RU2274987C2 - Dosed seeding apparatus for bulk fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, dosing equipment for subsurface portioned local application of bulk fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has hopper with bulk fertilizer discharge windows, and caver arranged in lower part of hopper. V-shaped frame adjoining discharge windows carries dosing-transporting unit consisting of two transporters. Each of transporters has triangular chain contour with carrier flexible belts immovably attached to links thereof. Scrapers fixed on belts in equally spaced relation from one another are made in the form of straight prisms with trapezium-shaped bases thereof. Prisms are fixed to belt with their larger face. Fertilizer troughs are defined between scrapers. Chain contours of transporters are mounted on driving and driven sprockets of related shafts of V-shaped frame and when paired conform to shape thereof. All of sprockets are positioned in vertical-longitudinal plane to thereby allow transporter chain contours to move in single plane. Two branches of chain contours are arranged adjacent one another.

EFFECT: increased uniformity in application of fertilizers and provision for localization of fertilizer portions in subsurface application process.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to apparatus for dispensing bulk fertilizers, and can be used in seeders and planters for subsoil, batch, local application of these fertilizers.

Known reel sowing apparatus (see RF patent No. 2130244, MKI A 01 C 7/12, 02/04/97), which can be used in seeders for subsurface, local application of mineral fertilizers. The apparatus comprises a hopper, an unloading window, a seed metering coil being a dispenser, which has an inner cage fixed to the drive shaft of the sowing apparatus, and an outer cage with loading windows that can rotate relative to the inner cage, the outer and inner cages being interconnected by means of an elastic element.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- the difficulty of establishing the seeding rate, since fertilizers after being thrown into the piping have the ability to bounce off of it, and some of them will again be in the loading cavity;

- in the process of work, fatigue wear of leaf springs occurs (they lose their elasticity), which will constantly change the time of fertilizer throw into the piping, and therefore affects the location of the fertilizer portion;

- the use of torsional vibrations in the work increases the speed of the loading windows in the loading area of the hopper, which does not ensure their full loading and also does not allow to maintain a constant seeding rate.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the sowing apparatus (see Starovoitov V.I., Starovoitova M.V. Local application of organic fertilizers during planting. // Potatoes and vegetables. 1998. No. 2, p.11, 12.), which was used on a two-row potato planting machine KSK to combine operations: planting tubers and local application of organic fertilizers. The apparatus contains a bulk fertilizer hopper and a metering and transporting unit that contains a bottom scraper conveyor mounted on the discharge window of the hopper, a cultivator whose shaft supports are mounted on the hopper and have the ability to move horizontally, thereby changing the gap between the cultivator and the bottom scraper conveyor, which in conjunction with interchangeable sprockets allows you to adjust the fertilizer feed rate.

The metering and transporting unit also contains a feed screw that receives fertilizers from the bottom conveyor and moves them with its blades through a slit formed by its casing above the fertilizer conveyor onto the last belt. On the conveyor belt are blades that move fertilizer into the holes of the furrow. To do this, by rearranging interchangeable sprockets on the drive shaft of the feed conveyor, its speed is controlled and the blades are correctly positioned relative to the holes.

The disadvantages of the known device (prototype) are:

- a low degree of localization, which is determined by the design of the feed conveyor, capable of providing only tape fertilizer, but not the hole;

- this design of the sowing apparatus increases the dimensions of the planting machine in length, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of the machine-tractor unit due to the increase in the time of its turn on the headland, and also leads to the need to beat off sufficiently wide headlands, which is not desirable from the point of view of increasing weediness of the field.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the localization of a portion of fertilizers during intra-soil application and to reduce the dimensions of the planting unit in length.

