RU2269995C1 - Mat, apparatus and method for spine extension and relieving strain from skeletal muscles and ligaments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing traction of spine and relieving strain from skeletal muscles and ligaments by means of apparatus comprising base and mat. Mat has working surface with transverse corrugation-type or bellows-type protrusions, said surface being capable of longitudinal compression and expansion.

EFFECT: reduced traction process time, isolated action upon different spine regions or joints, and increased extent of plastic extension.

32 cl, 26 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to medicine, namely to traction therapy, physiotherapy, neurology, orthopedics, traumatology, prophylactic, rehabilitation and manual therapy, and is intended for the general extension of individual segments of the spine and the entire spine as a whole, to eliminate deformations and relieve stress from skeletal muscles and ligaments traction exposure (traction) for various diseases, post-traumatic and post-stress changes and deformations of the spine and musculoskeletal system, as well as for relaxation and relaxation after sports, physical and working physical activities.

The invention can also be used in the manufacture of furniture, in particular in the manufacture of mattresses for beds, seats and treatment and wellness equipment.

State of the art

Spinal traction (traction, traction therapy) by various methods has been widely covered in the literature and is an almost mandatory component in complex therapy for various diseases and injuries of the spine and musculo-ligamentous apparatus of the human musculoskeletal system [AF Kaptelin Hydrokinesitherapy 1986; I.M. Mitbraith "Scoliosis", 1981, etc.].

Known methods of treatment of the spine, used for medicinal purposes, described and applied in healthcare, usually require either the use of medications or the use of special mechanisms and devices and are mainly used in a hospital or clinic, they are used mainly periodically and for a short time, which is not always optimal for the treatment of various diseases, elimination of deformations and injuries of the spine and musculoskeletal system.

Known methods for anesthesia of the spine with the help of drug therapy (injections), rhodon water (radiation), acupuncture, carried out both independently and in combination with underwater or dry traction [Methodical instructions for the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis. Moscow: USSR Ministry of Health, 1978], the disadvantage of which is a violation of the natural ecology of the human body, poisoning with drugs, changes in the energy balance of the body from exposure to radiation and needles, and with rough traction, and possible damage to the spine, muscles and ligaments.

A known method of anesthesia of the spine, the essence of which is that the spine is stretched with the help of racks-jacks, which are fixed on the belt by the patient at one end, and the other end rest against the iliac hollows [A.S. No. 689673, A 61 F 5/04, publ. 1979], the disadvantage of which is the patient’s rigid fixation, which does not allow taking into account the features of the course of exacerbation, does not allow the patient to actively participate in the treatment and contributes to the occurrence of distortion of information about the patient’s pain and physiological sensations.

Known methods of mechanical action on the musculo-ligamentous apparatus of the spine during traction in vertical, horizontal or inclined planes, traction methods using tightening belts, webbing, Glisson loop, but these traditional methods lead to excessive stress on the vascular system and to a rough uneven effect on the spine and the musculo-ligamentous apparatus, especially at the attachment points of the pulling means.

A known method of anesthesia of the spine, including traction of the spine with a device consisting of uprights, one end fixed to the patient’s belt, the other end resting on the axillary region, according to which spasm of the muscles of the spinal column is removed by traction due to the patient’s tension of the muscles of the shoulder girdle after creating an emphasis by the device with of both sides between the axillary region and the ilium wing, the patient himself controls the stretching by changing the pain, then restores the natural bends of the spine and relieves compression of the nerve roots by rolling the painful part of the spine along the roller, repeats traction, restores the natural bends of the spine using a roller, alternately brought under the lordosis and rolling the patient’s back on it, by changing the position of the patient’s body relative to the device, and bending is controlled and changed the spine by changing the pain by changing the diameter of the roller [RF Patent No. 2128492, A 61 N 23/00, publ. 1999.04.10].

Known shield-carriage for traction in the treatment system of scoliosis, spinal tuberculosis and others, eliminating the need for traction belts, straps and Glisson loops for traction, made in the form of two platforms mounted on a common frame and installed on the patient’s bed with separate mattresses: fixed - for head and torso and movable - for the lower extremities, moving along the guides under the action of a load suspended by a hook. To stretch the patient is placed so that the body and head are located on a fixed platform, and the pelvis and lower limbs are placed on the trolley, to which the load is attached through the unit. The patient is kept on the sites due to friction forces arising between the patient’s body and the mattresses [A.S. USSR No. 119654, publ. B.I. No. 9, 1959].

