RU2277970C1 - Bulk feed grinding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering, in particular, mechanized preparing of bulk feeds.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has cylindrical casing with charging hopper, pneumatic pipeline, fan communicated through tangential branch pipe to cyclone, wherein tilt board is established, and branch pipe for discharging of ready products. Flare with discharge channels is mounted on casing. Cyclone is communicating via return air pipeline and corrugated branch pipe with working chamber of apparatus for feeding of large fodder lumps to said chamber. Window for feeding of large particles is positioned on vertical shaft of casing at a distance making 2/3 the radius and half the distance between windows of channels of said branch pipe. Casing incorporates rotor with hammers and cylindrical toothed deck consisting of two parts. Lower part of deck is rigidly fixed, and upper part is shortened by an angle of 30-45 deg and positioned for axial rotation.

EFFECT: provision for uniform milling, simplified construction and reduced specific consumption of power for milling process.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanization of agricultural processes, in particular to installations for grinding feed grain and feed additives.

Known crusher for feed grain containing a horizontal cylindrical body in which a rotor with grinding hammers and a perforated sieve; the cyclone separation device is equipped with a device for separating large particles. (Patent RU No. 2235596 IPC В 02 С 13/00, А 01 F 29/10, 2004).

This design does not allow the use of a crusher in a sieve-free version. The sieve is a costly replacement part of the machine and wears out quickly. Therefore, sieveless crushers are used.

A known installation for grinding bulk feed containing a horizontally mounted cylindrical body in which is located a rotor and a working chamber with grinding elements, a system for transporting product air flow - a bell with two symmetrical outlet channels and a base combined with the upper half of the body, and a flow regulator located in the upper part of the channels, as well as a cyclone (patent RU No. 2238148 IPC В 02 С 13/00, A 01 F 29/10, 2004 - prototype).

This installation works with a sieve, which is one of the grinding elements and therefore is not equipped with a closed conveying system of the product-air flow, which does not allow to obtain uniform grinding, reduce the presence of flour dust in feed and thereby reduce the specific energy consumption.

The objective of this technical solution is to create an installation with a closed (looped) conveying pneumatic system and with a mechanism for the timely selection of particles formed upon impact from the working chamber, as well as transporting them to a cyclone and for separation (sieving) during the reverse operation of the grinding rotor. Particles that do not pass through the holes of the woven screen of the separator (descent) must enter the working chamber of the unit for re-grinding.

The problem is achieved in that in the installation for grinding bulk feed containing a horizontally mounted cylindrical body in which the rotor and the working chamber with grinding elements are located, the system for transporting product air flow is a bell with two symmetrical outlet channels and a base combined with the upper half of the body , and a flow regulator located at the top of the channels, as well as a cyclone. The product air flow transportation system is closed and equipped with a return air duct and a separator connected to it, the air duct being connected at the outlet to the working chamber window, and the separator at the inlet to the cyclone, and the working chamber window is half the distance between the lower bell windows and 2 / 3 radii from the center, the working chamber is equipped with a deck, the lower half of which is fixed to the body fixedly, and the upper one is shortened by an angle of 30-45 ° and installed with the possibility of axial movement under s channels for diverting funnel their overlapping synchronous flow controller.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the installation for grinding bulk feed; figure 2 - working chamber with a closed (looped) system of selection of products of grinding; figure 3 - the position of the upper deck during rotation of the rotor clockwise; figure 4 - the position of the upper deck during rotation of the rotor counterclockwise.

The feed mill contains (Fig. 1) a cylindrical body 1 with a feed hopper 2, an electric motor 3, a pneumatic pipe 4 and a fan 5, an electric drive 6, a tangential pipe 7 and a cyclone 8 with an exhaust pipe 9, a separator 10 with a woven screen 11 and an electric vibrator 12 , pitched board 13, outlet 14 of the finished product, return product air duct 15 (descent). All equipment is mounted on frame 16.

