RU184623U1 - MACHINE FOR PROTECTING POTATO LANDINGS FROM THE COLORADIAN BEETLE AND ITS LARvaS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used in technology for collecting Colorado beetles and its larvae.

The machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae is hung in front of the row-crop tractor and contains a frame on wheels, drives with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, dividers mounted on the frame rotating symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. The dividers are made in the form of disks, fixed with the possibility of changing the angle to the axis of the shaft, between metal rings made with an internal conical hole and bolted, with an average diameter of the conical holes of the metal rings smaller than the outer diameter of the spherical hub. The spherical hub is made with an internal hole, one part of which is made under the cone, in which two conical spacers are inserted on the shaft. The other part of the hole in the spherical hub is cylindrical, on which the thread is made and equipped with a fixing nut. A spherical hub with fixed discs is fixed on a rotating shaft with the possibility of movement along the axis of the shaft.

A machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae can increase the efficiency of protecting potato plantings from Colorado potato beetles and its larvae by intensively shaking potato bushes with rotating disks mounted on the spherical hub of the rotating shaft at an angle to its axis.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used in technology to protect potato crops from Colorado potato beetles and its larvae.

A device for collecting and destroying a Colorado potato beetle is known, comprising a frame on wheels, made arcuate and provided with guides for crimping potato stems at the root. Drives are made with a recess above the axis of the wheel and having a pest chopper. A divider in the form of a biconvex lens in horizontal section is mounted on the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the device. Crushers of Colorado beetles are made in the form of a pair of gears mounted on the bottom in the recess of the drives coaxially with the wheels, one of the gears is rigidly fixed to the wheel axis. (RF patent, 2056105, IPC ⁷ A01M 5/04, publ. 03.20.1996).

A known device for collecting and destroying the Colorado potato beetle works as follows. The device behind the leash is moved at a uniform speed along the row-spacing. Guides compress potato stems at the root. The divider with a sharp end pushes and tilts the stalks of potatoes over the drives. Elastic beaters, striking the stems and leaves of potatoes, shake off the beetles and larvae into the drive. Pests roll down the inclined walls of the drive to the bottom. Beetles and larvae, falling into the gear chopper, are destroyed.

The known device for collecting and destroying the Colorado potato beetle has disadvantages.

The device allows you to collect Colorado beetles from only one row of potatoes, as it relies on two wheels that are rolled along the aisle. In this regard, the device is not possible to use on large plantations of potatoes, since it is not possible to increase the width of the capture.

The divider of the known device itself, made in the form of a biconvex lens in horizontal section, with a sharp end pushes and tilts the potato stalks above the drives.

The divider of the known device itself, made in the form of a biconvex lens in horizontal section, is installed passive, that is, not rotating. The divider, made in the form of a passive biconvex lens, rejects the stalks of potatoes. At the same time, Colorado beetles, due to the fact that they are weakly attached to the leaves and stems of plants, are easily crumbled with the slightest shaking of plants, and the larvae of the Colorado beetle remain on the potato leaves.

When cultivating potatoes, it is noted that the larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, which fell on the soil, creep 2 4 cm and die.

To successfully protect the plantings from the larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, the divider must shake off the larvae from the potato leaves. Even if the larvae fall not on the drive, but on the soil, harmful insects - the larvae, which are the most gluttonous, will die and fail to return to the leaves of the potato.

Also known is a machine for collecting Colorado beetles and other harmful insects containing a frame on wheels, drives with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, horizontal biconvex lens dividers made with a working profiled surface and mounted on a frame rotating symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. The machine is hung in front of a row-crop tractor (patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 166 954 MPK A01M 5/04, declared 04/11/2016, publ. 12/20/2016 Bull. No. 35).

The dividers, made in the form of a biconvex lens in horizontal section, are installed rotating and allow you to shake the stalks of potatoes. For intensive shaking of potato stalks, the dividers are made in the form of a biconvex lens with a working profiled surface. Dividers in the form of a biconvex lens are mounted on the shaft with the possibility of longitudinal displacement, since potato cultivation technologies provide for different row spacing.