The task is achieved in a batch metering apparatus for bulk fertilizers, including a hopper, discharge windows and a metering and transporting fertilizer unit, where according to the invention a demolition device is located in the lower part of the hopper, in the slots of which fertilizer cutters are fixed, and the metering and transporting unit is formed by a welded V-shaped frame, adjacent to the collapse of the hopper discharge windows and two conveyors mounted on the shafts of the V-shaped frame with the ability to move counter on the same plane at the same speed, pr and each conveyor forms a triangular chain chain, which, paired with the second chain circuit, repeats the shape of a V-shaped frame, the two branches of the chain circuits being adjacent and located in a vertical plane, and the supporting elastic bands with scrapers are fixedly attached to the links of each chain circuit located at equal distance from each other, each of which represents a direct prism, at the bases of which lie the trapezium, while one of the parallel faces of the prism, with a larger area, is adjacent to the carrier tape, and the other two form ejection and bearing faces, and in the inter-scraper space grooves for fertilizers are formed, in addition, for parallel movement of the conveyor branches relative to the unloading windows of the hopper on a V-shaped frame in the area of unloading windows under chain contours with the possibility of moving vertically - longitudinal dampers are installed in the form of strips, and to ensure tight contact of adjacent conveyor branches, dampers are installed in the vertical plane, which are spring-loaded relative to but the frames.

According to the invention, and in contrast to the prototype, a metering device for local batch fertilizer application (mineral, organic, as well as their mixtures), due to two scraper conveyors with triangular chain circuits mounted on the hopper discharge windows and moving counterclockwise at the same speed , while the two branches of the conveyors in the vertical plane are adjacent, and the scrapers are made in the form of direct prisms, at the bases of which lie the trapezoid, the localization of the placement of portions increases fertilizers.

Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed portioned sowing apparatus of loose fertilizers, General view and functional diagram of the apparatus; figure 2 - section aa, filling the groove with fertilizers in the area of the discharge windows of the hopper; figure 3 - remote element I - the device of the conveyor, the extrusion of the conveyor.

The apparatus comprises a hopper 1 with unloading windows for bulk fertilizers, in the lower part of which a demolition device 2 is located. The demolition device 2 has grooves for moving the fertilizer cutters 3 installed in them. The dosing and transporting unit of the apparatus is formed by a welded V-shaped frame 4 made of sheet and profiled steel, adjacent to the collapse of the discharge windows of the hopper 1 and two conveyors 5 mounted on the V-shaped frame 4. Each conveyor 5 is a chain circuit 6, the links of which are fixedly supported by elastic bands 7 with holes for fixing scrapers 8 in them, which are a direct prism, at the bases of which are equal quadrangles-trapeziums, while one of the parallel faces at We, with a larger area, adjacent to the carrier tape 7 and the other is the apex of the scraper, the other two form the ejection 9 and 10 bearing face. Between the scrapers 8, grooves 11 for fertilizers are formed. For uniform portioned fertilizing in each well, the scrapers 8 are fixed on the carrier tape 7 at an equal distance from each other. Scrapers 8, having a carrier 10 and pushing 9 faces, and due to the uniform distribution on the carrier tape 7 provide fertilizing portions and directional pushing of their portions in the discharge zone B, thereby placing them in the landing furrow with the required degree of localization.

The chain circuits 6 of the conveyors 5 are placed on the drive 12 and driven 13 sprockets of the corresponding shafts of the V-shaped frame 4, while the drive 12 and driven 13 sprockets of both chain circuits 6 are mounted in one vertically longitudinal plane, which allows the latter to move in the same plane.

The mutual arrangement of the shafts with the leading 12 and driven 13 sprockets on the V-shaped frame sets the chain contours 6 to a triangular shape, thereby forming three branches at each conveyor 5, and two branches of the conveyors 5 are located in the collapse of the V-shaped frame 4 and adjoin together with frame 4 to the discharge windows of the hopper 1, the other two - adjacent conveyor branches are located in a vertical plane and contact along the tops of the scrapers 8, thereby ensuring the transportation of fertilizers in the specified plane, while maintaining their portioning, and the third pair - branches of idling.

The drive shafts of the conveyors 5 are connected to each other from the outside of the frame 4 by a pair of gears with an equal number of teeth, which ensures that the conveyors 5 move counterclockwise at the same speed, while on one of the drive shafts from the outside of the frame 4 there is a drive sprocket for the conveyors 5 (gears and drive an asterisk is not shown in the figures).

Flaps 14, made in the form of an angle, are attached to the frame 4 in the area of the unloading windows above the conveyors 5, covering the conveyors 5 on each side by an amount l, which is determined by the angle φ, the value of which, as practice has shown, is 5-10% less than the angle of repose fertilizers, thereby preventing them from scattering outside the load-bearing tapes 7. In the area of the discharge windows of the hopper 1 under the chain contours 6 in the grooves of the brackets 15 with the possibility of movement in the longitudinal-vertical plane mounted dampers 16, made in the form of strips, which the necessary gap is sealed between the shutters 14 and the scrapers 8 of the conveyors 5, as well as the parallel movement of the branches of the conveyors 5 relative to the discharge windows.

