RU2267074C1 - Electromagnetic accelerator of propelled body - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric engineering-electromagnetic mass accelerators, applicable for propelling of ferromagnetic bodies.

SUBSTANCE: the device consists of coils with a cylindrical non-magnetic barrel for the propelled body located inside them in the axial line, means for separate supply of each coil, and means for switching of the supply circuits of each coil. The coils are made with magnetic circuits. Each pair of coils positioned side by side is embraced by a magnetic circuit that is common for these two coils. Besides, each of three successively positioned coils has spaced (turned relative to the barrel axis) magnetic circuits - the first magnetic circuit is turned relative to the second magnetic circuit around the barrel axis in such a manner that the influence of the magnetic leakage fields on one another would be minimized. The first of these magnetic circuits embraces the first and second and third coils, etc. A non-magnetic section is available between the magnetic circuits, they form practically independent and not coupled to each other magnetic circuits. The length of the ferromagnetic working area of the propelled body equals 3hx2L, where h - the distance between two coils, L - the coil thickness. Capacitors serve as a supply source of each coil. The parameters of the control means of the keys switching the supply circuits of each coil are selected so that after switching-on of the supply of the first coil at movement of the propelled body the current in the first coil would be switched on, and the supply of the second coil would be switched off after the supply of the third coil is switched on. The switching of the subsequent coils is effected in a similar way. As a result, the current of the secondary induction amplifies the magnetic field of the subsequent coil when the supply of the preceding coil is switched off.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of conversion of the electromagnetic energy to kinetic one.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to electromagnetic accelerators, and can be used for throwing and other movement of ferromagnetic solids.

Accelerators are known containing guiding elements for a missile body, for example, rails or a pipe, and means for accelerating them using a magnetic field created by several coils of solenoids, alternately connected to power sources.

For example, a means for transporting letters, parcels, and other light objects from one place to another [1] contains a pipe or guides, several coils, a power source connected to the first terminals of the coils, the second are free, and there is a means for connecting the free ends to the source power when moving the transported object.

The free ends of the coils are switched with the power source when the transported object moves with spring contacts located on it.

Other well-known patented solutions also include the use of several coils with various means of switching their power circuits. These include the patents taken into account [2 ... 11].

However, they all have a common drawback - large energy losses due to the useless dissipation of a significant part of the electromagnetic energy of the fields of the coils.

To increase the efficiency of the accelerator of throwing bodies, they improve the shape of the current in the coils and optimize the synchronization of switching supply circuits of the coils with the position of the moving throwing body in the barrel, increase the number of coils. In [12], an embodiment with 36 coils and a matrix for switching power circuits is given.

The closest analogue to the claimed accelerator is selected for the prototype electromagnetic launcher [13].

In the patent [13], a description is given of an electromagnetic mass accelerator containing a plurality of coils and energy sources for their pulse power supply. The sequential excitation of the coils for moving the missile is carried out by means of switching the supply circuits of the coils in accordance with the signals of the sensors about the position of the missile

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the conversion of electromagnetic energy into the kinetic energy of the propelled body.

The main technical objective of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of conversion of electromagnetic energy into kinetic by transferring part of the energy from each turn-off coil to the next turn-on coil in synchronization with the movement of the propelled body.

This technical problem is solved as follows.

The electromagnetic accelerator of the missile body contains a ferromagnetic missile body, a cylindrical non-magnetic barrel with coaxially mounted and sequentially located coils of traction solenoids and means for switching the power circuits of each coil according to the signals of the sensors of the position of the missile body.

The invention has the following new features that distinguish it from the known.

The accelerator contains several separate magnetic cores arranged so that each of them covers two adjacent coils, adjoining side elements facing the trunk to the ends of the coils.

For any three coils arranged in series in a row (j), where j is the coil number, the first magnetic circuit spans two adjacent coils (j) and (j + 1), adjoining two side elements to the extreme ends of this pair of coils, and between the coils ( j) and (j + 1) the elements of the first magnetic circuit are absent. The second magnetic circuit with two side elements covers the extreme ends of the coils (j + 1) and (j + 2), and one side element of the second magnetic circuit is located between the adjacent ends of the coils (j) and (j + 1), the extreme ends of which are covered by the first magnetic circuit . Between the adjacent ends of the coils (j + 1) and (j + 2) covered by the second magnetic circuit, there is one side element of the first magnetic circuit.

The length of the throwing body is made equal to the sum of the doubled length of the coil and the triple distance between the coils, which ensures the formation of a closed magnetic system, which is capable of performing both the function of an electromagnet and the function of a transformer, together with the corresponding magnetic circuit and the pair of coils covered by it.

The control means for switching the supply circuits of the coils according to the signals of the sensors of the position of the missile body during the formation of a closed magnetic system are configured to turn off the power of the coil (j) when the power of the coil (j + 1), and then turn off the power of the coil (j + 1) when the power of the coil (j + 2).

