RU2260743C1 - Vertical water-tube boiler (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating water; heating systems.

SUBSTANCE: proposed boiler has two drums communicated by means of tubes of convection bank, at least one self-contained gas duct, furnace bounded by tubular front, rear, side right-hand and left-hand screens. Arranged in one of drums are dispensing, collecting and bypass headers; intermediate headers are arranged in other drum; intermediate headers are divided into sections by means of partitions. Each section of dispensing header is communicated with respective section of intermediate header by means of some screen tubes; section of intermediate header is communicated with respective section of collecting header by means of remaining screen tubes, thus forming radiation heating loop; each subsequent radiation heating loop is connected with previous one by means of respective section of bypass header which is simultaneously communicated with section of collecting header of one of radiation heating loop and with section of dispensing header of other radiation heating loop. Drums are divided into compartments by means of transversal partitions in such way that each compartment of one drum is communicated with two compartments of other drum by means of some tubes of convection bank, thus forming convection heating loop. First compartment of convection heating bank is communicated with last convection heating loop through section of intermediate or collecting header; first section of dispensing header is provided with branch pipe for admitting water from heating system and last compartment of convection heating loop is provided with heat-transfer agent discharge branch pipe. According to second version, dispensing and bypass headers divided into sections by means of partitions are arranged in first drum; drums are divided into compartments by means of transversal partitions; each section of dispensing header of first drum is communicated with respective compartment of second drum by means of tubes of front and rear screens of right-hand and left-hand screens or their composition; second drum is communicated with respective compartment of first drum by means of some tubes of convection bank, thus forming heating loop. Each subsequent loop is connected with previous one through respective section of bypass header communicated simultaneously with compartment of first drum of one of heating loop and with section of dispensing header of subsequent loop. Section of dispensing header of first heating loop is provided with branch pipe for admitting water from heating system and last compartment of one of drum is provided with heat-transfer agent discharge branch pipe.

EFFECT: possibility of organizing repeated up and down motion of water in tubes.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system and heating equipment and can be used in boilers used for water supply of residential, public and industrial buildings.

Vertical water tube boilers, as a rule, contain a burner, a vertical cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging heated water, a fire chamber and convective heating surfaces placed inside the body, made of straight heat-exchange pipes entering their ends into the openings of the lower and upper ring collectors (US Pat. RF № 2146790, 7 F 24 Н 1/00, publ. 2000; “Boilers and boiler plants for industrial and municipal energy.” Industry catalog. - M .: TSNIITEItyazhmash, 1998, p. 38-39).

A disadvantage of the known boilers is the low reliability and short duration of the heat transfer pipes due to intensive scale deposits, excessive overheating and destruction of the heat transfer pipes due to the low speeds of the circulating water.

To increase the reliability and duration of operation of the heat transfer pipes of hot water boilers, annular collectors install internal transverse partitions arranged in a checkerboard pattern for multiple lifting and lowering water movements sequentially across all heat transfer pipes with speeds guaranteeing the absence of surface boiling of water accompanied by intensive scale deposits, which increases the term boiler service (US Pat. RF No. 2146789, 7 F 24 H 1/00, publ. 2000).

Known water tube boiler (US Pat. RF №1163084, 4 F 22 21/04, publ. 1985), containing the upper and lower drums, interconnected by the lifting and lowering tubes of the convective beam and connected to the upper and lower collectors of the side walls of the furnace and also a feed water line connected to the upper drum, in which, to prevent overheating of the screens, the feed water line is additionally connected to the lower drum by a pipeline, the outlet section of which is brought into the cavity of this drum.

The prior art does not reveal a hot water boiler, which would have been inherent in the set of features closest to the set of essential features of the claimed device.

At present, one of the ways to ensure the thermal economy of the housing and communal complex with hot water boilers can be the re-equipment of steam boilers, because due to a sharp reduction in industrial production, a decrease in the number of industrial enterprises, steam boilers suitable for further operation are released.

The closest in technical essence and design to the claimed boiler is a steam boiler of type E (DE), adopted for the prototype (Steam and hot water boilers. Operation and repair. M., NPO OST, 2000, S. 29-32).

The boiler type E (DE) consists of a pipe system, a furnace and a frame with a casing. The pipe system consists of two drums (upper and lower) located on the same vertical axis and interconnected by a tube bundle forming a convective heating surface, two side firebox screens - right and left, as well as front and rear screens.

The combustion chamber is separated from the convective tube bundle by a gas-tight partition formed of pipes mounted closely and welded together. In the rear part of the partition there is a window for the passage of furnace (flue gases). Flue gases pass through the entire section of the convective beam, exit through the front wall into a gas box located above the combustion chamber, and through it enter the economizer located behind the boiler.

