RU2267698C1 - Arrangement for firing solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to arrangements for firing solid fuel predominantly waste wood and peat.

SUBSTANCE: the arrangement has a mine for fuel feeding, a combustion chamber, a fire-grate, an arrangement with a nozzle end for feeding air of forced draught for firing fuel along the contour of the combustion chamber and an afterburner. The peculiarity of the arrangement is that the fire-grate is fulfilled out of disconnecting sections each of which is provided with a hollow insertion with a nozzle-end. At that the nozzle parts of the insertions along the contour of the combustion chamber are fulfilled in the shape of sections located at the level of the sheet of the fire-grate in parallel to it and connected with a collector of the arrangement for supply air of forced draught with possibility of regulating an effective cross-section of the feeding zone. The insertions are installed perpendicularly to the fire bars. The length of the insertion equals the width of the fire- grate. The number of the sections of the fire- grate is no less than two.

EFFECT: allows to increase productivity and exploiting reliability and also possibility of regulation of power in a wide range.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for burning solid fuels, mainly wood waste and peat.

A device for burning wood waste of high ash content, comprising a shaft for supplying fuel, a grate with rotary grates with a drive, blow and fire channels (RU 2148210 C1, F 23 B 5/04, 04/27/2000).

Its disadvantages include the probability of significant entrainment of fireproof products, explosiveness, inconvenience of service (which does not increase productivity) and unsuitability for burning peat.

A device for burning solid fuel is also known RU 2015450, F 23 B 1/38, 1994), comprising a combustion chamber with a lowering shaft for supplying shredded fuel, with sharp blast nozzles, with an inclined grate, and an afterburner with an afterburner installed under angle to the combustion chamber.

The implementation of an inclined grate makes it necessary to use fuel (for example, wood waste - bark, wood chips) only in a crushed state, to ensure its dispersion within the selected range of the angle of repose, complicates the maintenance and the device itself, and also does not guarantee uninterrupted supply and formation throughout the length of the lattice of the fuel layer of the required thickness, which reduces productivity and reliability. The design of the lowering shaft does not exclude the possible formation of fuel seals along its height, which also reduces operational reliability (including explosion safety).

The objective of the invention is the provision of layer-by-layer high-speed combustion of fuel. The technical result is an increase in productivity and operational reliability of the device, the ability to control power in a wide range.

This is achieved by the fact that in a device for burning solid fuel containing a shaft for supplying fuel, a combustion chamber, a grate, a hot blast air supply device for burning fuel with a nozzle part along the circuit of the combustion chamber, and an afterburner with an afterburning air supply device, the grate is made horizontal of detachable sections, each of which is equipped with a hollow insert having a nozzle part; at the same time, the nozzle parts of the inserts and along the contour of the combustion chamber are made in the form of slots located at the level of the grate sheet, parallel to it and connected to the manifold of the hot blast air supply device, with the possibility of adjusting the living section of the supply zone. In addition, the inserts are installed perpendicular to the grates, their length is equal to the width of the grate, and the number of sections of the grate is at least two.

Indeed, for fuel combustion, air enters both through the nozzle part of the grate inserts and through the nozzle part located along the contour of the combustion chamber. Since the design of the device provides the supply of hot blast air parallel to the grate sheet, the pyrolysis of fuel occurs only in the space adjacent to the burning layer, which makes the device explosion proof. The entrainment of fuel, including such as peat, is almost unlikely. Afterburning contributes to this. Unlike the closest analogue, the existing nozzle part of the sharp blast air supply device located along the contour of the combustion chamber in the inventive device is made in the form of slots parallel to the grate sheet and located at the level of the canvas (grates). Adding to it the nozzle part of the inserts, which is also located at the level of the canvas (grates) of the grate, provides the creation of a layer of high-speed combustion of fuel over the entire area of the grate (combustion mirrors of the layer). By adjusting in a known manner the living section of the feed zone and the flow rate of hot blast air, it is possible to change the thickness of the burned layer, change the performance of the device and its power without changing the dimensions of the device (with small dimensions - high power).

Improving operational reliability is ensured by the implementation of the mine with a negative angle of inclination of its walls (there is no freezing of fuel), a sectional detachable design of the grate (maintainability is improved) and the creation of conditions for layered high-speed combustion of fuel (the intensity of pyrolysis is small - the device is explosion-proof).

The drawing shows a longitudinal section of a device for burning solid fuel. It contains a vertical shaft 1 for supplying fuel, a combustion chamber 2 with a grate 3, a sharp blast air supply device 4 for fuel combustion, equipped with a regulating body 5, an afterburner 6, in which there are afterburner grids 7 and 8, air supply devices 9 and 10 for afterburning, as well as the ash chamber 11.

The shaft 1 is made expandable to the combustion chamber 2. The grate 3 is equipped with: hollow - inserts 12, which are supports for it and having a nozzle part 13. The latter is made in each insert in the form of a slit located at the level of the canvas (for clarity, shown with a protrusion above the canvas ) grate. One of the walls of the slit is made oval with overhanging the other, forming a nozzle and a visor. The inserts are perpendicular to the grate.

The already existing nozzle part 14, located along the contour of the combustion chamber 2, is made in the form of horizontal slots at the level of the web and parallel to the web (grates) of the grate 3.

The insert 12 and the nozzle part 14 are connected to a hot blast air supply device 4 (for fuel combustion) through an adjusting member 5.

The device operates as follows. The fuel in the mine 1, under the influence of its weight, enters the grate 3. The device is kindled by a burner (not shown). Air enters the combustion chamber 2 through the supply device 4 - the fuel burns. This forms a uniformly burning layer of fuel adjacent to the grate 3. Since the design of the shaft 1 provides free lowering of fuel on the grate 3, the combustion process is stable. The design of the feed device 4 allows a known manner to control the combustion process. Combustion products, suspended fuel particles and volatiles enter the afterburning chamber 6, where they are afterburned on the gratings 7 and 8. The afterburning process is also controlled by the air supply to the afterburning chamber 6 regulated in a known manner through afterburning grids 7 and 8. Ash and slag are accumulated in the ash chamber 11, from where they are removed.

Claims (4)

1. A device for burning solid fuels, mainly wood waste and peat, containing a shaft for supplying fuel, a combustion chamber, a grate, a hot air supply device for burning fuel with a nozzle along the circuit of the combustion chamber and an afterburner with an afterburner characterized in that the grate is made horizontal of detachable sections, each of which is equipped with a hollow insert having a nozzle part, while the nozzle parts of the inserts and along the contour of the chamber Combustions are made in the form of slots located at the level of the grate blade web parallel to it and connected to the collector of a sharp blast air supply device with the possibility of adjusting the living section of the supply zone. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert is installed perpendicular to the grate. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the insert is equal to the width of the grate. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of sections of the grate is at least two.