The famous Colorado potato beetle harvesting machine is mounted on a hitch in front of a row tractor. A cultivating cultivator, for example, KOH-2.8M, is mounted behind the tractor. For one pass of the cultivating unit, the claimed machine collects Colorado potato beetles and other harmful insects, and the replaceable working bodies of the KON-2.8M cultivating cultivator carry out the necessary processing of potato rows.

The machine for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and other harmful insects works simultaneously during inter-row cultivation, hilling potatoes and applying mineral fertilizers.

When working a row unit, drives are moving at a uniform speed along the row-spacing. Guides with drives compress potato stems at the root. Dividers in the form of a biconvex lens in horizontal section mounted on the shaft of the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, while moving the rowing unit along the aisle, push and pull the potato stalks towards wide aisles above the drives.

Dividers in the form of a biconvex lens, mounted rotating and made with a working profiled surface, not only spread and tilt the stems of the potatoes, but also shake the stems of the potatoes, and Colorado beetles, larvae and other harmful insects fall into the drives. The guides of the drives, the bottoms of which are made inclined or in the shape of a groove in the aisles, squeeze the stems of the potatoes at the roots, preventing the Colorado potato beetles from passing by the drives. Colorado beetles and larvae from drives are removed manually.

The technical solution allows to increase the collection efficiency of Colorado beetles, larvae and other harmful insects by shaking potato leaves with rotating dividers made in the form of a biconvex lens with a working profiled surface.

However, the known machine for collecting Colorado beetles and other harmful insects has disadvantages.

The dividers, made in the form of a biconvex lens with a working profiled surface, are installed rotating and allow shaking potato stalks that are in contact with the profiled surface of the biconvex lens. At the same time, Colorado beetles come off the leaves of potato bushes and fall into the accumulators, but most of the larvae remain on the leaves of the potato.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to expand the arsenal of technical means for protecting potato crops from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae by a mechanical method.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, hung in front of the row-crop tractor, containing a frame on wheels, drives with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, dividers mounted on the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, rotating, and dividers mounted on a spherical hub and made in the form of disks fixed with the possibility of changing the angle a to the axis of the shaft between metal rings made with an internal conically hole, and bolted, with an average diameter of the conical holes of the metal rings smaller than the outer diameter of the spherical hub, and the spherical hub is made with an inner hole, one part of which is made under the cone, in which spacer conical two inserts are inserted on the shaft, and the other part of the hole is cylindrical on which the thread is made and provided with a fixing nut and the spherical hub is fixed on a rotating shaft with the possibility of movement along the axis of the shaft.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. The dividers are made in the form of disks and are mounted on a rotating shaft at an angle to its axis.

2. Dividers in the form of disks are installed between metal rings made with an internal conical hole and fixed with a bolt joint.

3. Metal rings with mounted discs mounted on a spherical hub.

4. Metal rings are made with an average diameter of conical holes smaller than the outer diameter of the spherical hub.

5. The spherical hubs are made with an internal hole, one part of which is made under the cone, and the other part of the hole is cylindrical.

6. In the conical holes of the spherical hub on the shaft inserted spacer conical two liners.

7. A thread is made in the cylindrical hole of the spherical hub and is provided with a lock nut.

8. The spherical hub is fixed on a rotating shaft with the possibility of movement along the axis of the shaft.

Dividers, made in the form of disks mounted on a rotating shaft at an angle to its axis, change the technological process and allow you to shake potato bushes intensively. Moreover, each disk mounted on a row of potato bushes, rotating with the shaft, not only pushes the potato bushes into two parts, but also bends the potato bushes to the side and shakes them. In this case, disks mounted at an angle to the axis of the shaft intensively shake potato bushes as the angle of attack of the rotating disks constantly changes.

The process of shaking potato bushes with discs mounted on a rotating shaft at an angle to its axis is carried out accompanied by shock effects on the potato stems, resulting from the fact that the disk inclined to the horizontal axis in the projection onto the vertical plane is an ellipse. That is, the rolling of a rotating disk on a rotating shaft occurs with a varying radius.