The DETENZOR system of long-term traction therapy developed in 1980 is known, which includes the traction mattress described below with a flat base and a working surface formed by protrusions of elastic material with flat vertices, and a relief therapeutic mat with protrusions of elastic material for intensive traction treatment during time spent by the patient on the elastic protrusions of the elastic material [Kienlein K. Die detensor - Methode. Selbsverlag. Roethenbach. 1988, http://www.detensor.ru]. However, this system is not effective enough, it provides only a static constant in magnitude effect of elastic material on the patient's body.

Known traction mattress "DETENSOR" for a bed or seat, comprising a profile element made of material with long-lasting elasticity, consisting of a profile element tightly attached to the base, interconnected backs and ribs facing the free ends toward the working surface of the mattress, while in the zone the mattress for the gluteal region and legs and in the area of the mattress for the back and head of the rib are inclined toward the corresponding end of the mattress, and in the zone for the lumbar vertebrae the ribs are perpendicular the longitudinal plane of the mattress, while the base in contact with the backs of the profile elements is additionally provided with sidewalls located along the entire length of the mattress, and a liner forming a head restraint fixed in the gap between the ribs, each rib has a foot for partial overlap on one or two sides the gap between the ribs in the zones and create a more closed surface for lying, and the thickness of the ribs in the zone of the mattress for the gluteal region and legs and for the back and head, starting from the rib in the lumbar region GOVERNMENTAL vertebrae is continuously increasing or decreasing in the direction of the corresponding edge of the mattress, and the rest of the profile element connected to the base by gluing [RF patent №1526566, A 47 C 27/15, publ. 11/25/86]. The technical disadvantage of this mattress is the static effect of the elastic material on the patient’s body with constant efforts.

The closest in technical essence analogue (prototype) is a device for passive traction of various segments of the spine with the aim of unloading and eliminating the pain syndrome under the action of the elastic force of the supporting elements, made in the form of a mattress made of dense foam with a base and supporting elements in the form of a brush made of villi, inclined at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface of the mattress, made in a height of 50 mm and arranged so that one half of the villi is inclined to the foot end of the mattress, and the other to the cranial , with a neutral zone in the middle of the mattress [RF Patent No. 2100980, A 61 C 7/04, A 61 H 7/00, publ. 1998.01.10].

Thus, the known methods of spinal traction used for medicinal purposes, described and used in healthcare, require either expensive and special mechanisms and are mainly used in a hospital or clinic, or are structurally complex and traumatic in use, or are simple in design and to manufacture, but have a static effect and are not effective enough when used.

The objectives of the invention and the technical result

The main technical problem (the inventive task not yet solved) is that the known means and methods of spinal traction used for medicinal purposes, described and used in health care, require either expensive and special mechanisms and are mainly used in a hospital or clinic , or are not sufficiently effective and traumatic in use.

The general objectives of the claimed group of inventions (the technical result achieved by using the invention) are the creation of simple in construction, cheap to manufacture and materials, simple in the way of using a mattress and device for plastic traction of the spine and stress relief from skeletal muscles and ligaments for the purpose of treatment, elimination deformations and stresses, elimination of pain syndromes at home, in a hospital or clinic by providing an adjustable plastic traction in acting on the musculoskeletal and ligamentous apparatus of the spine during traction (traction), providing the possibility of selective exposure to different parts of the spine, muscle groups and joints, ensuring a high degree of plastic traction, simultaneous use as a passive static (due to the dead weight of the stretched object and the elasticity of the material mattress), and active dynamic (use of tools to create additional directed longitudinal efforts) methods of stretching, dosing and regulated I traction effort and allow a simple operational control over the conduct and results of the traction procedure.

Disclosure of invention

The invention is expressed in the aggregate of the following essential features of the invention.

The tasks are solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that according to the invention in the mattress, the working surface is corrugated with transverse protrusions (with transverse ribs of the type "corrugation" or "accordion") and the possibility of longitudinal compression and expansion and is made of elastic material, for example foam rubber , polyurethane, polyurethane foam, rubber, rubber, latex or composite material.

