RU2273802C1 - Hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hot water supply systems.

SUBSTANCE: hot-water boiler comprises housing, furnace chamber, water jacket defined by vertical walls of the housing and furnace chamber, burning member, and branch pipe for supplying cold water arranged in the bottom section of the furnace chamber. A heat exchanger mounted above the burning member is made of tube bank which are inclined and secured to the opposite walls of the furnace chamber to define inlet and outlet collectors. The inlet collector underlies the outlet one and is connected with the water jacket through the overflow passage made in the top part of the water jacket. The outlet collector is connected with the branch pipe for discharging hot water. To increase the area of heat exchange, an additional heat exchanger made of tube bank is mounted above the heat exchanger. The water jacket is connected with the inlet collector through the drain vessel, and the outlet collector is connected with the branch pipe for discharging hot water through the discharging vessel. The top section of the water jacket is provided with the passage for air discharge.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to household appliances and can be used to produce hot water for hot water supply and space heating.

The well-known "Heating boiler" (AS SU No. 1508056, Mcl F 24 H 1/44, publ. 1989), taken as a prototype as the closest in terms of characteristics. The specified boiler contains a housing, a combustion chamber placed in the housing with the formation of a water jacket between them, a supply pipe of cold (reverse) water and a burner device, which are located in the lower part of the water jacket and a combustion chamber, a hot water outlet and a smoke outlet, respectively, this is in the lower part of the combustion chamber above the burner mounted heat exchanger in the form of a bundle of pipes placed obliquely and secured by both ends in the respective opposite walls of the combustion chamber to form a reservoir, respectively, the inlet and outlet, wherein the inlet manifold is placed lower than the output, and is connected with a water jacket and the inlet manifold connection to the pipe outlet of hot water.

The disadvantages of the described boiler is the following:

- insufficient height of the boiler, which determines the formation of a small heat transfer area, which leads to the underutilization of the heat of the flue gases, as a result of which hot flue gases are emitted into the atmosphere and the efficiency of the boiler decreases;

- the absence of a water jacket between the side surfaces of the casing and the combustion chamber also causes insufficient heat exchange area, which also reduces the efficiency of the boiler;

- lack of gravitational circulation of water, i.e. self-flow, and the need to use a pump, which leads to the consumption of additional energy and makes it dependent on electricity.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a hot water boiler, the design of which would ensure by increasing the heat transfer surface, the formation of stepwise heat transfer and gravitational circulation of water increase the efficiency of flue gas use and increase efficiency, increase the efficiency of the boiler, as well as the independence of the boiler from electricity

To solve the problem in the proposed boiler, the height of the casing and the combustion chamber is developed upward, the water jacket is formed by the vertical walls of the casing and the combustion chamber and an additional heat exchanger is placed above the tube bundle, while a channel for bleeding air is made in the upper part of the water jacket, and in the upper part the jacket has an overflow channel, and the connection of the inlet manifold with a water jacket and the outlet manifold with a hot water outlet pipe is carried out by means of containers respectively , Drain, installed at the inlet pipe and the overflow channel and discharge established by the outlet manifold and the hot water outlet pipe.

In addition, the additional heat exchanger can be made tubular in the form of vertical tubes, fixed at both ends in tube boards, while the annular space is connected to the water jacket, and the cavity of the tubes is connected to the cavity of the combustion chamber.

In addition, an additional heat exchanger can be formed by partitions installed across the flue gas movement with the formation of channels for the passage of flue gases alternately either from one vertical wall of the combustion chamber or from the opposite.

In addition, partitions can be made in the form of plates.

In addition, the partitions can be made hollow, the inner cavity of which is connected to the water jacket.

In addition, the partitions can be made removable in the form of a package of plates strung on the rods at a certain distance from one another with the possibility of changing the number of partitions and the distance between them.

In addition, partitions in the form of plates can be pivotally mounted with the possibility of changing position relative to the horizontal plane.

In addition, the partitions in the form of plates can be pivotally mounted using three rods, one of which is mounted with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane, and two others have holes in which the axes are inserted.

In addition, a drain and / or outlet tank can be installed outside the boiler body, and an overflow channel is made in the upper part of the body.

In addition, a drain and / or outlet tank can be made in the boiler body, and an overflow channel is made in the upper part of the tank wall.