The heating surfaces of the boiler, located in the furnace and receiving heat mainly by radiation, are called radiation heating surfaces, all other heating surfaces, in which heat exchange by contact of hot gases with the heating surface predominates, are convective.

The circulation diagram of all steam boilers of type E (DE) is the same and includes four screens - front, rear and two side. The contours of the side screens and convective beam of boilers of all sizes, as well as the front screen of boilers with steam capacity of 16 and 25 t / h, are closed directly to the drums. The contours of the rear screen of all boilers and the front screen of boilers with a steam capacity of 4, 6.5 and 10 t / h are combined by a lower (horizontal) distributing and upper (inclined) collecting manifold attached to the drums. The other ends of the collectors are connected by an unheated recirculation pipe.

The boiler D (E) operates as follows. Feed water is supplied to the upper drum of the boiler, where it is mixed with boiler water and through the convection beam downpipes farthest from the combustion chamber, heated by the heat of the exhaust gases and at the same time cooling them, enters the lower drum, which also mixes with boiler water. Part of the water from the lower drum enters the convection beam lifting pipes and, when heated, rises to the upper drum. Another part of the water through the screen tubes also enters the upper drum, being heated by the heat of the furnace. Feed water together with the circulation boiler enters the upper drum through the pipes of the side screens and the convective beam due to natural circulation in the form of a steam-water mixture. In the upper drum of the boiler, steam is separated from the water. The boiler water flows into the lower drum along part of the convective beam pipes, and the steam is discharged to the consumer.

The technical problem underlying the present invention is the expansion of the range of boilers.

The technical task is solved in two ways.

According to the first embodiment, the technical task is achieved by the fact that in a vertical water tube boiler containing two drums, interconnected by pipes of a convective beam, with gaps between the rows of at least one autonomous gas duct adjacent to the beam, the furnace is bounded by a tubular front, rear , side right and left screens, in one of the drums there are distributing, collecting and bypass, and in the other - intermediate collectors, divided by partitions into sections, each sec The distributor’s section is communicated by means of a part of the screen tubes to the corresponding section of the intermediate collector, which, in turn, by means of the other part of the screen pipes, is communicated with the corresponding section of the collector, forming a radiation heating circuit, and each subsequent circuit is connected to the previous one through the corresponding section of the bypass collector, communicated simultaneously with a collector section of one circuit and a distributor section of another circuit, in addition, the drums are divided transverse partitions into compartments in such a way that each compartment of one drum is communicated by a part of the convective beam tubes with two compartments of the other, forming a convective heating circuit, while the first convective heating circuit is communicated with the last radiation heating circuit through an intermediate or collecting collector section, the first section of the distributing collector it is equipped with a water inlet pipe, and the last compartment of the convective heating circuit is equipped with a coolant (hot water) outlet pipe.

In FIG. 1 is a front view of the boiler; FIG. 2 - boiler circulation diagram — radiation circuit (marked with a line with a white arrow) in an isometric image; FIG. 3 — boiler circulation diagram — convection circuit (indicated by a line with a dark arrow) in an isometric image.

The vertical water tube boiler contains the upper 1 and lower 2 drums, interconnected by pipes of the convective beam 3 forming a convective heating surface, a furnace 4 formed by pipes of the right side screen 5, the left side screen 6, as well as the front and rear screens (in Fig. 1 not shown).

In the lower drum 2, there are distributing 7, collecting 8 and bypass 9 collectors, and in the upper drum 1, an intermediate collector 10. The collectors 7-10 are in turn divided by partitions 11 into sections so that the collectors 7, 8 and 10 are interconnected pipes of the right 5 and left 6 firebox screens, and the bypass manifold 9 combines the pipes of the previous lowering link of the radiation circuit with the lifting link of the subsequent radiation circuit. Drums 1 and 2 are separated by solid partitions 12 into compartments 13, while one compartment of the drum (for example, the upper one) is communicated by a part of the pipes of the convective bundle 3 with two compartments 13 of the other (lower).

A vertical water tube boiler operates as follows.

Mains water enters the boiler through the pipeline in the lower drum 2 into the first section along the water supply of the distributing collector 7, which combines part of the pipes of the right screen of the furnace 5. Through these pipes (the lifting link of the radiation heating circuit), water enters the front compartment of the intermediate collector 10 located in the upper drum and combining part of the pipes of the right 5 and left 6 furnace screens, and then lowers along the part of the pipes of the left furnace screen 6 (lower link of the radiation heating circuit) into the collecting manifold 8 of the lower b Arabana 2.

Through the bypass manifold 9, connecting the first section of the collecting manifold 8 and the second section of the distributing collector 7, water enters the next section of the distributing collector 7, from where it rises through the next part of the pipes on the right-hand side of the furnace 5 into the second compartment of the intermediate manifold of the upper drum 10, etc.