The current of secondary magnetic induction at the moments when the power of each coil is turned off enhances the magnetic field of the next coil with the power supply on and increases the traction first in the coil (j + 1) and then in the coil (j + 2) and subsequent coils.

Thus, simultaneously with the movement of the ferromagnetic missile body, a part of the electromagnetic energy is transferred from one coil to the next.

Figure 1, 2 shows a spatial arrangement of magnetic cores and coils.

Figure 3 shows the electrical circuit of an electromagnetic accelerator.

The following notation is used in the diagrams:

1 - trunk;

2 - throwing body;

3-6 - coils;

7, 8 - magnetic cores;

14-17 - power capacitors of coils 3-6;

18-21 - switches in the power circuits of coils 3-6;

22-25 - position sensors propelled body 2;

26 - a means of pre-processing the signals of the sensors 22-25;

27 - a means of charging capacitors 14-17 and control switches 18-21;

28-29 - conclusions for connecting to the accelerator power source.

Electromagnetic accelerator missile body (Fig.1, 2) is arranged as follows.

It contains a cylindrical non-magnetic barrel 1 with a throwable body 2.

The trunk is located inside coils of 3-6 solenoids, the axial lines of which coincide with the axial line of the barrel.

Coils 3-6 are pairwise covered by two separate magnetic cores 7 and 8. The gap between the magnetic cores separates the magnetic fluxes of both magnetic cores from each other.

The magnetic circuit 7 in figure 1 is made composite, formed of two identical U-shaped magnetic circuits.

The magnetic circuit 7 in figure 2 is made composite, formed of two identical closed O-shaped magnetic circuits.

The magnetic circuit 8 in figure 1 has a U-shape, and in figure 2 has an O-shape.

Magnetic cores 7 and 8 have, respectively, side elements 9, 10, 11 and 12, 13, capable of conducting magnetic flux in the direction of the barrel. The lateral element 10 of the magnetic circuit 7 in this case is a common element of both components of the magnetic circuit 7 in figure 1 and figure 2.

Magnetic cores cover two adjacent coils, adjoining two lateral elements facing the trunk to the extreme ends of the coils.

The magnetic core 7 covers, by its first component, two adjacent coils 3 and 4 adjacent to the extreme ends of this pair of coils 3 and 4 by two side elements 9, 10, while there are no elements of this magnetic circuit between the adjacent ends of the coils 3 and 4.

The magnetic circuit 8 with its two side elements 12 and 13 covers the extreme ends of two adjacent coils 4 and 5.

The side element 12 of the magnetic circuit 8 is placed between the adjacent ends of the coils 3 and 4.

Between the ends of the coils 4 and 5, covered by the magnetic circuit 8, is a side element 10 of the magnetic circuit 7.

Coils 5 and 6 are covered by the second component of the magnetic circuit 7, and a side element 13 of the magnetic circuit 8 is placed between these coils.

An electric electromagnetic accelerator circuit according to the invention is shown in FIG.

Throwing body 2 is placed in a cylindrical barrel (not shown) with coils 3-6, the terminals of which are connected to their sources of autonomous pulse power - capacitors 14-17 and switches 18-21.

The means for determining the spatial position of the missile body include sensors 22-25 of the position of the missile body 2, for example photosensors, the outputs of which are connected to the input of the signal processing means 26 of the sensors 22-25, and the outputs of the latter are connected to the inputs of the control device 27 of the switches 18-21.

Means 27 also carries out the charge of capacitors 14-17; its findings 28-29 are intended to be connected to a power source.

The means 27 for controlling the switching of the power circuits of coils 3-6 by the signals of position sensors 22-25 of the throwing body 2 relative to the coils 3-6 are made in such a way that when the throwing body moves at the time of formation of a temporary closed magnetic system from the throwing body 2 and one of the magnetic circuits 7 or 8 have the ability to turn off the power of the coil 3 when the power of the coil 4 is turned on, followed by turning off the power of the coil 4 when the power of the coil 5 is turned on, and with further movement of the missile body with the possibility of turning off the power I have coil 5 while the power of coil 6 is on.

Electromagnetic accelerator throwing body works as follows.

In the initial state, the throwing body 2 outside the range of sensors of the position of the throwing body of the power circuit of all coils are turned off. When starting up, the first pair of coils 3, 4 is turned on, which, together with the magnetic core 7, functions as an electromagnet retracting the throwing body 2. The throwing body 2 moves in the barrel and closes the magnetic circuit of the transformer core formed from the first segment of the magnetic circuit 7 and coils 3, 4.

When this position is reached, the tail of the missile body 2 enters the magnetic circuit 7, ceasing to block the radiation to the first sensor 22 at the first side element of this magnetic circuit. The sensor 22 is opened, as a result of which the power supply circuit of the coil 3 is turned off by the switch 18. The sensor 23 located between the coils 3 and 4 is blocked by a throwable body 2, the power supply circuit of the coil 4 remains on.

