RU2110730C1 - Barrel boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal engineering. SUBSTANCE: this once-through barrel boiler with built-in economizer has internal furnace and annular headers inter connected through heat-transfer tubes and gas ducts in the form of annular channels formed by gas conduits. Barrel boiler may run as water-heating or steam-generating boiler and may be found useful for industrial and agricultural entities; it can be mounted horizontally, vertically, or in inclined position; its efficiency is as high as 93%. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities, improved efficiency. 13 cl, 20 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a power system, in particular, to the design of a cylindrical once-through gas-oil boiler operating both in a water-heating and steam modes to ensure heat supply and technological needs of industrial, communal and rural facilities.

The well-known cast-iron sectional boiler "torch" (Stolpner E.E., Panyusheva Z.F. A reference manual for personnel of gasified boiler houses. -L .: Nedra. 1990, p. 63, Fig. 4.3 /. The boiler is designed to burn gas fuel and it has sections of an elliptical shape and a cylindrical internal firebox. Boiler sections of two types are medium and extreme. Boilers provide high heat removal from 1 m ² , achieved by complicating the movement of combustion products and the presence of special tides in the sections for turbulence (swirling) of the gas flow. firebox n they enter the intersection channels from the lower part of the furnace, rise upwards and then along horizontal flues to a rectangular metal nozzle and a collection duct.

 The disadvantages of the torch boiler include a low heat transfer coefficient through the cast-iron walls of sections with a thickness of about 10-15 mm, the relatively high weight of the boiler is about 4 tons, and the unreliability of the manufacturing material is cast iron.

 Closest to the proposed technical solution is the design of a cylindrical steam boiler type MZK-7G. (Stolpner E.V., Panyusheva Z. F. Reference manual for personnel of gasified boiler houses, -L .: Nedra, 1990, p. 81-83, Fig. 4.16).

 The boiler consists of two - upper and lower - ring collectors, interconnected by straight vertical pipes with a diameter of 38 mm, arranged in concentric circles in a checkerboard pattern. The inner row of pipes forms the screen surface of the cylindrical combustion chamber. In the gaps between the screen tubes, steel strips are welded - membranes, which together with the tubes form a dense combustion chamber. In annular collectors, which are stamped gratings, there are removable covers for inspection, cleaning and repair of screen and convective pipes. The boiler operates under pressurization. Air is forced into the annular channel formed by the internal heat-resistant and the outer skin of the boiler. Heated air passes through the duct and through the air register enters the burner located above the boiler and directed from top to bottom. The feed pipe is located in the upper manifold above the steam distribution grill. In the inner row of boiler pipes there is a place where smooth pipes are installed that are not covered by a membrane. The distance between the pipes allows the passage of exhaust gases. Further, the exhaust gases from the boiler are divided into two streams, and at the opposite side to the entrance, they are connected and sent to the chimney. The design efficiency of this type of boiler is 89.5%, weight. boiler 2.65 g.

 The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that it has a small heating surface of the combustion chamber of the boiler, unheated ring collectors, the absence of an economizer and, as a consequence, low efficiency.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the boiler while expanding its functionality (steam and hot water operation), reducing the metal consumption of the boiler in relation to the unit of released energy (T / Gcal).