The upward height of the combustion chamber and the height of the boiler increase the height of the water jacket above the pipe bundle and, therefore, provide an increase in the heat exchange surface and an increase in the path of flue gases, which contributes to a more efficient use of flue gas heat and an increase in boiler efficiency.

In addition, this made it possible to install an additional heat exchanger over the tube bundle.

The installation of an additional heat exchanger over the tube bundle leads to an increase in the heat transfer surface, which, in turn, provides an increase in the efficiency of the use of flue gases, providing stepwise heat transfer.

The formation of a water jacket only by the vertical walls of the casing and the combustion chamber made it possible to make an overflow channel in the upper part of the water jacket and install a drain tank, thus combining the water jacket with the inlet manifold of the tube bundle without mixing with the colder water of the water jacket, directing heated water after heating additional heat exchanger into the heat exchanger in the form of a tube bundle. The installation of the outlet tank also allows the passage of high-temperature water to the hot water outlet pipe without mixing with the water of the water jacket. Thus, heat transfer is ensured, which provides significant heating of the water and significant cooling of the flue gases, which increases the efficiency of the use of flue gases and ensures an increase in boiler efficiency.

The placement of the overflow channel in the upper part of the water jacket is much higher than the output collector, and providing a temperature difference that determines the difference in the density of water at the inlet to the input manifold of the pipe bundle and at the outlet of its output collector, provides gravitational circulation of water, i.e. gravity flow, and therefore, increases the efficiency of the boiler and ensures the independence of its operation from electricity.

The presence in the upper part of the water jacket of a channel for bleeding air, which is collected under the ceiling part, also contributes to the formation of gravitational circulation of water, i.e. self-flow.

The manufacture of an additional heat exchanger made in the form of vertical pipes fixed at both ends in tube plates, and the annular space of which is connected to a water jacket, and the tube cavity is connected to the cavity of the combustion chamber, creates an additional heat exchange surface, providing a significant increase in the efficiency of the use of flue gas heat, as well as increasing the efficiency of the boiler.

The formation of an additional heat exchanger installed in the furnace chamber above the pipe bundle across the movement of the flue gases by partitions with the formation of channels for the passage of flue gases alternately either with one vertical wall of the combustion chamber, or with the opposite, provides an increase in the heat exchange area by forming a Z-shaped serpentine movement of flue gases. The latter causes, in addition to increasing the gas path, the redistribution of the warmer central part of the gases to the side surfaces, to the walls of the water jacket. This increases the turbulence of the movement of flue gases, decreases the speed of their movement and increases the contact time with the walls of the water jacket. All this contributes to a significant heating of the water of the water jacket and no less significant cooling of the flue gases, i.e. increases the efficiency of using the heat of the latter, and therefore increases the efficiency and power of the boiler.

The manufacture of partitions in the form of plates provides ease of manufacture. In addition, it provides the possibility of making them removable, strung on the respective rods at a certain distance, which determines the possibility of regulating their quantity and the distance between them. The latter provides the ability to control the flow area, as well as the temperature of the flue gas, and as a result, the possibility of reducing the condensation of water vapor in the autumn-spring time to a minimum. This provides the opportunity to manufacture a combustion chamber from cheap carbon steels. In addition, removable partitions provide easy cleaning of the internal surfaces of the boiler, given that the water jacket is formed only by the vertical walls of the boiler body and the combustion chamber, and the ceiling part can be removed, i.e. made in the form of a cover.

The installation of partitions in the form of plates pivotally provides the ability to change the position of the plates relative to the horizontal plane. And this, in turn, allows to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the combustion chamber and provides an increase in temperature in the autumn-winter time and provides the possibility of manufacturing the combustion chamber from cheap carbon steel.

The manufacture of partitions with hollow, internal cavity connected to a water jacket allows to increase the heat exchange surface, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the use of flue gases and an increase in the boiler efficiency.

The implementation of the drain and / or outlet tanks outside the boiler body ensures the absence of heat exchange with water in the water jacket.

The execution of the drain and / or outlet tank inside the boiler body ensures the compactness of the boiler.

