RU2264914C1 - Method and a device of reprocessing of cylindrical form plastic products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: household wastes reprocessing.

SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a method and a device of reprocessing of household wastes, mainly - plastic bottles. The method of reprocessing of cylindrical form plastic products, predominantly, plastic bottles, provides, that first they cut off a non-cylindrical part of the product, then the cylindrical part of the product is cut along a screw line as a band. The band or a pack of the bands is twisted, subjected to a heating up to a thermal reflow, drawn and pressed out between the rollers. The device for reprocessing of the cylindrical form plastic waste products, predominantly plastic bottles contains a feeding mechanism and a unit of cutting of the products -installed on the frame and it is equipped with a tool for working of the cut in the form of the band-type parts of the reprocessed products, which contains a shuttle mechanism with an electrical drive, a fan and a device for the band drawing and compaction containing an electrical drive, the rollers with an incision and the rollers pressing tool. The feeding mechanism is made in the form of a screw gear, the screw of which is connected to a device gripping the plastic cylindrical form products, and an electrical drive installed on the guides, and a guide support. The products cutting unit contains the thermal device made in the form of nichrome wire mounted on a spring-loaded lever, and a mechanical cutting device - containing a dead knife and a rotor knife with the electromotor - all installed on a deck, which is balance fixed on the frame. The invention ensures production of an end-product, in particular, a band twisted and thermally reflown into a bar or a harness made out of the twisted and thermally reflown packs of bands, to reduce power input of the production process.

EFFECT: the invention ensures production of the end-products in the form of bars or harnesses made out of the twisted and thermally reflown packs of bands and reduction of power input for the production process.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of domestic waste processing, namely to the processing of plastic products of a cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles.

Known methods of processing plastic household waste, consisting in their disposal by burial and incineration [1]. These are very expensive methods that require the allocation of space, the construction of special facilities, and are environmentally harmful. A known method based on the melting of used plastic waste, extrusion, tabletting or granulation for their secondary use in the manufacture of plastic products [2, 3]. This method has a high energy intensity, requires significant economic costs for technological equipment, and re-melting leads to a change in structure and deterioration of the properties of the material.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of processing plastic waste, according to which the waste is first crushed (cut into parts) and then used in the technological process of manufacturing new products [4].

The process of crushing waste into small particles is energy-intensive, and the method itself until the final product is multi-stage, including the technological operations of separation, washing, drying, heating, melting and injection molding. All these technological operations increase energy costs and the cost of processing plastic waste.

Known devices for grinding waste, for example [5, 6], whose work is based on grinding (separation) of waste by mechanical means (cutting, crushing) into small particles or powder. Known devices have the disadvantage of high energy costs for waste separation.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for grinding waste [7], which contains a feed mechanism and a waste cutting unit mounted on the frame. The disadvantage of this device is also the high energy intensity of the grinding process, since the processed product is crushed into small particles, and the particles themselves can only be used as additives to raw materials when implementing known methods for manufacturing plastic products.

The objective of the present invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the method by obtaining the final product, in particular a tape, rod or bundle, with low energy costs and low cost.

The problem is solved in that in the method for processing plastic products of a cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles, including grinding products by cutting, according to the invention, the non-cylindrical part of the product is first separated, then the cylindrical part of the product is cut into a tape along a helical line, the tape or a packet of tapes is twisted, heated until melting, stretch and squeeze between the rolls.

The introduction, instead of grinding the product, of the operation of cutting the product into tape, followed by twisting, heating to reflow, pulling and squeezing the tape, allows you to get a new final product - tape twisted and melted into a bar. By twisting, heating to reflow, broaching and squeezing a package of tapes, a new final product is obtained - a tow. By heating to reflow, pulling and squeezing the tape without twisting it, you can get a new end product - a tape with melted edges. All types of a new final product (a tape twisted and melted into a bar, a tape with melted edges, a bundle) can be directly used as structural elements in the manufacture of household (mainly) and industrial products for various purposes.

