RU2271650C2 - Machine for contour cutting of fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, fruit tree crowner machines.

SUBSTANCE: machine has drive part, cutter bar comprising row of disk saws arranged in equally spaced relation from one another on drive part. Disk saws are perpendicularly fixed on shaft. At least one additional disk saw is secured on each shaft under main disk saw, said additional saw being spaced from main saw by distance equal to length of branches to be cut. Diameter of additional disk saw is smaller than diameter of main disk saw. Difference of radii of main and additional saws is greater than diameter of branches to be cut.

EFFECT: provision for cutting branches of predetermined length, plowing said branches in for following decomposition thereof.

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Description

The present invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to machines for forming crowns of fruit trees.

In the complex of agricultural technical measures for garden care, pruning is one of the most effective methods of influencing plants. Contour pruning of fruit tree crowns is designed to cut part of the annual growth or perennial branches. To carry out this operation, an OKM-4.5 machine was created, which is used to reduce the crowns of trees and for side trimming when cutting the required width of the light corridor in the aisle of the garden [1].

After pruning fruit trees, cut branches remain in the aisles, which impede further maintenance of the garden.

The following methods of harvesting cut branches from the aisles of the garden are used:

1) Manually collect and load the cut branches into a vehicle, then take them to the burning site, unload and burn them. This method is not environmentally friendly, inefficient, because loading of branches is carried out manually, as well as due to the low use of the carrying capacity of the applied means [2].

2) The second method is that a roll is formed manually from the cut branches in the middle of the row-spacing, which is then taken out in one or two passes by the STS-4 garden drag or KNU-11 dump truck to the burning site. The operation of the aggregates is hindered by transverse breakup grooves in the aisles of the garden, while the loss of branches sharply increases [2, 3, 4].

3) The third method is aimed at creating stationary choppers. With this method, manual collection and manual loading of branches into the vehicle is carried out. Then they are transported to a stationary grinder, which is unloaded and manually fed into the grinder. The method is time-consuming, inefficient, energy-intensive and does not meet the safety requirements [2].

4) The NGO Gardens of the Kuban has developed a technology for pruning trees with simultaneous chopping, collecting wood chips into a bunker and removing it from the garden. All operations are carried out by a trailed combine [5]. The informational material presented does not indicate how the chopping drum captures a branch, which is usually a geometric figure with different bending angles in different directions.

Abroad, the chopping of branches is carried out directly in the garden, followed by the spreading of the chopped mass between the rows. The supply of branches to the chopper is carried out manually. The crushed branches are then smelled and decayed [2, 7, 8].

Thus, pruning fruit trees is followed by the subsequent operation of removing branches from the garden or chopping them in special shredders directly in the garden.

As a prototype, we take a universal machine for contour cutting of fruit trees MKO-3, which contains a frame mounted on the chassis with a cutting device mounted on it in the form of a series of equidistant circular saws, each of which is perpendicularly mounted on the shaft [3, 6]. The MKO-3 machine provides a high-quality cut of branches with a thickness of 10 ... 75 mm.

The aim of the invention is the division of the cut branches into parts.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the universal machine for contour pruning of fruit trees MKO-3, at least one additional circular saw is fixed on each shaft under the circular saw and parallel to it, the diameter of the additional circular saw is smaller than the diameter of the circular saw, and the difference between the radii a circular saw and an additional circular saw larger than the diameter of the cut branches.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a rear view; figure 2 is a top view.

The machine for contour pruning of fruit trees contains a chassis 1, a frame 2 with a cutting device mounted on it, consisting of circular saws 3 equally spaced from each other, each of which is fixed to the shaft 4, and also mounted on each shaft 4 under the circular saw 3 and parallel to it of at least one additional circular saw 5, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the circular saw 3.

Machine for contour pruning of fruit trees works as follows. The car enters the aisle of the garden, the fruit trees of which must be cut along the contour. The cutting apparatus is installed at a height at which the ends of the branches of the required length will be cut with circular saws 3, i.e. lengths, ensuring their smelling without clogging them with the working bodies of tillage machines. At the same distance from the circular saws 3, additional circular saws 5 are installed on each shaft 4. The drive 4 of the shafts 4 is turned on, on each of which a circular saw 3 is mounted and parallel to it at a distance equal to the required length of the cut branches, an additional circular saw 5, and They start moving the car along the aisle. When approaching the fruit tree 6, the circular saw 3 first enters the process of pruning the branch, because it is larger in diameter of the additional circular saw 5. The branch is cut. Then the same branch after some time, which depends on the speed of the unit and the difference between the radius of the circular saw 3 and the additional circular saw 5, but below it begins to cut the additional circular saw 5. Since the difference between the radii of the circular saw 3 and the additional circular saw 5 is greater the diameter of the cut branches, the contour cutting process is subject to all branches along the direction of the machine in the projection of the cutting apparatus. And due to the fact that nearby additional circular saws 5 are installed with overlapping each other along the machine, there will be no passes of uncut branches. A further decrease in the crown of fruit trees is achieved by lowering the cutting apparatus by an amount equal to the double distance along the shaft 4 between the circular saw 3 and the additional circular saw 5 and the subsequent passage of the machine along the garden aisle.

To ensure contour pruning of fruit trees in one pass, it is necessary to install on each shaft 4 under the additional circular saw 5 the corresponding number of additional circular saws.

Information sources

1. Reference gardener Ed. Cand. Agricultural Sciences P.I. Khripacha, Minsk "Urajay", 1985, p.132-133.

2. The mechanization of gardening. M .: Kolos, 1973, p. 262-263.

3. The mechanization of gardening. Ed. the second is a reslave. and supplemented. M .: Kolos, 1983, p.227.

4. Mechanization of work in young and fruit-bearing gardens (Methodological materials), Ed. "Ear". M., 1968, p. 36-38.

5. The harvester removes the branches. The rural machine operator, 2003, No. 1, p. 18.

6. Mechanization of production processes in gardening. Sat scientific Proceedings. 37, Michurinsk, 1982, p. 14-17.

7. Rifai N .. Lacko-Bartosova M., Somr R. Weed control by flaming and hot steam in apple ozchards. Plant Protect. Sc., 1999, Vol. 35, No. 4, p. 147-152 (Mulching, independently of the mulching material (tree bark, sawdust) effectively suppressed weed populations in apple orchards).

8. Ziegler B. Die Moglichkeiten der Unterzeilenbodenpflege. Dt.Weinbau, 1987, Vol. 42, No. 31 - S.1369-1374.

Claims (1)

A machine for contour pruning of fruit trees, including a frame mounted on the chassis with a cutting device mounted on it in the form of a series of circular saws equally spaced from each other, each of which is perpendicularly mounted on the shaft, characterized in that on each shaft under the circular saw and parallel to it at least one additional circular saw is fixed at a distance equal to the required length of the cut branches, the diameter of the additional circular saw is less than the diameter of the circular saw, and the difference between the radii a circular saw and an additional circular saw larger than the diameter of the cut branches.

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