Field studies of devices to protect potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae by a mechanical method allowed us to note that the larvae and Colorado potato beetles are located on the leaves of potatoes, mainly on the top of the potato bush. Therefore, depending on the height of the potato bush, it is necessary to change the intensity and location of the impact on the potato bushes of a rotating disk fixed at an angle to its axis. Therefore, each disk is fixedly mounted on a spherical hub at an angle to the axis of the shaft.

To do this, each disk mounted on a spherical hub between the metal rings is bolted.

For this, the metal rings are made with an inner hole in the form of a cone, the average diameter of which is less than the outer diameter of the spherical hub. When the inventive installation of the disk on a rotating shaft, it is possible to change the angle of installation of the disks to the axis of the shaft.

Potatoes are cultivated with aisles of 70, 75, 90 and others. Dividers in the form of rotating discs must be mixed on the shaft and installed over the potato bushes. Therefore, the spherical hubs on which the disks are fixed at an angle to the axis of the shaft are fixed on the rotating shaft with the possibility of movement along the axis of the shaft.

For this, the spherical hub is made with an internal hole, a part of which is made under the cone, into which two conical spacers are installed.

The other part of the hole of the spherical hub is made cylindrical with a thread made onto which the clamps are screwed to fix the spherical hub in the required place on the shaft.

When caring for potatoes with the aim of destroying weeds, loosening the soil between the rows, applying mineral fertilizers and hilling the potatoes and at the same time collecting Colorado potato beetles and its larvae, the machine is hung in front of a row crop tractor.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the claimed machine for protecting potato crops from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

In FIG. 1 shows a machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae (top view); in FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a divider in the form of a disk fixed motionlessly on a shaft.

The machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae consists of a frame 1, which is hung in front of a row crop tractor. (Tractor not shown). The frame 1 rests on the support wheel 2. On the frame 1 mounted drives 3. Storage 3, the bottoms of which are made inclined, connected with guides 4, which compress the stalks of potatoes at the roots. Drives 3, hung on the frame 1, are placed in the spacing of 70 or 90 cm of the processed potatoes. Between the drives 3 there are rows or ridges with potato plants. The drives 3 are mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of changing their position, since the technology of potato cultivation involves row spacing of 60, 70 or 90 cm in one row or 70-10-90 cm (in the figures the fastening of the drives 3 to the frame 1 is not shown). In the proposed technical solution, potatoes are planted according to the scheme of 70-10-90 cm. Wheels 2 of the row tractor are rolled along wide rows of 90 cm. Wheels of 2 tractors are installed with a track of 170 cm. Wheel 4, on which the machine rests to protect potato crops from Colorado beetles and of its larvae, rolls along the average row spacing of 70 cm. On frame 1 between the drives 3 in the middle of rows of potatoes planted in two lines, between which there is a distance of 8 ... 10 cm, on the shaft 5, freely rotating in bearings 6 symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, s mounted dividers made in the form of disks 7, mounted on a rotating shaft 5 at an angle to its axis.

Disks 7 are mounted on a spherical hub 9 between metal rings 10 made with an internal conical hole and are fixed with bolts 11. Thus, each disk 7 can be mounted on a spherical hub 9 at an angle α to the axis of the shaft 5 within the angle a, from which depends on the intensity of the action of discs 7 on the stalks of potatoes.

The implementation of the metal rings 10 with an average diameter of conical holes smaller than the outer diameter of the spherical hub 9 allows you to fix the disks 7 on the spherical hub 9 at the required angle α to the axis of the shaft 5.

Spherical hubs 9 are made with an internal hole, one part of which is made under the cone, and the other part of the hole is cylindrical.

In the conical holes of the spherical hub 9 on the shaft 5 are inserted spacer conical two liners 12.

A thread is made in the cylindrical hole of the spherical hub 9, into which the locking nut 13 is screwed. When the locking nut 13 is screwed into the cylindrical hole of the spherical hub 9, the conical two spacers 12 fix the spherical hub 9, i.e., the disk 7 on the shaft 5.