Reducing the energy intensity of processing plastic products in the present method is achieved by a significant reduction in cutting length compared with the total cutting length along the perimeters of the crushed particles and low energy costs for additional operations of twisting, heating to reflow, drawing and crimping the tape to obtain the final product.

The choice of temperature during broaching and compression achieves a change in stiffness along the axes of the cross section of the final product, roughness and coefficient of friction of the surfaces of the final product.

By twisting, heating to reflow, broaching and squeezing a package of tapes, an increase in the load-bearing capacity of the final product, a tow, is achieved.

The problem is also solved by a new device for processing plastic products of a cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles. To this end, the known device comprising a feeding mechanism and an article cutting unit mounted on a frame is provided with a device for processing parts of the processed products cut in the form of a tape, including a shuttle mechanism with an electric drive, a hair dryer and a device for drawing and crimping a tape containing an electric drive, grooves with a notch and a clamp the device of the rolls, while the feed mechanism is made in the form of a helical gear, the screw of which is connected to a gripping device of plastic products of a cylindrical shape and an electric drive, updated on the guides and the guide support, and the product cutting unit includes a thermal cutting device in the form of a nichrome wire mounted on a spring-loaded lever, and a mechanical cutting device containing a fixed knife and a rotary knife with an electric motor mounted on a platform that is balancedly mounted on the frame.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing (figure 1, 2), which gives a diagram of the relationship of the nodes of the device.

The proposed device that implements a method for processing plastic products of a cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles, contains a frame 1, a feeding mechanism 2, a cutting unit 3, and a processing device for cutting parts of the processed products 4 in the form of a ribbon, including a shuttle mechanism 5, a hairdryer 6, a broaching and crimping device 7.

The feeding mechanism 2 includes a screw 8 installed in the supports 9, one of which is a nut forming a screw gear with a screw 8, a gripping device 10 of cylindrical plastic products, an electric drive 11 mounted on the guides 12, and a guide support 13 made in the form of a shell covering the processed product. The supports 9, the guides 12 and the guide support 13 are mounted on the frame 1.

The cutting unit 3 includes thermal and mechanical cutting devices. The thermal cutting device is made in the form of a nichrome wire 14, mounted electrically insulated on the lever 15, mounted rotationally on the frame 1 and spring-loaded by means of a return spring. The mechanical cutting device comprises a fixed knife 16 and a rotary knife 17 mounted on the shaft of the electric motor 18. The fixed knife 16 and the electric motor 18 with the rotary knife 17 are fixed on the platform 19, which is mounted in a balanced manner in the supports on the frame 1.

The shuttle mechanism 5 includes a bracket 20, a bobbin 21 and an electric drive 22, the bracket 20 having a shaft 23 connected to the electric drive 22, an axis 24 with a rectangular hole and an axis 25 for installing the bobbin 21. The bracket 20 is installed in the supports 26 by means of the shaft 22 and the axis 24 on frame 1.

Hair dryer 6 is mounted on a guide 27 mounted on the frame 1.

The broaching and crimping device 7 comprises an electric drive (not shown in the drawing), a drive 28 and a pressure roller 29 with a notch installed in the bearings 30 and 31, and a pressure device of the rolls, including guides 32 of the bearings 31 and adjusting screws 33.

A device for implementing the method of processing plastic products of cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles, works as follows.