The feed chopper also has a rotor (Fig. 2), which includes a shaft 17, disks 18 are rigidly fixed on it, on which plate hammers (working elements) 20 are suspended using the axes 19. The rotor is placed in the working chamber 21 of the cylindrical body 1. The lower and upper decks 22 and 23 and the rotor are concentrically located in the housing. They form a crushing working chamber. A conical bell with two channels 25 is installed in the upper half of the housing 1, starting from the connector line. The upper half of the deck is made 30–45 ° shortened and axially rotated under the windows of the outlet channels 25 of the bell to overlap them simultaneously to overlap the flow controller 26 . The regulator 26 of the product air flow corresponds to the shape of the windows of the socket, it is rigidly fixed to a freely rotating axis and can rotate depending on the direction of flow and block one or the second channels 25 of the socket. The bell with the help of a centrifugal fan 5 and the tangential pipe 7 (Fig. 1) is attached to the cyclone 8. The window of the working chamber is located at half the distance (L) between the lower windows of the channel 25 of the pipe and 2/3 of the radius from the center and communicated through a corrugated pipe with a return air duct 15. The removal of the crushed material from the working chamber is carried out by means of collectively working bells with channels, fan 5, cyclone 6. The design of the product selection mechanism provides the same speed The speed of movement of the product air stream due to the addition of the discharge forces created by the rotor and the suction created by the centrifugal fan during reverse operation of the rotor of the installation.

The rotor of the installation is driven by the electric motor 3, and the separator from the electric vibrator 12. The synchronous drive of the regulator 26 and the rotary deck 23 can be performed both manually from the handle 24 and in automatic versions.

Installation for grinding works as follows.

The upper deck 23 for the handle 24 is rotated in the direction of rotation of the rotor until it stops with the lower deck 22. This opens one side of the channel 25 of the socket, and the opposite side of the channel closes.

Feed grain or other feed additives are fed from the hopper 2 into the working chamber 21 (Fig. 1), where they are hit by hammers 20, reflected on decks 22 and 23, partially destroyed and from them again fall under the blows of hammers, etc. The air flow created by the rotor is amplified by a centrifugal fan 5 and promotes the timely removal of particles from the working chamber 21 as they appear, and the resulting product-air flow rises along the bell channel 25 located along the rotor rotation and, automatically acting on the flow regulator plate 26, automatically opens the outlet through the pipe to the centrifugal fan 5 and cyclone 8. At the same time, it closes and disconnects the inoperative half of the socket, keeping in it and the adjacent pipe Xia air mode. This part of the bell will automatically be included in the work when the rotation of the rotor of the installation changes. Through the centrifugal fan 5 and the tangential pipe 7, the product-air flow enters the cylindrical part of the cyclone, where the products are separated from the air. The finished product on the conical part of the cyclone is poured into the separator 10, and the exhaust air through the exhaust pipe 9 leaves the atmosphere.

A woven sieve 11 is installed in the separator, through which particles of no more than a predetermined size (passage) pass through the electric vibrator 12, which are discharged into the container along the ramp board 13 through the pipe 14. Particles that did not pass through the woven sieve (descent) through the return air duct 15 through the corrugated pipe 27 and the window are returned for re-grinding into the working chamber 21 (Fig. 3). In this mode, the whole installation works.

Before changing the rotation of the rotor, the upper part of the deck 23 with the help of the handle 24 is rotated to the stop in the direction of rotation of the rotor of the installation.

At the same time, other facets of hammers and decks are included in the work, due to this, the uniformity of grinding increases, the loss of time for rearranging hammers is reduced.

Thus, due to the proposed device for selecting products of grinding, including a conical bell and a rotary deck with a handle, as well as the installation location of the pipe on the housing for entering the descent chamber, a closed (looped) mode of movement of the product-air flow throughout the system is ensured, which can be used during reverse operation of the rotor of the installation, which allows to obtain uniform grinding, simplify the design of the installation and reduce the specific energy consumption by 1.5 times. The window layout of the return pipe of the installation corresponds to the neutral zone (transitional zone from suction to discharge) in the working chamber. In addition, the screenings entering the working chamber cannot enter the suction zone, and with hammers they are thrown onto the deck for grinding.

Claims (1)

A plant for grinding bulk feed containing a horizontally mounted cylindrical body in which a rotor and a working chamber with grinding elements are located, a system for transporting the product air stream - a bell with two symmetrical outlet channels and a base combined with the upper half of the body, and a flow regulator located in the upper part of the channels, as well as a cyclone, characterized in that the system for transporting the product air stream is closed and provided with a return a product air duct and a separator connected to it, the air duct being connected at the outlet to the working chamber window, and the separator at the inlet to the cyclone, while the working chamber window is located at half the distance between the lower windows of the bell and 2/3 of the radius from its center, the working chamber equipped with a deck, the lower half of which is fixedly attached to the body, and the upper one is shortened by an angle of 30-45 ° and installed with the possibility of axial rotation under the windows of the outlet channels of the socket to overlap them simultaneously with the flow regulator.

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