Thus, the distinguishing features in combination with the known provide a solution to the problem.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a boiler with an additional tubular heat exchanger;

figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the boiler with an additional heat exchanger formed by partitions in the form of plates;

figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a boiler with an additional heat exchanger formed by hollow partitions;

figure 4 shows a transverse section of the boiler aa, when it has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped;

figure 5 shows a cross section of the boiler aa, when it has a cylindrical shape;

figure 6 shows a longitudinal section of the boiler, where the drain and outlet containers are placed in the boiler body;

7 shows a cross section of the boiler AA, when the partitions in the form of plates are mounted pivotally;

in Fig.8 shows a section of the boiler BB of Fig.7.

The proposed boiler includes a housing 1, a combustion chamber 2, placed in the housing 1 with the formation of a water jacket 3 between them, a pipe for supplying cold (reverse) water 4 and a burner device 5, which is located in the lower part of the water jacket 3 and the combustion chamber 2, respectively and a pipe for draining hot water 6, and a flue pipe 7, which is located in the upper part of the combustion chamber 2. At the same time, in the lower part of the latter above the burner 5 there is a heat exchanger in the form of a bundle of pipes 8 that are inclined and fixed from both ends in the respective opposite walls of the combustion chamber 2 with the formation of collectors, respectively, of the input 9 and output 10. In this case, the input manifold 9 is placed lower than the output 10 and connected to the water jacket 3, and the output manifold 10 is connected to the hot branch pipe water 6. At the same time, an additional heat exchanger 11 is placed above the tube bundle 8. An air bleed channel 12 is made in the upper part of the water jacket, and an overflow channel 13 is made on the side of the inlet manifold 9. Moreover, the connection of the inlet manifold 9 with a water jacket 3 and an outlet manifold 10 with a branch pipe for discharging hot water 6 is carried out using the corresponding containers, drain 14 and outlet 15 installed respectively from the side of the inlet manifold 9 and overflow channel 13 and from the side of the outlet manifold 10 and the branch pipe for hot water outlet 6 .

In this case, the additional heat exchanger 11 can be made tubular, for example, in the form of vertical tubes 16 fixed at the ends in the tube plates 17. Moreover, the annular space 18 is connected to the water jacket 3, and the cavity 19 of the tubes 16 is connected to the cavity of the combustion chamber 2.

In addition, an additional heat exchanger 11 can be formed by baffles 20 installed across the flue gas movement with the formation of channels 21 for the passage of flue gases alternately either with one vertical wall or with another opposite vertical wall of the combustion chamber 2.

In this case, the partitions 20 can be made in the form of plates.

Also, the partitions 20 can be made hollow, the inner cavity 22 of which is connected to the water jacket 3.

In this case, the partition walls 20 in the form of plates can be made removable in the form of a package of plates strung on the rods 23 at a certain distance from one another, with the possibility of changing the number of partitions 20 and the distance between them.

In addition, the partitions 20 in the form of plates can be pivotally movable relative to the horizontal plane.

In addition, the partitions 20 can be pivotally fixed in 3 rods, one of which 24 is mounted with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane, and in the other two 25 holes 26 are made and axes 27 are inserted into them.

In addition, the drain 14 and / or outlet 15 tanks can be performed outside the boiler body 1, and the overflow channel 13 is made in the upper part of the boiler body 1.

Also, the drain 14 and / or outlet 15 of the tank can be made in the housing 1, and the overflow channel 13 is made in the upper (subceiling) part of the wall of the drain chamber 14.

Moreover, the ceiling of the boiler is made in the form of a cover 28.

The operation of the proposed hot water boiler consists in the fact that after igniting the burner, hot flue gases rise along the walls of the water jacket 3 to the tube bundle 8, wash them, giving up the bulk of the heat, and rise further to the additional heat exchanger 11, give off the rest of their heat, and then sent to the flue pipe 7.

Before igniting the burner device, cold (return) water is supplied through the supply pipe 4 to the water jacket 3, which it fills from bottom to top. The burner device is turned on, heating the water rising in the water jacket and the water that goes to the additional heat exchanger 11, which is heated in it and already heated by means of the overflow channel 13 and the drain tank 14, enters the inlet manifold 9, the tube bundle 8 passes, again being heated in it. Then the water passes through the outlet manifold 10, the outlet tank 15 and enters the pipe outlet of hot water 6.