A recyclable plastic product of cylindrical shape is secured to the gripper 10. When you turn on the electric drive 11 rotates and translates the screw 8 and the gripping device 10 with the product, as a result of which the product enters the cutting zone. When the non-cylindrical part of the processed product completely appears from the guide support 13, the electric drive 11 is turned off and the non-cylindrical part of the processed product (for example, the bottom of the plastic bottle) is separated by turning the lever 15 of the thermal cutting device with the heated nichrome wire 14. Then include an electric drive 11 and an electric motor 18. The processed product is moved to the working area of the mechanical cutting device. Since the processed product performs a rotational-translational motion, when the product passes through the cutting zone (fixed knife 16 and rotary knife 17), the product is continuously cut along a helix into a tape. The process of processing the product into a tape is carried out until the end of the cylindrical part of the product. The electric drive 11 and the electric motor 18 are turned off, the tape is separated by a hand cutting tool from the remaining unused part of the product (for example, from the neck of the bottle). Turn on the reverse of the electric drive 11 to set the device to its original position, release the unused part of the processed product from the gripping device 10. Unused parts of the processed product (for example, for a plastic bottle - the bottom and neck), it is advisable to use for processing by known methods. A useful product processing product - the tape is wound on a replaceable reel 21 of the shuttle mechanism 5.

Many recyclable plastic products have a shape deviating from a cylindrical shape. For example, plastic bottles in a cylindrical part to give it aesthetics have conical, torus and other surface shapes. For the processing of such products, a mechanical cutting device is fixed on the platform 19 mounted on the frame 1 in balance, that is, with freedom of rotation. The fixed knife 16 and the rotary knife 17, holding the tape in the cutting zone and having freedom of rotation relative to the frame 1, track the shape of the surfaces of rotation that differ from the cylindrical without interrupting the cutting process. Studies on an experimental device have established that the cutting process is more stable when giving the platform 19 with a mechanical cutting device unbalance away from the cutting knives. To regulate the unbalance of the platform 19 in the device provides an adjusting weight.

Next, the bobbin 21, filled with tape, is installed on the axis 25 of the bracket 20 of the shuttle mechanism 5, the end of the tape is tucked into the rectangular hole of the axis 24 and between the rollers 28 and 29. The drive 22 of the shuttle mechanism 5 is turned on, during rotation of which the tape is twisted in the section between the output section axis 24 and rolls 28 and 29, after which the electric drive 22 is turned off. The hair dryer 6 is turned on and the tape is heated in the area of the rolls 28 and 29. When visual signs of fusion of the tape appear, the hair dryer 6 is moved along the guide 27 to ensure uniform melting of the tape, and then the hair dryer 6 is set in a certain fixed position. Next, include an electric drive 22 of the shuttle device 5, an electric drive of the broaching and crimping device 7, after which there is a continuous process of twisting, reflowing, broaching and crimping the tape.

The fixed position of the hairdryer 6 is set depending on the material of the processed product and the requirements of the required properties of the final product. If you want to notch the final product, that is, obtain special requirements for the roughness and coefficient of friction of the surfaces or perform compression of the final product, that is, obtain anisotropic stiffness properties, then ensure the temperature regime of the tape in the area of the rolls 28 and 29, allowing plastic deformation . If it is not necessary to crimp the tape, that is, the end product is given isotropic stiffness properties, the dryer 6 is displaced from the rolls 28 and 29 to a greater distance, ensuring a decrease in the temperature of the tape in the roll area.

After completing the full cycle of the device according to the proposed method for processing plastic products of a cylindrical shape, the final product is obtained - a tape twisted and melted into a bar.

To obtain the final product in the form of a tow on a reel 21, a packet of tapes is wound. Work on the processing of a package of tapes in the proposed device are similar.

To obtain the final product in the form of a tape with melted edges, the electric drive 22 of the shuttle device 5 is not turned on, that is, the tape is not twisted.

Using the invention allows:

1) to expand the technological capabilities of the process of processing plastic products of a cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles, namely to obtain the final product in the form of a tape twisted and fused into a bar; tapes with melted edges; a bundle of twisted and melted tape package;

2) to obtain various properties of the final product: isotropic or anisotropic stiffness properties; surface roughness and coefficient of friction; bearing capacity of the tow;

3) reduce the energy intensity of the process of processing plastic products by reducing energy costs for cutting the product into tape and low energy costs for processing the tape to obtain the final product;

4) to obtain a low cost of the final product, since the initial raw material is household waste, for example, plastic bottles, low energy intensity and the cost of equipment;

5) to improve the environmental situation in the region due to the possibility of processing used plastic products, which are waste and requiring their disposal, into a useful final product;

6) use the final product of the processing of plastic products as structural elements in the manufacture of household (mainly) and industrial products for various purposes;

7) improve the social situation in the region due to the possibility of creating additional jobs.