The mattress contains means for compressing the working surface of the mattress and fixing the working surface of the mattress in a compressed state, made with the possibility of longitudinal compression of the working surface of the mattress or individual sections of the working surface of the mattress and made, for example, in the form of transverse rods attached to the side of the working surface of the mattress of flexible rods with rings or belts with holes and corresponding protrusions on the sides of the working surface of the mattress, and the working surface of the mattress and fi sation of the working surface of the mattress in a compressed condition adapted to longitudinal compression and subsequent expansion of the working surface of the mattress, or individual sections of the working surface of the mattress.

In addition, to create additional pulling forces, the part of the working surface of the mattress in contact with the person lying on the mattress is made of elastic or fleecy material, for example, foam rubber, polyurethane foam, foam latex, rubber or rubber, with the possibility of elastic deformation.

In this case, the mattress contains means for controlling the degree of compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress, made, for example, in the form of indexes of longitudinal compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress and the corresponding scale with divisions fixed on the side of the working surface of the mattress, as well as means for forming protrusions on the working surface of the mattress in appropriate locations of the cervical or lumbar bends of the spine of a person lying on the mattress, made, for example, in the form of installed from below under the corresponding places of the working surface of the mattress of convex polymer liners.

In addition, the mattress contains means for fixing on the working surface of the mattress the position of the head, shoulder, waist, legs or arms of a person lying on the mattress, made, for example, in the form of belts with Velcro fasteners.

In addition, to create additional pulling forces, the protrusions of the working surface of the mattress are inclined from the middle of the mattress to the end of the legs of the person lying on the mattress and tilted from the middle to the end of the head of the person lying on the mattress with gaps between the protrusions that are variable in width and depth.

In order to increase the contact surface of the patient’s body with the mattress on the working surface of the mattress at the location of the neck and lower back of the person lying on the mattress, corresponding protrusions are made, and corresponding depressions are made at the location of the head and buttocks of the person lying on the mattress.

Moreover, to increase the efficiency, the mattress contains means for stretching the cervical spine, made, for example, in the form of a pillow or collar element with transverse protrusions made with the possibility of a pulling effect on the cervical spine, the mattress also contains means for increasing the impact of forces of longitudinal expansion of the working surface of the mattress made, for example, in the form of spring or tensile elements attached to the working surface of the mattress.

In addition, the mattress contains means for fastening it on an inclined surface, made, for example, in the form of seat belts, made of waterproof materials with the possibility of the mattress functioning on water or under water, for example, in a bath or in a pool.

In addition, the mattress is made up of two or more elements made with the possibility of compact folding and unfolding the mattress in the working position.

In addition, the mattress contains an elastic fabric coating made, for example, of an antistatic, breathable elastic material that does not impede the compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress, made, for example, in the form of a sheet attached to the end parts of the mattress with Velcro fasteners or in the form of a cover with zippers.

The tasks are solved, and the technical result is also achieved by the fact that, according to the invention, in a device containing a mattress for stretching the spine and relieving stress from skeletal muscles and ligaments, the working surface of the mattress is made with transverse protrusions with the possibility of longitudinal compression and expansion.

In this case, the mattress perform the design described above.

In addition, the device comprises a base in the form of a platform with a rectangular-shaped case with a flat bottom and protruding side and end walls, the case being made with the possibility of changing length, for example, with the possibility of telescopic insertion of one part of the case into another, and the case contains means for fixing the working surface of the mattress in a compressed state, made with the possibility of longitudinal compression and longitudinal expansion of the working surface of the mattress or individual sections of the working surface of the mattress, flaxed, for example, in the form of grooves with recesses in the side walls of the housing and transverse fixing rods placed on the working surface of the mattress.

In addition, the device comprises means for measuring and controlling the degree of compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress, made, for example, in the form of a scale for monitoring the longitudinal movement of the working surface of the mattress located on the side walls of the mattress during compression and expansion, means for measuring the growth of a person lying on the mattress, made for example, in the form of a scale located on the side wall of the housing and two transverse elements with the possibility of free movement and contact with the head and legs lying on the mat human race, as well as means to reduce the sliding friction forces of the working surface of the mattress on the base during compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress, made, for example, in the form of an antifriction coating or means for converting sliding friction into rolling friction.

In addition, the device contains means for the formation of protrusions on the working surface of the mattress in the corresponding locations of the cervical or lumbar bends of the spine of a person lying on the mattress, made, for example, in the form of convex polymer inserts made with the possibility of their installation on the bottom of the body under the corresponding places on the working surface of the mattress.