The circulation of water in the boiler is ensured by the formation of gravity due to the fact that the overflow channel 13 is placed much higher than the output manifold 10, and also due to the temperature difference at the input 9 and output 10 collectors, which causes a difference in the density of water. The water temperature in the collector 10 is much higher and the density is lower than in the inlet manifold. This provides gravitational circulation of water, i.e. gravity flow.

Example 1, when the additional heat exchanger is made tubular. Flue gases, washing the bundle of pipes 8, give off a significant amount of heat, then fall into the tubular heat exchanger, where they move along the cavities 19 of the pipes 16, giving up the remaining heat to the water located in the annulus 18 connected to the water jacket 3. The cooled flue gases exit into the chimney pipe 7. And the heated water from the water jacket 3 through the overflow channel 13 and the drain tank 14 enters the pipe bundle 8 through the inlet manifold 9. The pipe bundle 8 is again heated by the flue gas being washed by the pipe bundle 8 and, under the influence of gravity, tsya into outlet manifold 10 and outlet tank 15 which is connected to the outlet of hot water pipe 6.

Example 2, when the additional heat exchanger is formed by partitions 20.

Flue gases passing through the bundle of pipes 8 fall into an additional heat exchanger, in which the redistribution of the warmer central part of the gases to the side surfaces occurs, i.e. to the walls of the water jacket 3. As a result, the entire volume of flue gases washes each section of the inner surface of the water jacket 3, sequentially giving off heat.

Flue gases passing along the partitions 20 are turbolized and activate the heat transfer process. Next, the cooled flue gases exit to the flue pipe 7. Heated water, as in the previous example, through the overflow pipe 13, the drain tank 14, the inlet manifold 9 enters the tube bundle 8, is again heated, then through the manifold 10, the outlet tank 15 goes to hot water outlet 6.

Claims (10)

1. A water boiler comprising a housing, a combustion chamber located in the housing with the formation of a water jacket between them, a cold (return) water supply pipe and a burner, which are located at the bottom of a water jacket and a combustion chamber, a hot water pipe and smoke outlet, respectively a pipe, while in the lower part of the combustion chamber above the burner there is a heat exchanger in the form of a bundle of pipes placed obliquely and fixed by both ends in the corresponding opposite walls of the furnace chambers with the formation of collectors of the input and output, respectively, and the input collector is located lower than the output and connected to the water jacket, and the output collector is connected to the hot water outlet, characterized in that the heights of the casing and the combustion chamber are developed upward, the water jacket is formed by vertical An additional heat exchanger is placed on the walls of the casing and the combustion chamber and above the tube bundle, while a channel for bleeding air is made in the upper part of the water jacket, and from the inlet collector In the upper part of the water jacket, an overflow channel is made, and the connection of the inlet manifold with the water jacket and the outlet manifold with the hot water outlet pipe is carried out by means of drains, respectively, installed on the side of the inlet manifold and the overflow channel, and an outlet installed on the side of the outlet manifold and the hot branch pipe water. 2. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional heat exchanger is made tubular in the form of vertical tubes fixed at both ends in tube boards, while the annular space is connected to the water jacket, and the tube cavity is connected to the cavity of the combustion chamber. 3. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional heat exchanger is formed by partitions installed across the flue gas movement with the formation of channels for the passage of flue gases alternately either from one vertical wall of the combustion chamber or from the opposite. 4. The hot water boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that the partitions are made in the form of plates. 5. The boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that the partitions are hollow, the inner cavity of which is connected to a water jacket. 6. The boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that the partitions are removable in the form of a package of plates strung on the rods at a certain distance from one another with the possibility of changing the number of partitions and the distance between them. 7. The boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that the partitions in the form of plates are fixed to the rods using hinges with the possibility of changing position relative to the horizontal plane. 8. The hot water boiler according to claim 7, characterized in that the partitions are fixed in three rods, one of which is mounted with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane, and in the other two holes are made in which the axes are inserted. 9. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain and / or outlet tank is installed outside the boiler body, and the overflow channel is made in the upper part of the boiler body. 10. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain and / or outlet tank is made in the boiler body, and the overflow channel is made in the upper part of the wall of the drain tank.

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