Industrial applicability.

The proposed method for processing plastic products of a cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles, is industrially implemented, which is justified by the following.

The raw materials are used plastic products, mainly plastic bottles, which are in large quantities in household waste. Raw material costs are the costs of collecting used bottles, which are negligible.

The possibility of industrial manufacturing of a device for implementing the method is obvious: the device’s design is simple, the device contains complete equipment manufactured by the industry (electric motors, electric drives, industrial hair dryers), low labor costs for manufacturing the device.

The technology for processing plastic bottles is tested on an experimental device. The expected performance of the device is the processing of 30-40 bottles per hour. The length of the rod obtained from one plastic bottle is 3-3.5 m.

The main direction for industrial use is the creation of production sites in the utilities of settlements, in societies of persons with disabilities, in small enterprises.

The final product (a tape twisted and melted into a bar; a tape with melted edges; a tourniquet) obtained by implementing the method can be used for the manufacture of products for various purposes: brooms and brooms, cleaning brushes, nets of various designs and purposes, mats for cleaning shoes from adhering dirt, ropes and other products. At the same time, it becomes possible to create new additional industries.

Social significance: job creation for the most vulnerable categories of the population - disabled people, pensioners, people without qualifications; the possibility of creating production in settlements with increased unemployment; the opportunity to use children’s labor when collecting used plastic products.

Ecological significance: the amount of waste polluting the environment is reduced. At the same time, the costs of utilities for environmental activities related to the disposal of household waste are reduced.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

1. Disposal of used packaging. Container and packaging. Containers: EI / VINITI, 1997, No. 9 - p. 7 ÷ 13.

2. Co-extruded packaging. Container and packaging. Containers: EI / VINITI, 1993, No. 2 - p. 11 ÷ 12.

3. Used packaging and environment. Container and packaging. Containers: EI / VINITI, 1992, No. 22 - p. 14-16.

4. A method of manufacturing products from plastic waste. RU 2200659 С2, IPC 7 В 29В 17/00 // В 29 К 101: 00.

5. A device for producing powder from a polymer material. RU 2198788 С2, IPC 7 В 29 В 17/00, 13/10 // В 29 К 105: 22, В 29 L 30:00.

6. Device for grinding waste fiber materials. RU 2217307 C1, IPC 7 V 29 V 17/00, 26 D 1/12.

7. A device for grinding waste. RU 2214331 C1, IPC 7 V 29 V 17/00, V 02 C 7/04 // V 29 K 101: 00.

Claims (2)

1. The method of processing plastic products of a cylindrical shape, mainly plastic bottles, by grinding by cutting, characterized in that the non-cylindrical part of the product is first separated, then the cylindrical part of the product is cut into a tape along a helical line, the tape or tape package is twisted, heated to reflow, stretched and squeezed between the rolls. 2. A device for processing cylindrical plastic products, mainly plastic bottles, containing a feed mechanism and a product cutting unit mounted on a frame, characterized in that it is equipped with a processing device for cut parts of processed products in the form of a tape, including an electric shuttle mechanism, a hairdryer and a device the broach and crimp the tape containing the electric drive, the grooved rolls and the roller clamping device, while the feeding mechanism is made in the form of a helical gear, the screw of which is inen with a cylindrical-shaped plastic gripper and an electric drive mounted on guides and a guide support, and the product cutting unit includes a thermal cutting device in the form of a nichrome wire mounted on a spring-loaded lever, and a mechanical cutting device containing a fixed knife and a rotary knife with an electric motor mounted on a platform, balanced on a frame.

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