Moreover, the device is made of water-resistant materials with the possibility of its functioning on water or under water, for example in a bath or pool.

In addition, the base of the device can be made in the form of elastic elements formed by cutting the protrusions of the working surface of the mattress from a flat mat.

The tasks are solved, and the technical result is also achieved by the fact that by the method of stretching the spine and relieving stress from skeletal muscles and ligaments, including traction (stretching) of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments according to the invention, traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments is carried out by acting on the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments with transverse protrusions of the working surface, made with the possibility of longitudinal expansion.

In this case, when traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments is used, the mattress described above or the device described above or other means similar in design and action are used.

In this case, traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments is carried out with an inclined position of the human body.

In addition, traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments is carried out in water or under water, for example in a bath or pool, and with additional exposure to vibration.

Thus, the design features and advantages of using the inventive mattress, device and method are the original design, the possibility of reducing the duration of the traction procedure, the possibility of an isolated effect on different parts of the spine or joints, a higher degree of plastic traction due to the spring properties of the structure, and the possibility of using it as a passive (due to the dead weight of the object being drawn), as well as active (using additional external pulling effects and means for traction) methods of traction, dosing of traction not only due to the possible modification of the design and density of the material from which the traction mattress is made, but also due to the possibility of regulating the amount of compression of the working surface of the mattress and, accordingly, the efforts of the working forces of traction during longitudinal expansion of the mattress.

List of drawings

Disclosure of the invention is illustrated by drawings in Fig.1-26.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the traction mattress 1 with a corrugated working surface formed by protrusions with flat tops 2, ribs 3, end walls 4 and recesses 5 for rods 7 with handles 6, with arrows indicating the directions of possible forced longitudinal compression of the working surface of the mattress .

Figure 2 shows a General view of the traction mattress 1 in a longitudinally compressed state with arrows indicating the direction of possible elastic longitudinal expansion of the working surface of the mattress.

Figure 3 shows a side view of the traction mattress 1, in which the protrusions on the working surface are made inclined from the middle to the longitudinal ends of the working surface of the mattress and on which the arrows show the longitudinal directions of compression / expansion of the working surface of the mattress.

Figure 4, 5, 6, 7 shows the options for the design of the protrusions and ribs (ribs) of the working surface of the mattress, made with different slopes and different depths and widths of the gaps between the protrusions of the corrugations.

On Fig presents a schematic representation of a traction mattress with means of forced longitudinal compression of the working surface of the mattress, made in the form of rods installed under the working surface of the mattress with handles 6 and with arrows indicating the direction of a possible forced longitudinal compression of the working surface of the mattress, and Fig.10 - a similar image of the mattress in the base case with side walls 8.

Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of a traction mattress in a compressed state with means of forced longitudinal compression in the form of rods with handles 6 and with arrows indicating the directions of possible elastic longitudinal expansion of the working surface of the mattress, and figure 11 is a similar image in a case with walls 8 .

On Fig shows an embodiment of the means of forced longitudinal compression and fixation in a compressed state of the working surface of the mattress in the form of a rod 7 with handles 6.

On Fig shows a side view installed in the housing of the traction mattress with means of forced longitudinal compression in the form of rods 7 with handles 6 with arrows indicating the direction of longitudinal compression / expansion of the working surface of the mattress.

On Fig shows a General view of the base in the form of a platform with a rectangular shape with end walls 11 and longitudinal side walls 8, in which longitudinal grooves 10 are made with recesses 9 for placement of the rods 7 in them and fixing the rods in a predetermined position.

On Fig shows a side view of the housing with a longitudinal groove 10 with recesses 9, with rods 7 and means of fixing the rods in a given position in the form of handles 6 and arrows indicating the possible movement and fixation of the rods in the recesses 9.

In Fig.16, 17 shows a variant of the structural elements of the height meter 12 with a scale of 14 and pointers 13.

On Fig, 19 shows a General view and side view of an embodiment of the liners 15 with arched protrusions of hard plastic for the formation of protrusions and depressions on the working surface of the mattress by placing them under the working surface of the mattress.

On Fig and 21 shows a side view and a top view of additional elements 17 and 18 with serrated protrusions and a flat base, which when superimposed on one another form the flat movable base shown in Fig. 23, which can be installed under the working surface of the mattress, as depicted in Fig.24, or on the working surface of the mattress, as shown in Fig.25.