Consistently making lifting (through the tubes of the furnace’s right-hand screen 5) and lowering (through the pipes of the furnace’s left-hand screen 6) movements and heating due to the heat of the furnace, water passes through the pipes 5 and 6 and through the last lowering part of the pipes of the radiation heating circuit enters the pipes of the convection surface heating (convection beam pipe - see Fig. 3).

Through the pipes of the convective beam 3, water, heated by the heat of the exhaust gases, raises the first compartment 13 of the upper drum 1, from which, dropping, it enters the next compartment 13 of the lower drum.

Making sequentially lifting and lowering movement, the water in the convection beam tubes is heated by the heat of the exhaust flue gases and is discharged to the consumer through the last compartment of the drum.

In the design of the boiler according to the first embodiment, the distributing, collecting and bypass manifolds are located in the lower drum of the boiler, and the intermediate in the upper. However, it is possible to place the distributing, collecting and bypass collectors in the upper drum, and the intermediate in the lower. In this case, the supply of network water is carried out in the upper drum.

In addition, if necessary, each section of the distributing manifold can be communicated with the corresponding section of the intermediate manifold by means of a portion of the pipes of either the front, rear, or left side screens, or any combination thereof, and the latter is communicated with the corresponding section of the collecting manifold by means of pipes of the right screen.

Either each section of the distributing manifold can be communicated with the corresponding section of the intermediate manifold by means of a portion of the pipes of the right side screen, and the latter is communicated with the corresponding section of the collecting manifold by means of a portion of the pipes of either the front, rear, or left side screens or any combination thereof.

According to the second embodiment, the stated technical problem is achieved in that in a vertical water tube boiler containing two drums, interconnected by pipes of a convective beam, with gaps between the rows of which is formed at least one autonomous gas duct adjacent to the beam of the furnace, bounded by a tubular front, rear, side right and left screens, in the first drum there are distributing and bypass collectors separated by partitions into sections, drums are divided by transverse partitions on and compartments, wherein each section of the distributing collector of the first drum is communicated by means of a part of the pipes of the right and left screens or their composition with the pipes of the front or rear screens with the corresponding compartment of the second drum, which, in turn, is communicated with the corresponding compartment of the first drum, forming heating circuit, with each subsequent circuit connected to the previous one through the corresponding section of the bypass collector, communicated simultaneously with the compartment of the first drum of one circuit RA and the section of the distributing collector of the subsequent circuit, in addition, the section of the distributing collector of the first heating circuit is equipped with a water inlet pipe, and the last compartment of one of the drums with a coolant (hot water) discharge pipe.

In FIG. 4 is a front view of the boiler; FIG. 5 is a boiler circulation diagram in an isometric image, while the radiation part of the heating circuit formed by the lifting pipes of the furnace screens is indicated by a line with a white arrow, and the convective part of the heating circuit formed by the lower pipes of the convection beam is a line with a dark arrow.

The vertical water tube boiler contains the upper 1 and lower 2 drums, interconnected by pipes of the convective beam 3 forming a convective heating surface, a furnace 4 formed by pipes of the right side screen 5, the left side screen 6, as well as the front and rear screens (in Fig. 1 not shown).

In the lower drum 2 there are distributing 7, collecting 8 and bypass 9 collectors, and in the upper drum 1 - an intermediate collector 10. Moreover, in this embodiment of the inventive boiler, the function of the collecting manifold 8 is performed directly by the compartments 13 of the lower drum 2, and the function of the intermediate collector 10 - compartments 13 of the upper drum 1. The collector 7 is divided by partitions 11 into sections communicated with each other by pipes of the right 5 and left 6 fire chamber screens. The bypass manifold 9 combines the convective beam tubes 3 and the screen tubes 5 and 6. The drums 1 and 2, in turn, are separated by solid partitions 12 into compartments 13.

According to the second embodiment, the boiler operates as follows. Mains feed water enters the boiler through the pipeline in the lower drum 2 into the first section of the distributing collector 7, combining part of the pipes of the right 5 and left 6 side screens of the furnace. Through these pipes (the lifting link of the heating circuit), water enters, heated by the heat of the radiation surfaces of the furnace, into the intermediate manifold 10 (13) located in the upper drum 1. From here, water flows through the part of the pipes of the convection beam 3 (the lower link of the heating circuit) into the collecting manifold 8 (13) of the lower drum 2, heating along the heat of the exhaust gases.

Through the bypass manifold 9, connecting the first section of the collecting manifold 8 (13) and the subsequent section of the distributing collector 7, water simultaneously enters the next part of the pipes of the right 5 and left 6 firebox screens and, when heated, rises to the next compartment of the intermediate collector 10 (13) of the upper drum 1, from where it passes through the pipes of the convective beam 3, being heated by the heat of flue gases, into the next section of the collecting manifold 8 (13) of the lower drum 2, etc. and through the last compartment of the lower drum is given to the consumer.