At this moment, in coil 4, in addition to the current flowing through its power circuit, a secondary magnetic induction current arises due to the opening of the power circuit of the first coil 3. Summing the currents in coil 4 leads to an increase in the magnetic field in this part of the magnetic system and an increase in traction inside coils 4.

The throwing body 2 moves further in the barrel, closes the front part of the sensor 24 located between the coils 4 and 5, and from this moment the power circuit of the coil 5 is turned on. In this case, the magnetic circuit 8 with coils 4 and 5 form another traction electromagnet, to the magnetic field of the coil 4 The magnetic field of coil 5 is added and the throwing body 2 is given additional acceleration.

With further movement, the throwing body 2 closes the magnetic circuit of the core of the transformer formed from the magnetic circuit 8 and coils 4 and 5.

Upon reaching this position, the tail of the missile body 2 enters the magnetic circuit 8, ceasing to block the radiation to the sensor 23 located between the coils 3, 4. The sensor 23 is opened, as a result of which the power circuit of the coil 4 is turned off. The sensor 24 between the coils 4, 5 is closed, the power circuit of the coil 5 remains on.

At this moment, in coil 5, in addition to the current flowing through its power circuit, a secondary magnetic induction current arises due to turning off the power circuit of coil 4. Summing the currents in coil 5 leads to an increase in the magnetic field in this part of the magnetic system and an increase in traction inside the coil 5 .

With further movement of the propelled body, the processes are repeated similarly.

The application of this technical solution allows to increase the efficiency of conversion of electromagnetic energy into kinetic.

Sources of information

1. US patent No. 259817. Electro-magneticdispatch tube. US cl .: 124/3.

2. US Patent No. 811913. Electrcic gun. US cl .: 124/3 89/8 310/14.

3. US patent No. 1241333. Gun. US cl .: 124/3 89/8 310/14.

4. US patent No. 1384769. Electrcic gun. US cl .: 124/3 89 / 1.1 89/8 139/134 310/13 310/14.

5. US patent No. 1959737. Machine gun. US cl .: 124/3 89/8 89/9 102/491 102/517 124/52 310/14 411/452.

6. US patent No. 1324204. Magnetic gun. US cl .: 124/3 310/14 310/23.

7. US Patent No. 1985254. Electrcic gun or projectile propelling apparatus. US cl .: 310/13 89/8 124/3 139/134 310/14 310/23.

8. US patent No. 2235201. Electrcic gun. US cl .: 124/3 89/8 310/14.

9. US patent No. 2870675. Acceleration ampliphaer. US cl .: 89 / 1.1 89/8 124/3 310/14.

10. US Patent No. 3273553. Electromagnetically operated gun. US cl .: 124/3 124/32 124 / 41.1 124 / 44.6 446/473 473/578.

11. US Patent No. 6361393. Magnetic impulse reaction driven toys. IPC: A 63 H 27/00.

12. US patent No. 5 763812. Compact personal rail gun. IPC: F 41 F 1/00.

13. US patent No. 5125321. Apparatus for and method of operating a cylindrical pulsed induction mass launcher. IPC: F41B 6/00.

Claims (1)

An electromagnetic accelerator of a missile body containing a ferromagnetic missile body, a cylindrical non-magnetic barrel with coils of traction solenoids coaxially mounted on it and sequentially arranged, means for controlling the switching of the power circuits of each coil according to the signals of the sensors of the position of the missile body, characterized in that it is equipped with several separate magnetic circuits, magnetic cores are arranged so that each of them covers two adjacent coils, adjacent to the side side elements facing the barrel to the ends of the coils, while for any three coils located in a row (j), where j is the number of the coil, the first magnetic circuit spans two adjacent coils (j) and (j + 1), adjoining the two ends of the pair with two side elements coils, while between the coils (j) and (j + 1) there are no elements of this magnetic circuit, the second magnetic circuit with two side elements covers the extreme ends of the coils (j + 1) and (j + 2) and one side element of the second magnetic circuit is located between adjacent ends of coils (j) and (j + 1), edge the ends of which are covered by the first magnetic circuit, and between the adjacent ends of the coils (j + 1) and (j + 2), covered by the second magnetic circuit, there is one side element of the first magnetic circuit, the length of the missile body is equal to the sum of twice the length of the coil and the triple distance between the coils , which ensures the formation of a closed magnetic system, which is able to fulfill both the function of the electromagnet and the function of t, when moving the propelled body together with the corresponding magnetic circuit and the pair of coils covered by it transformer, control means for switching the supply circuits of the coils according to the signals of the sensors of the position of the missile body during the formation of a closed magnetic system are configured to turn off the power of the coil (j) when the power of the coil (j + 1), followed by turning off the power of the coil (j + 1) when powering the coil (j + 2), to enhance the current of the secondary magnetic induction of the magnetic field of the coil with the power circuit on and increase traction first in the coil (j + 1), and then in the coil (j + 2) and subsequent coils, and when changing enii ferromagnetic propelled body part receiving the transfer of electromagnetic energy from one coil to the next.

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