On Fig shows the design of the traction cushion.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The working surface of the mattress 1 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 22) is made of dense elastic material, for example, of the ETERLON® foam rubber in accordance with TU 2254-001-43459536-, which complies with the state sanitary and epidemiological rules 2003 production of CJSC "ESPE" (St. Petersburg) or other known elastic materials by hot pressing or cutting from the mat of relief transverse protrusions of the type "corrugation" ("accordion") with flat tops 2, ribs 3 and end walls 4, allowing the working surface mattress elastically shrink longitudinally enii by an external longitudinal load and to elastically decompress in the longitudinal direction by the elasticity of the material or structure and the possible impact of additional special means for increasing the effort of the longitudinal extension of the working surface of the mattress.

The forces of elastic longitudinal expansion of the structure and the material of the mattress are usually sufficient for the effective impact of a soft plastic retracting effect on the spine and musculoskeletal system, however, to enhance the effect of stretching, it is possible to use a multilayer composite construction of the working surface of the mattress consisting of two or more materials, for example, foam and polyurethane foam, polyurethane foam and elastic plastic or elastic composite material.

The multilayer construction of the mattress material implies the use of materials with various degrees of elasticity, density, elasticity and compression / expansion coefficients. Moreover, the shape of each subsequent layer of the mattress can repeat the shape of the main working layer of the mattress.

The transverse ribs of the "accordion" of the working surface of the mattress are variable in height from a minimum of 10 mm to a maximum of 500 mm.

The orientation of the protrusions on the working surface of the mattress can be either vertical or inclined at an angle to the right or left, or to the longitudinal sides of the mattress opposite to the central part of the mattress.

The direction of the location of the protrusions and ribs on the working surface of the mattress can be made both transverse and inclined at an angle to the lateral edges of the working surface of the mattress, or the protrusions and ribs of the working surface can be made of complex shaped shape (figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 22).

The shape and location of these modifications of the design of the working surface of the mattress is achieved by known technological methods of forming, pressing, stamping or cutting a solid web (mat) of elastic material according to a given computer program.

The mattress and device according to the invention make it possible to selectively act not only on the entire spine, but also on various parts of the spine (pectoral, lumbar, cervical) or on individual joints or groups of skeletal muscles and ligaments.

The working surface of the mattress can be made flat along its entire length, wavy or with protrusions or recesses in certain places in accordance with the anatomical configuration of the body of the person lying on the mattress. The formation of protrusions and depressions on the working surface of the mattress is possible due to the execution of different heights of the "accordion" ribs of the profile of the working surface, and by placing one or more convex inserts under the working surface, for example, an arcuate shape made of hard plastic with the ability to move along the length of the mattress. There can be several such rollers (Figs. 18, 19).

For an isolated impact on the cervical spine, additional devices are offered - a traction cushion (Fig. 26) or a traction collar (Fig. 20, 21), which has the shape of a cylinder folded into a transverse "accordion". The dimensions of the pillow and collar can vary both in the vertical and horizontal directions (Figs. 26, 20, 21).

The housing of the base of the mattress can be made rectangular in shape with a telescopic change in length from 150 cm to 300 cm (figure 10, 11, 16).

Means for reducing the friction of the expanding working surface of the mattress along the bottom of the housing, for example, in the form of an antifriction surface, a coating of antifriction material or rolling bearings, can be placed below the working surface of the mattress or on the bottom of the housing.

In the side walls of the housing, grooves can be made with recesses located every 5 cm along the entire length of the groove in its upper part (Figs. 13, 14, 15), in which metal rods 6 with special fasteners 7 on both sides are installed (Fig. 12), fixing the rods in a predetermined position (Fig.9, 11, 13, 15) for fixing the working surface of the mattress in a compressed state. The rods can be fixed in the side walls of the housing by any methods capable of holding the traction mattress in a compressed state: for example, by placing the rods in special openings of the housing walls; pulling the handle of the rods by twisting along the thread in the opposite direction, etc. The fixation of the rods 7 in the working surface of the mattress can be carried out in special holes 5 (Fig.1, 2).

For the longitudinal expansion of the working surface of the mattress 1, the rods 7 are removed from the locking position from the recesses 9 and they, in the process of longitudinal expansion of the mattress, move freely along the longitudinal grooves 10 in the side walls 8 of the housing (FIGS. 10, 13, 14, 15).