 The goal in the proposed cylindrical boiler is achieved by the fact that it has a cylindrical shape, has a furnace and heating surfaces of a cylindrical shape, ring collectors are located on the front of the boiler, and the burner device is located between the internal collectors having a smaller diameter relative to the intermediate and external front collectors, and the combustion chamber is the inner tube screen cylindrical heating surface, consisting of heat exchange tubes connected to the inner collector and end face eco omayzera positioned in the center of the combustion chamber opposite the burner. The annular collectors connected to the heat exchange pipes are the radiative and convective cylindrical heating surfaces of the boiler, and the combustion products leaving the boiler furnace due to gas guiding devices are directed along the annular channel between the heat exchange pipes to the front of the boiler and, having circled the intermediate collector, enter the annular channel and moving between the heat exchange pipes, they exit the boiler to the economizer integrated in the boiler, and the cylindrical gas-guiding devices are heat exchange, since connected to the annular collectors, and at the end of the cylindrical furnace a toric heat exchange partition is installed, connected to the central cylindrical collector of the economizer and the internal gas guide device. The economizer built into the boiler is a central cylindrical collector with blind partitions (washers) extending beyond the surface of the central economizer collector (fins) and bent heat exchangers (petals) located along the perimeter and length of the central collector are the heating surface of the economizer, and the bent heat exchange pipe consists of from two ends that are not parallel to the central axis of the economizer collector, but each row of bent pipes differs from the previous one in that it bent pipes are displaced around the circumference of the central manifold in such a way that the greatest aerodynamic resistance to the moving flow of combustion products is formed, and gas guiding devices are installed in the economizer’s duct - partitions both on the economizer casing and partitions, which are both gas guiding and heat-exchanging water guiding partitions of the central collector economizer.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed design of a straight-through cylindrical boiler, where the inner ring collectors 1, the intermediate ring collectors 2 and the outer ring collectors 3 are connected by heat exchangers 4, the boiler has cylindrical gas guides 5 in the form of cylindrical partitions made of temperature material connected to the inner 1 and intermediate collector 2, the latter is connected to the gas partition 6, built into the economizer boiler. One end of the central economizer collector 7 is also the convection pipes of the boiler connected to the annular collector 3, the blind partitions 10 (washers) of the central economizer collector 7 form closed chambers inside the collector for circulating water through the heat exchanger tubes 11 of the economizer and, protruding above the surface of the collector 7, form heat-exchange fins 12. The economizer built into the boiler has bent heat-exchange pipes 11 (lobes), which form the convective heating surface of the boiler. In the integrated economizer, gas guide walls 13 and water and gas guide walls 14 are installed.

 In FIG. 2 shows the design of the economizer, the central manifold 7, bent heat transfer pipes 11, and the dotted line shows how to install the bent pipe 11 in the next row.

Figure 3 shows a breakaway with the deployed part of the central manifold 7 and installed bent heat exchange tubes 11;
Figure 4 shows a bent pipe, additionally connected to the membrane 15.

 Figure 5 shows the economizer built into the boiler with a central cylindrical collector 16, and its heat exchange pipes are made in the form of a coil 17, the central collector 16 has one blind partition 18 with ribs (not indicated in Fig. 5), and the lower loops of the coil 17 are divided and fixed to the central manifold 16, (as shown in Fig. 7) the movement of the combustion products in the economizer part is determined by gas guide baffles 19-20 connected to the boiler casing 21 and the central manifold 16.

 Figure 6 presents the execution in the form of a coil.

 In FIG. 7 presents the movement of combustion products in the economizer part.

 In FIG. 8 shows a boiler with frontal and reciprocal ring collectors.

 Figure 9 shows the alternating position of the frontal and reciprocal collectors.

 Figure 10 shows the connection of the collectors with additional rows of pipes.

 Figure 11 shows the annular collector in the context of figure 10.

 In FIG. 12 shows the connection of collectors in a two-row arrangement of heat transfer pipes.

 On Fig shown Fig in section.

 On Fig shows the ellipse shape of the annular collector.

 In FIG. 15 shows a boiler with an additionally extended cylindrical part.

 In FIG. 16 shows a boiler with an additional heating surface of the furnace part.

 17 shows an ellipse collector.

 On Fig shows a stamped trellis collector.

 On Fig shows part of the boiler circuit.

 On Fig shows a map diagram of the movement of water in the front manifold.

 Work cylindrical boiler.