To ensure tight contact of the adjacent branches of the conveyors 5 along the vertices of the scrapers 8 in a vertical plane in this zone, each branch from the side of the chain circuits 6 is controlled by dampers 17 made in the form of strips spring-loaded relative to the frame 4. Dampers 17 provide the necessary force to press the branches against each other throughout the entire process, thereby preserving the portioning of the application.

Previously, before starting work, chain circuits 6 are set on the driving 12 and driven 13 sprockets so that the conveyors 5 are in vertical contact along the tops of the scrapers 8, for this the gears of the drive shafts of the conveyors 5 mounted on the outside of the V-shaped frame are disengaged , and the circuits 6 are moved relative to each other by the required amount, then the gears of the drive shafts of the conveyors 5 are put back into engagement (gears of the drive shafts are not shown in the figures).

Dosage of fertilizers is as follows. When the conveyors 5 move at the same speed on the same plane in the area of the discharge windows of the hopper 1, the grooves 11 of the conveyors 5 are gravitationally filled with fertilizers 5 and the dosage of fertilizers is determined by the volume of the grooves 11. When the conveyors 5 with fertilizers filled with grooves 11 exit from the area of the hopper 1 discharge windows fertilizers are removed by cutoffs 3. Fertilizers remaining in the grooves 11, while the volume of each groove corresponds to half the norm of application in the hole, move parallel to the base of the hopper and led to the stars 13 on which conveyor 5 with 11 fertilizer being in the grooves change their direction of movement in the vertical. In the zone of changing the direction of movement of the conveyors 5 to the vertical, they are tightly contacted along the tops of the scrapers 8 and the fertilizers located in the grooves 11 are combined into single portions, which are then transported in a vertical plane to the discharge zone B. When moving the conveyors 5 together with the fertilizers 11 located in the grooves parallel to the base of the hopper 1, as well as when the direction of movement changes to vertical, the bearing faces 10 of the scrapers 8 keep the fertilizers from spilling to the tops of the scrapers and into neighboring obki. In the discharge zone B, on the leading sprockets 12, the direction of movement of the conveyors 5 changes, they become uncontacted along the tops of the scrapers 8 and the ejector faces 9 are rotated, and the fertilizer portions, having inertia, are pushed by the corresponding faces of the scrapers into the holes of the landing furrow.

Thus, batch, local application of bulk fertilizers by the proposed sowing device is carried out.

The use of a batch metering device will allow to increase the localization of fertilizer portions in the soil through the use of two conveyors with optimal structural and operational parameters in this device, as well as to reduce the length of the planting unit by simplifying the design of the metering device.

Together, this will improve the technical and economic efficiency of the fertilizer application process, namely, to improve the quality of their placement in the root zone of plants, and to achieve a more rational use of sown areas by reducing the width of headlands and reducing weediness of fields.

Claims (1)

A batch metering device for loose fertilizers, including a hopper with unloading windows and a metering and transporting unit, characterized in that a demolition device is located in the lower part of the hopper, in the slots of which fertilizer cutters are fixed, and the metering and transporting unit is formed by a welded V-shaped frame adjacent to the camber to hopper unloading windows, and two conveyors mounted on the shafts of the V-shaped frame with the ability to move counter on the same plane at the same speed, with each conveyor image There is a triangular chain chain, which, paired with a second chain circuit, repeats the shape of a V-shaped frame, moreover, two branches of the chain circuits are adjacent and are located in the vertical plane, and the supporting elastic bands with scrapers located on equal distance from each other, each of which represents a direct prism, at the bases of which lie the trapezoid, while one of the parallel faces of the prism, with a larger area, is adjacent to the carrier tape, and the other two form pushing and bearing faces, and in the inter-scraper space formed grooves for fertilizers, in addition, for parallel movement of the conveyor branches relative to the discharge windows of the hopper, on a V-shaped frame, in the area of the discharge windows under chain contours, with the possibility of movement in a vertically longitudinal plane are installed dampers in the form of strips, and to ensure tight contact of adjacent branches of the conveyors, dampers are installed in a vertical plane, which are spring-loaded relative to the frame.

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