For an isolated pulling effect on the cervical spine at home and as an additional element for relaxation, a pillow is used (Fig. 26), made in the same way, working in the same way as a traction mattress, and having the shape of a transverse "accordion" with a variable height of the ribs from the base of the cervical to the occipital part of the head. This design is applicable for traction procedures in patients suffering from diseases of the cervical spine, as well as for the correct functional position of the head during sleep and rest. This product can be used both in combination with a traction mattress and a traction device, as well as a separate device applicable in domestic conditions for sleep and rest.

The traction mattress 1 is easily installed and located on the bottom of the case, covering the rods 7, and is also easily removed from it, which allows the mattress to be placed on any other flat surface (it is possible under a slope), including a vibrating one (Figs. 23, 24), to enhance the relaxation effect.

A stadiometer 12 (Fig. 16, 17), consisting of a millimeter scale 14, the divisions of which are calculated from its central part in the opposite direction, and two horizontal bars with pointers 13 to control the change in growth during stretching, can be fixed on the side of the housing. The rods of the height meter (Fig.16, 17) are located across the platform, touching the head in the upper and legs in its lower part, and move freely when changing the size of the body during traction (Fig.16, 17).

The traction mattress is provided with a special fabric coating (sheet or cover), which is fixed in its end parts of the mattress or with which the entire working surface of the mattress is covered. The sheet or cover is made of an antistatic, breathable, knitted fabric, the elastic properties of which do not impede the movement of the accordion ribs during their movement in any direction.

The individual design features of the mattress and device may vary depending on the type and properties of the materials used and the known technologies for their processing.

The traction mattress can be used separately from the general design of the device, for example, as a mattress for sleeping, resting and relaxation procedures after exercise.

Apart from the mattress and the device, a pillow for sleeping and relaxing and a cervical collar (to maintain the head with weak muscles of the cervical spine) can also be used.

The use of traction mattress is also possible during water procedures. Moreover, the shape of the mattress and its degree of compression and tension can be modified taking into account the design features of the container with water and the degree of immersion of the patient in water.

When implementing the method of stretching the spine and relieving stress from the skeletal muscles and ligaments of the invention, the traction mattress described above is deployed on a flat surface with a length of at least 3 m and a width of at least 1 m.

The compression of the working surface of the traction mattress is carried out in stages: at the first stage, the working surface of the head of the traction mattress is compressed, and at the second stage, the foot part of the traction mattress is compressed. Compression of the working surface of the mattress is carried out by any mechanical method to the desired position. In this case, the compression of the working surface of the mattress can be made selectively in various parts in places of the intended stretching of the patient's parts.

The patient is placed on the compressed, brought into working condition surface of the traction mattress. To achieve orthopedics and comfort of the traction object during the procedure, in places of functional bends of the body, arc-shaped inserts (Fig. 18, 19) of the required height are placed under the traction mattress, or a traction cushion (Fig. 26) or a traction collar (Fig. 20, 21) for comfort and traction of the cervical spine.

The time of the procedure varies depending on the result achieved (on average, the stretching time is 15-30 minutes).

After the procedure, the traction object rises from the traction mattress.

If the traction procedure is not effective enough, the compression / extension of the working surface of the mattress is repeated several times.

To obtain the greatest effect, when stretching the spine and achieving the greatest comfort, when the patient is on a traction mattress, a vibration base is used, consisting of two sawtooth sections directed to each other and connected into a spike of mats made of elastic material (Figs. 23, 24). The vibration base is placed under the traction mattress and creates additional vibration impulses during the traction / traction procedure.

For hygienic procedures, the surface of the traction mattress is covered with an elastic, easily replaceable cover or a sheet of elastic, for example, knitted fabric.

Experimental methods for using the inventive mattress, device and method have been shown to increase patient growth, increase intervertebral spaces, decrease muscle tension and ligaments, restore the physiological state of displaced vertebrae and intervertebral discs, reduce pressure in the intervertebral discs, completely relax paravertebral muscles, maximize the effect of comfort and relaxation.

As a result of studies conducted in the period from December 1993 to July 1994 on the basis of the Avicenna Medical Scientific Association in St. Petersburg, the possibility of increasing patient growth after a single stretching procedure from 0.5 to 4 cm, eliminating vertebral displacement after various spinal injuries due to mild traction in 80% of patients.