 Water from the mains pumps is directed to the central collector 7 (shown by the arrow in Fig. 1), where the water is distributed through baffles (washers) into bent heat exchangers and, passing through them, heated enters the bypass pipes 9 connected to the annular collector 3 boiler (in this boiler the bypass pipes are connected to the external convective pipes of the boiler). From the annular collector 3, the water through convective pipes 4 (the flow of water through the pipes and its direction of movement is shown by arrows on the boiler heat exchange tubes) enters the annular intermediate collector 2 of the boiler from which water through convective pipes and screen tubes 4 enters the annular internal collector 1 of the boiler, from which is sent to the consumer. At certain speeds of water after the annular collector 2, water can go into the stage of vaporization, and in screen furnace pipes it completely evaporates, in this case the boiler can work as a direct-flow boiler. The combustion products, leaving the cylindrical combustion chamber of the boiler, are sent to the annular gas duct (since there are gas guiding devices in the form of cylindrical ducts 5 inside the boiler, the external of which is connected to the gas partition 6), in which convective heat exchange tubes 4 are located and returning to the front of the boiler, they are sent to the second annular gas duct, where the heat exchange pipes 4 are also located, from the last combustion products pass the heat exchange pipes 11 of the economizer built into the boiler with gas guides orodkami 13-14 and out of the boiler (the boiler gas movement shown by curved arrows).

 Fig. 8 shows a cylindrical once-through boiler having not only frontal annular collectors 22, 23, 24, but also reciprocal (opposite) annular collectors 23 and 24, while the heating surfaces of the boiler with reciprocal collectors are heat-exchange straight pipes connecting the front and heated mating ring collectors, thus obtaining a cylindrical heating surface (in the form of a “whitewash wheel”). The inner furnace screen tubes 25 in a straight section (shown in Fig. 8 by dashes on the pipes) are gas-tight, since steel strip-membranes, which serve as gas guiding devices of the boiler, are welded between the pipes to organize the direction of movement of the combustion products when leaving the combustion chamber into the annular channel and between the intermediate 26 and external 27 convective cylindrical screens of the boiler, a gas guide device 28 (in the form of a cylindrical box) connected to the gas partition of the furnace 29 is installed; connected to the central collector 30 of the economizer, and the heat exchange surfaces of the latter are made by coils 31, additionally connected by metal spacers 32 (membranes), and the coils 31 are installed at an angle to the central axis of the economizer collector (in Fig. 8 this is a dashed line passing through the collector of the economizer 30 is not marked). The water exit from the boiler is carried out on both sides of the intermediate ring collector 23 (not shown). At certain speeds of water in the heat transfer pipes, the boiler can be operated in direct-flow steam mode. The movement of the combustion product in the boiler (and in all boiler designs) is identical to the boiler shown in Fig. 1, from the furnace of the boiler the combustion products return to the front of the boiler along the annular gas duct and, after turning, they are sent along the annular duct to the economizer (indicated by bent arrows), and the water circulation in the boiler is indicated by arrows on the heat transfer pipes.

 In FIG. 9 shows the design of a cylindrical once-through boiler with frontal annular collectors 33, 34, 35 and reciprocal annular collectors 33, 34 and 35, and the location of the frontal annular collectors, as well as the reciprocal annular collectors, can vary relative to each other (neighboring), as shown in FIG. .9 a dashed line (the position of the mating collectors is not shown) in the design of this boiler, all heat transfer pipes are connected by metal spacers (membranes) from the front ring collectors to the mating rings to llektorov to organize the movement of products of combustion all the heating surfaces of the boiler, wherein all three front annular ring and all three response collectors can further be connected several rows of tubes of FIG. 10, while the arrangement of the pipes is shown on the breakout of the annular collector 11 (the same is shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 with a double-row arrangement of heat transfer pipes), and Fig. 14 shows the ellipse shape of the annular collector 37, which can also be used for multi-row installation of heat transfer pipes in the boiler.