Thus, the spherical hub 9 with the disk 7 can be fixed on the rotating shaft 5 above the potato bushes and, if necessary (depending on the row spacing of the cultivated potato), move the disks 7 along the axis of the shaft 5 to the desired location.

The disks 7 are mounted on the shaft 5 rotating. The rotation of the disks 7 is carried out from the support wheel 4 by a chain gear 14 to the gearbox 15 and from the gearbox 15 by a chain gear 16 to the shaft 5.

For intensive shaking of potato stalks, the dividers are made in the form of disks 7 and mounted on the shaft 5 at an angle α to its axis (Fig. 2).

Limiters 18 are fixed to the frame 1 with ladders 17 to prevent the action of discs 7 on potato stems. Disks 7 are mounted on the shaft 5 with the possibility of displacement depending on the technology of cultivation of potatoes, that is, with row spacing of 70, 90 cm or 70-10-90 cm.

The limiters 18 are installed with the possibility of displacement along the beam of the frame 1, depending on the method of planting potatoes 70, 90 cm or 70-10-90 cm.

A machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae works as follows.

A machine to protect potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae is mounted on a hitch in front of a row tractor. (The tractor is not shown in the drawing material). A cultivating cultivator, for example, KOH-2.8M, is mounted behind the tractor. (The KON-2.8M cultivator is not shown in the drawing material). For one pass of the cultivating unit, the inventive machine collects Colorado potato beetles and its larvae, and the replaceable working bodies of the KON-2.8M cultivating cultivator carry out the necessary processing of potato rows.

The machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae works simultaneously during inter-row cultivation, hilling of potatoes and the application of mineral fertilizers.

When working a row unit, drives 3 move with uniform speed along the row-spacing. The guides of 4 drives 3 compress the potato stems at the root. The dividers, made in the form of discs 7, mounted at an angle α to the axis of the rotating shaft 5, while moving the rowing unit along the row-spacing, push, tilt and shake the potato stalks towards wide row-spacings above the drives 3.

The dividers, made in the form of disks 7 and mounted on the shaft 6 at an angle α to its axis, not only spread and tilt the potato stems, but also intensively shake the potato stems, and Colorado beetles and larvae fall into the drives 3. The technological process of collecting harmful insects from the potato bushes are more intense, accompanied by the impact of the disks 7 on the potato bushes, resulting from the fact that the disk 7 inclined to the horizontal axis in the projection onto the vertical plane is an ellipse. That is, the rolling of the disk 7 along the potato bushes occurs with a varying radius in the vertical plane.

These additional effects of the disk 7, installed at an angle to the axis of the shaft 5, on the potato bushes are the technical result of the utility model.

The guides of 4 drives 3, the bottoms of which are made inclined or in the shape of a furrow between the rows, squeeze the stems of the potatoes at the roots, preventing Colorado beetles from passing by drives 3. Colorado beetles and larvae from drives 3 are removed manually.

The larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, which fell past the drives on the soil, will die as they cannot return to the potato bushes. When conducting field studies, it was noted that larvae that fell on the soil creep 3-4 cm and die.

A machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae can increase the efficiency of protecting potato plantings from Colorado potato beetles and its larvae by intensively shaking potato bushes with rotating disks mounted on the spherical hub of the rotating shaft at an angle to its axis.

Claims (1)

A machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, hung in front of a row-crop tractor, containing a frame on wheels, drives with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, dividers mounted on a frame symmetrically to the tractor’s longitudinal axis, characterized in that the dividers are mounted on spherical hub and made in the form of discs, mounted with the possibility of changing the angle α to the axis of the shaft between the metal rings made with an internal conical hole and bolted a connection with an average diameter of the conical holes of the metal rings smaller than the outer diameter of the spherical hub, and the spherical hub is made with an inner hole, one part of which is made under the cone, in which spacer conical two inserts are inserted on the shaft, and the other part of the hole is cylindrical, on which the thread is made and provided with a locking nut, and the spherical hub is fixed on a rotating shaft with the possibility of movement along the axis of the shaft.

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