Moreover, even after a single procedure, the patients improved microcirculation and trophic paravertebral structures, restored the functions of the organs corresponding to the projections of the segments of the spine, and during the procedures on the traction mattress the patients underwent spinal stretching also due to relaxation and subsequent stretching of the ligaments and muscle structures without ligament injury -muscular apparatus of the spine.

Overstretching or damage to the spine, muscles or ligaments was not detected.

Dosing of the traction load on the claimed mattress and device is possible by adjusting the compression of the traction mattress and the selective approach to each patient, taking into account his weight, height and constitutional features of the body.

When using traction mattresses, an increase in the intervertebral spaces, a decrease in muscle and ligament tension, a decrease in pressure on the nerve endings due to an increase in the intervertebral spaces, normalization of the anatomical structure with displacement of the vertebrae and disc prolapse, it is possible to normalize the anatomical structure, reduce or eliminate compression of the nerve endings, and improve local blood circulation, improving fluid circulation in the tissues of the intervertebral discs, relieving back pain in more In patients with myocardial infarction, improved nutrition of the intervertebral discs, tissue regeneration, increased microcirculation in the skin, total relaxation of the paravertebral muscles, correction of spinal curvature.

Industrial applicability

For practical confirmation of the feasibility of implementing the invention in an industrial way and experimental confirmation of the feasibility of achieving the required technical result, various design options for pilot designs of a mattress, a neck collar, a pillow and the entire device as a whole were made and tested, which showed the feasibility and high efficiency of the invention.

It has been revealed that indications for the use of a traction mattress are reflex syndromes of the cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral spine (cervicalgia, thoracalgia, lyubalgia, lumbar ischialgia), radicular syndromes of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar-vertebrogenic origin (radiculitrogenic and degenerative-degenerative changes, moderate) spine (scoliosis, kyphosis), myalgia of vertebrogenic origin, myeloradiculoischemia of the thoracic, lumbosacral, post-traumatic and post-load changes and deformities societies of the spine and musculoskeletal system, sports, physical and working loads on the spine and musculoskeletal system.

Contraindications to the use of the claimed mattress, device and method have not been established.

COMPLIANCE WITH ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

In general, given the novelty and innocence of the invention (proved in the section "Background" and "Disclosure of the invention"), the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention (proved in the section "Disclosure of the invention" and "Disclosure of the Invention"), as well as shown in sections "Examples of the invention" and "Industrial applicability" the practical feasibility of the invention, the confident solution of the tasks set by the invention and the achievement of the technical result, the claimed invention meets all the requirements of protection The ability shown to inventions.

Thus, there is every reason to argue that the invention meets the requirements of the eligibility criterion of "inventive step", and the analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and together they are not only sufficient for achieve the objectives of the invention, but also allow you to implement the invention in an industrial way.

In addition, the analysis of the set of essential features of the inventions of the group and the overall technical result achieved by using them shows the presence of a single inventive concept, a close and inextricable connection between the inventions of the group, namely, when implementing the method, the inventive mattress and device are used, and the inventive mattress is used in the device. This allows you to combine the three inventions in one application.

Claims (32)