 On Fig presents the design of a cylindrical once-through boiler, in which the integrated economizer is located in the outer cylindrical part of the boiler is further extended, while the central collector of the economizer 38 has an annular chamber 39, where water is supplied, and the heated water is returned from the economizer through the central collector 38 and the outlet pipe 40, from the latter, the water through the bypass pipes 41 is distributed to the external reciprocal (opposite the front of the boiler) ring collectors 42, of which heat exchange m to pipes 43, water enters the frontal external collectors 42 and then, depending on the boiler piping (i.e., how the bypass heat exchange pipes of the annular collectors are connected), the water enters the internal or intermediate heating surfaces of the boiler.

 On Fig presents the design of a cylindrical once-through boiler, in which the combustion chamber on the opposite side from the front of the boiler has an additional heating surface in the form of a toric ring 44 connected to the central collector 45 of the economizer, and the screen part of the ring part (according to the strength conditions) 46, perforated in a toric ring in the form of an annular chamber 44, for the circulation water to enter into them, the latter have metal spacers between them - membranes that do not reach ring (marked in the drawing - diagram 16 perpendicular strokes), which changes the direction of movement of the combustion products. The central collector 45 of the economizer is also perforated in the annular chamber 44 for water to enter after the economizer, and the combustion products are turned from the front of the boiler by a gas guide device 47 connected to a toric ring 44 (ring chamber), and water (steam) is released from the return a collector 48 located at the water inlet to the economizer.

 In FIG. 17 shows an ellipse collector 49 with and without a partition (not shown), which can be used in designs of cylindrical boilers, and FIG. 18 shows a stamped grid collector 50 with a removable cover, which can also be used in boilers of this design.

 In FIG. 19 is a part of the scheme of a cylindrical steam boiler (without an internal heating surface and an economizer), its difference is that the external cylindrical heating surface 51 of the boiler is connected by a bypass pipe 52 to the intermediate cylindrical heating surface 53 through frontal intermediate and external ring collectors 55 and reciprocal ( opposite) ring collectors 55, with an external cylindrical heating surface 51, have blind walls 56 (washers), see FIG. 20, mounted so that water circulation in the heat transfer pipes of the external cylindrical heating surface 51 of the boiler was multiple, which will result in the production of both saturated and superheated steam depending on the frequency of water circulation in the external cylindrical heating surface.

 On Fig presents a map diagram of the movement of water in the frontal external annular collector 55 (plus is the water inlet to the collector, minus is the water outlet from the collector), and the water output from the reciprocal external ring collector is indicated by the number 57. According to the same principle any cylindrical heating surface (intermediate, internal) having a reciprocal ring collector can work.

Claims (13)

 1. A cylindrical boiler containing a cylindrical furnace, cylindrical heating surfaces, ring collectors interconnected by heat exchange pipes, a gas duct in the form of an annular channel formed by gas guiding devices, characterized in that there are more than two ring collectors, it is additionally equipped with an integrated economizer made with central collector having water and gas guiding partitions and a system of heat exchange pipes, boiler heating surfaces are made in the form of more than two cylinders Sgiach rows of heat exchanger tubes, wherein the boiler furnace has an internal duct and two in the form of annular channels.  2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer pipes of the economizer integrated in the boiler have the form of coils.  3. The boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the front annular collectors additionally have mating annular collectors.  4. The boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that the central collector of the economizer has an annular chamber.  5. The boiler according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat exchange tubes of the boiler are additionally finned.  6. The boiler according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat transfer pipes of the boiler are additionally connected by membranes.  7. The boiler according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the annular collectors are additionally connected by several rows of heat transfer pipes.  8. The boiler according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the outer surfaces of the heat exchange tubes are additionally extended to the external reciprocal ring collectors, forming a cylindrical shaft in which the economizer is located.  9. The boiler according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further has a toric annular heating surface connected to a perforated central manifold and perforated pipes.  10. The boiler according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that blind partitions are additionally installed in the frontal and reciprocal ring collectors.  11. The boiler according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is protected by a layer of anticorrosive material.  12. The boiler according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is made of an anticorrosive material.  13. The boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that its heating surfaces are made of internal and external cylinders connected at the ends by toric surfaces and a gas guide wall.

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