In the design of the boiler in the second embodiment, the distributing, collecting and bypass manifolds are also located in the lower drum of the boiler, and the intermediate in the upper. However, it is possible to place the distributing, collecting and bypass collectors in the upper drum, and the intermediate in the lower. In this case, the supply of network water is carried out in the upper drum.

The implementation of collectors with partitions and solid partitions in the drums of the boiler allows for the forced circulation of water in the pipes.

The amount of water passing through the boiler depends on the heat output of the boiler, the amount of heating of the water supplied to the boiler (temperature graph). The number of circuits, the number of lifting and lowering pipes included in each heating circuit, depends on the flow of water through the boiler and is determined by calculation from the condition of ensuring the following values of water speeds:

- for furnace tubes and a convective beam located in the flue gas temperature zone of more than 900 ° С, when water moves from bottom to top (lifting link of the circuit) at least 0.3-1.0 m / s, when water moves from top to bottom (lower link contour) not less than 0.6-1.0 m / s.

- for pipes of a convective beam located in the flue gas temperature range from 500 to 900 ° C, for the lifting link of the circuit at least 0.2-0.3 m / s, for the lower link of the circuit at least 0.4-0.7 m /from;

- for pipes of a convective bundle located in the flue gas temperature zone of less than 500 ° C, for the lifting link of the circuit at least 0.1 m / s, for the lower link of the circuit at least 0.2-0.4 m / s.

The movement of water in the boiler begins with the pipes of the furnace. The water supply to the boiler can be arranged by one or more nozzles. When water is supplied by several pipes, the movement of water is organized by parallel flows (spirals).

Thus, the proposed design of the boiler allows you to expand the range of boilers.

Industrial applicability. The present invention can find application in heating technology, and can also be used when transferring steam boilers to the hot water mode.

Claims (4)

1. A vertical water tube boiler containing two drums, interconnected by pipes of a convective beam, the gaps between the rows of which are formed of at least one autonomous gas duct adjacent to the beam of the furnace, bounded by tubular front, rear, side right and left screens, characterized in that in one of the drums there are distributing, collecting and bypass, and in the other - intermediate collectors divided by partitions into sections, with each section of the distributing collector communicated by a part of the wound pipes with a corresponding section of the intermediate collector, which, in turn, is connected through the other part of the screen pipes to the corresponding section of the collecting collector, forming a radiation heating circuit, and each subsequent radiation heating circuit is connected to the previous one through the corresponding section of the bypass collector, communicated simultaneously with the section a collecting collector of one radiation heating circuit and with a section of a distributing collector of another radiation heating circuit, in addition, a drum They are divided by transverse partitions into compartments in such a way that each compartment of one drum is connected by a part of the convective beam tubes with two compartments of the other, forming a convective heating circuit, while the first compartment of the convective heating circuit is communicated with the last radiation heating circuit through an intermediate or collecting collector section, the first the section of the distributing collector is equipped with a branch pipe for supplying network water, and the last compartment of the convective heating circuit is equipped with a branch pipe for removing the coolant. 2. The vertical water tube boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that each section of the distributing manifold is in communication with the corresponding section of the intermediate manifold by means of a portion of the pipes, either front, rear, or left side screens, or any combination thereof, and the last is communicated with the corresponding section of the receiving collector through pipes of the right screen. 3. The vertical water tube boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that each section of the distributing collector is in communication with a corresponding section of the intermediate collector by means of a portion of the pipes of the right side screen, and the latter is communicated with the corresponding section of the collecting manifold by means of a portion of the pipes either front or rear or left side screens or any combination thereof. 4. A vertical water tube boiler containing two drums communicated with each other by convective beam tubes, the gaps between the rows of which are formed of at least one autonomous gas duct adjacent to the beam of the furnace, bounded by tubular front, rear, side right and left screens, characterized in that in the first drum there are distributing and bypass collectors separated by partitions into sections, the drums are divided by transverse partitions into compartments, with each section of the distributing collector of the first drum not communicated by means of a part of the pipes of the right and left screens or their combination with pipes of the front or rear screens with the corresponding compartment of the second drum, which, in turn, by means of part of the pipes of the convective beam is communicated with the corresponding compartment of the first, forming a heating circuit, with each subsequent circuit connected with the previous one through the corresponding section of the bypass collector, communicated simultaneously with the compartment of the first drum of one circuit and the section of the distributing collector of the subsequent circuit, in addition , the section of the distributing collector of the first heating circuit is equipped with a pipe for supplying network water, and the last compartment of one of the drums is equipped with a pipe for removing the coolant.

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