ridges. The saw-toothed teeth 11 of the disks 8 of the crushing device 6 not only crush the soil lumps, actively loosen the side surface of the ridges, and also comb out the roots of weeds.

In case of non-linear arrangement of potato ridges, flaps 5 overcome compression of springs 16 placed on rod 15 and copy unevenness of side surfaces of ridges.

The declared working element of the hiller allows for an increase in the quality indicators of work during inter-row cultivation of potato plantings and other row crops.

Claims (1)

A working element of a hiller, comprising a curved stand with a pointed paw, bodies and mouldboards made with flaps in which slots are made, crushing devices, a rod installed behind the body between the flaps, equipped with a spring, characterized in that the crushing devices are made in the form of rotating disks made with saw-tooth teeth, secured on shafts of hexagonal cross-section on bearings, the bodies of which are secured to the flaps of the hiller in the upper and lower parts, wherein the hexagonal shaft of the crushing device is installed at an angle to the flaps of the hiller body.