1. A mattress having a working surface with transverse protrusions, characterized in that the working surface is made with transverse protrusions of the "corrugation" or "accordion" type and the possibility of longitudinal compression and expansion. 2. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface of the mattress is made of an elastic material, for example, foam rubber, polyurethane, polyurethane foam, rubber, rubber, latex or composite material. 3. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with means of longitudinal compression and fixation in a compressed state of the working surface of the mattress or its individual sections, made, for example, in the form of transverse rods or attached on the side of the working surface of the mattress of flexible rods with rings or belts with holes and corresponding protrusions on the sides of the working surface of the mattress. 4. The mattress according to claim 3, characterized in that the means of longitudinal compression and fixation in the compressed state of the working surface of the mattress or its individual sections are made with the possibility of subsequent expansion of the working surface of the mattress or its individual sections. 5. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the working surface of the mattress in contact with the person lying on the mattress is made of elastic or fleecy material, for example foam rubber, polyurethane foam, foam latex, rubber or rubber, with the possibility of elastic deformation and the creation of additional tensile forces . 6. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a means of controlling the degree of compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress or its individual sections, made, for example, in the form of indicators of longitudinal compression and expansion fixed on the lateral parts of the working surface of the mattress and the corresponding scale with divisions. 7. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with means for the formation of protrusions on the working surface of the mattress in the corresponding locations of the cervical or lumbar bends of the spine of a person lying on the mattress, made, for example, in the form of a convex mattress installed below from the corresponding places on the working surface of the mattress polymer liners. 8. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with means for fixing on the working surface of the mattress the position of the head, shoulder, waist, legs or arms of a person lying on the mattress, made, for example, in the form of belts with Velcro fasteners. 9. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions of the working surface of the mattress are made inclined from the middle of the mattress to the end of the location of the legs of the person lying on the mattress and inclined from the middle of the mattress to the end of the location of the head of the person lying on the mattress. 10. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions on the working surface of the mattress are made with gaps between the protrusions that are variable in width and depth. 11. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that on the working surface of the mattress in the location of the neck, lower back, head and buttocks of the person lying on the mattress corresponding protrusions and recesses are made. 12. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the mattress is equipped with a means for stretching the cervical spine, made, for example, in the form of a pillow or collar element with transverse protrusions made with the possibility of a pulling effect on the cervical spine. 13. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that on the working surface of the mattress in the location of the head and buttocks of the person lying on the mattress, corresponding recesses are made. 14. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the mattress is equipped with means for increasing the impact of forces of longitudinal expansion of the working surface of the mattress or its individual parts, made, for example, in the form of spring or tensile elements attached to the working surface of the mattress. 15. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the mattress is equipped with means for mounting it on an inclined surface, made, for example, in the form of seat belts. 16. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the mattress is made of water-resistant materials with the possibility of the mattress functioning in or under water, for example, in a bath or in a pool. 17. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the mattress is made up of two or more elements made with the possibility of compact folding and unfolding the mattress in the working position. 18. The mattress according to claim 1, characterized in that the mattress is provided with an elastic fabric coating made, for example, of an antistatic, breathable elastic material that does not interfere with the compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress or its individual sections, made, for example, in the form of a sheet, attached to the end parts of the mattress with Velcro fasteners or in the form of a cover with zipper fasteners. 19. A device for stretching the spine and relieving stress from skeletal muscles and ligaments, containing a mattress having a working surface with transverse protrusions, characterized in that it contains a base and a mattress according to any one of claims 1 to 18. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a rectangular-shaped body with a flat bottom and protruding side and end walls. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the casing is made with the possibility of changing the length, for example, with the possibility of telescopic insertion of one part of the casing into another. 22. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the means of longitudinal compression, fixation in a compressed state and subsequent expansion of the working surface of the mattress or its individual sections are made, for example, in the form of grooves with recesses in the side walls of the housing and transverse placed in the working surface of the mattress fixing rods. 23. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that it is provided with a means of measuring and monitoring the degree of compression and expansion of the working surface of the mattress or its individual sections, made, for example, in the form of a scale for controlling the longitudinal movement of the working surface of the mattress or its located on the side walls of the housing individual sections in the process of compression and expansion. 24. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that it is provided with a means of measuring the growth of a person lying on the mattress, made, for example, in the form of a scale located on the side wall of the housing and two transverse elements with the possibility of free movement and contact with the head and legs lying on mattress of man. 25. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that it is equipped with means to reduce sliding friction of the working surface of the mattress on the base when compressing and expanding the working surface of the mattress or its individual parts, made, for example, in the form of an antifriction coating or means for converting sliding friction into friction rolling. 26. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the device contains means for the formation of protrusions on the working surface of the mattress in the respective locations of the cervical or lumbar bends of the spine of the person lying on the mattress, made, for example, in the form of convex polymer liners made with the possibility of installation on the bottom of the case under the appropriate places on the working surface of the mattress. 27. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that it is made of waterproof materials with the possibility of its functioning on water or under water, for example, in a bath or pool. 28. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the base is made in the form of elastic elements formed by cutting the protrusions of the working surface of the mattress from a flat mat. 29. A method of stretching the spine and relieving stress from skeletal muscles and ligaments, including traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments by exposing them to the transverse protrusions of the working surface of the mattress, characterized in that the mattress is used according to any one of claims 1 to 18. 30. The method according to clause 29, wherein the traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments is carried out at an inclined position of the human body. 31. The method according to clause 29, wherein the traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments is carried out in water or under water, for example, in a bath or pool. 32. The method according to clause 29, wherein the traction of the spine and skeletal muscles and ligaments is carried out with additional exposure to vibration.

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