RU2253510C1 - Method of producing vegetable sorbent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical or physical processes.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises washing cucurbitaceous oil cake with water, drying the cake at a temperature

until its mass reaches a constant, disintegrating and scattering the product, and extracting 0.2-2-mm fraction.

EFFECT: prolonged service life of the sorbent.

3 ex

Description

The invention relates to a technology for producing sorbents, specifically to methods for producing sorbents that can be used to purify aqueous solutions of heavy metals and organic contaminants.

Sorption purification is one of the effective ways to remove contaminants from aqueous solutions. The described methods for producing plant-based sorbents, for example, based on sawdust, by treating them with a chemical agent - 1 (-2-hydroxyethyl) -4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole [1] in an acetone solution at a ratio of 1: 0.01 and incubated for 12 hours.

When tested, their sorption capacity in static conditions for metals is 0.7-1.4 mg / g.

The disadvantages of the method is the relative complexity of the technology and low sorption capacity. A known method of producing a sorbent on a plant basis, in which as the source of plant materials used cake is a waste of the processing of watermelon seeds into vegetable oil [2].

Oilcake is washed with water (after crushing), dried to constant weight, crushed, sieved, 0.2-2 mm fractions are taken. The resulting sorbent contains fiber and protein-carbohydrate complex, characterized by a Kjeldahl nitrogen content of at least 0.5 wt.%; the sorbent allows you to clean aqueous solutions of heavy metals, for example, copper and zinc with a sorption capacity of 2.6-3.9 mg / g

The disadvantages of the method are the limited possibilities for the purification of aqueous solutions (relative to organic impurities) and the resource of sorbents.

The technical result is the expansion of sorption capabilities, including, on organic impurities, resource and assortment of sorbents.

This is achieved by the fact that as the source of plant materials used cake is a waste product from the processing of pumpkin seeds into vegetable oil [3, 4]. After drying, pumpkin seeds are pressed to produce edible vegetable oil. In the form of waste (by-product) cake is formed, containing mainly a protein-carbohydrate complex and fiber.

To obtain a sorbent, crushed cake from seed pumpkin processing is washed with water to unpainted wash water, dried at a temperature of 100-105 ° C to constant weight, crushed, dispersed, and a 0.2-2 mm fraction is taken. Get a yellowish powder with a bulk density of 0.4-0.6 g / cm ³ containing at least 4.5 wt.% Kjeldahl nitrogen and at least 4 wt.% Fiber. The prepared sorbent makes it possible to clean aqueous solutions of heavy metals and organic impurities, for example, copper with a sorption capacity of 3-4 mg / g and methylene blue - 0.5-0.8 mg / g.

Example 1

90 g of crushed oilcake from pumpkin seed processing is poured into 540 ml of water, stirred, held for 15-20 minutes, the water layer is drained, 100-150 ml of water are added again, mixed, settled, the water layer is drained, etc., thus, until unpainted wash water. Then the residue is dried at a temperature of 100-105 ° C to constant weight, crushed, dispersed, a 0.2-2 mm fraction is taken. Get 48 g of sorbent with a bulk density of 0.45 g / cm ³ containing nitrogen according to Kjeldahl 5.5 wt.% And fiber 5 wt.%.

Example 2

Sorption capacity test. 1 g of the sorbent and 40 ml of an aqueous solution containing 100 mg / l of copper in the form of sulfate are introduced into the flask, stirred, kept at room temperature, and the content of copper in the aqueous layer above the sorbent is checked by chemical analysis until the sorption stops. After 3 hours, the copper content in the aqueous layer is 12 mg / L. The sorption capacity is 3.5 mg / g, the degree of purification 88%.

Example 3

In the flask of example 2, 1 g of sorbent and 40 ml of an aqueous solution of methylene blue with a concentration of 15 mg / l are added, stirred, incubated for 2 hours. In the aqueous layer, the residual content of methylene blue is 0.8 mg / g; sorption capacity of 0.6 mg / g, the degree of purification of 95%.

Thus, the proposed method allows to obtain a sorbent for the purification of aqueous solutions from mineral and organic impurities, to expand the resource and range of plant-based sorbents.

Literature

1. SU 1498551, 1987.

2. RU 2212931, 2002.

3. Buriev H.Ch. Reference melon. M .: Kolos, 1984.

4. Gorlov I.F., Karengina T.V. Storage and processing of agricultural products. 2003, No. 8, p. 111.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a plant-based sorbent for cleaning water solutions from impurities, characterized in that the cake is used as a plant base for the processing of pumpkin seeds into vegetable oil, which is washed with water, dried at a temperature of 100-105 ° C, crushed, dispersed, a 0.2-2 mm fraction is taken.