RU2251450C1 - Method of production of a sorbent on the vegetable basis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods of production of sorbents.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with methods of production of sorbents, in particular, with the methods of production of the sorbents, which may be applied for purification of water solutions of heavy metals. In an offered method in the capacity of a vegetative basis they use a press cake - waste of processing of seeds of a flux into a vegetable oil, which is washed off by water, dried at the temperature of up to 100-105°C, comminuted, dispersed and separate a fraction of 0.2-2 mm. The method allows to produce a sorbent efficient for purification of water solutions from heavy metals, for example from copper and cadmium, to expand resource and a range of the sorbents on the vegetative basis.

EFFECT: the invention ensures production of sorbents efficient for purification of water solutions from heavy metals, expansion of resources and a range of sorbents produced on the vegetative basis.

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Description

The invention relates to a technology for producing sorbents, and specifically to methods for producing sorbents that can be used to purify heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Sorption purification is one of the effective ways to remove contaminants from aqueous solutions.

A method for producing a sorbent based on sawdust that is treated with a chemical agent - 1 (2-hydroxyethyl) -4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole in an acetone solution at a ratio of 1: 0.1 and incubated for 12 hours is described [1]. The sorption capacity of the sorbent in static conditions for heavy metals is 0.8-1.4 mg / g.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the technology, low sorption capacity.

A known method of producing a sorbent on a plant basis, which is used as a cake - a waste from the processing of watermelon seeds for vegetable oil [2]. Oilcake is washed with water (after crushing), dried to constant weight, sifted, 0.2-2 mm fraction is taken. The sorption capacity of the copper sorbent is up to 3.9 mg / g, for zinc up to 2.6 mg / g.

The disadvantages of the method is the limited ability to purify aqueous solutions and the resource of sorbents.

The technical result is the expansion of sorption capabilities, resource and limited assortment of sorbents.

This is achieved by the fact that as a vegetable base they use cake - a waste of the processing of flax seeds into vegetable oil [3].

Flax seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil. In the form of waste cake is formed, containing up to 33% protein, 23% fiber.

To obtain a sorbent, crushed cake is poured with water in a ratio of 1: 9-10, stirred, aged for 40-60 minutes, the aqueous layer is drained, water is added again after aging, the aqueous layer is separated, etc. to colorless wash water. Then the residue is dried at a temperature of from 60 to 100-105 ° C to constant weight, crushed, sieved, a fraction of 0.2-2 mm with a bulk density of 0.5-0.6 g / cm ³ is taken - sorbent containing at least 3 , 5 wt.% Nitrogen according to Kjeldahl and not less than 14 wt.% Fiber.

Kjeldahl nitrogen characterizes a protein-carbohydrate complex.

The prepared sorbent makes it possible to clean aqueous solutions of heavy metals, for example, copper with a sorption capacity of 3-4 mg / g, cadmium - 3-4 mg / g.

Example 1

50 g of crushed flaxseed meal is poured into 500 ml of water, stirred, aged for 60 minutes, the aqueous layer is drained, 150 ml are added again, mixed, aged, sedimented, the aqueous layer is drained, etc., to unpainted wash water.

The residue is dried first at a temperature of 60-65 ° C for 2-3 hours, then at 100-105 ° C to constant weight, crushed, sieved, a fraction of 0.2-2 mm in an amount of 40 g with a bulk density of 0.51 g / cm ³ , the nitrogen content according to Kjeldahl 4.0 wt.%, fiber 15.9 wt.%.

Example 2

Sorption capacity test. In a flask with a capacity of 100 ml, add 1 g of sorbent and 40 ml of an aqueous solution containing 100 mg / l of copper in the form of sulfate, mix, incubate at room temperature until the end of sorption (by chemical analysis of copper).

After 3.5 hours, the copper content in the aqueous layer is 6.3 mg / L. Sorption capacity of 3.6 mg / l, the degree of purification of 91%.

Example 3

In the flask of Example 1, 1 g of sorbent and 40 ml of an aqueous solution containing 134 mg / l of cadmium in the form of sulfate are added, stirred, incubated for 3.5 hours, the cadmium content in the aqueous layer is 34 mg / l, and the sorption capacity is 4.0 mg / g, the degree of purification of 75%.

Thus, the presented method allows you to clean aqueous solutions of heavy metals, such as copper and cadmium, to expand the resource and assortment of plant-based sorbents.

Sources of information

1. A. S. of the USSR No. 1498551, 1987, MKI B 01 J 20/22.

2. RF patent No. 2212931, 2002, MKI B 01 J 20/22.

3. Kulikov V.M., Ruban Yu.D. General livestock technology. - M .: Kolos. 1976, p. 488.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a plant-based sorbent for cleaning aqueous solutions of heavy metals, characterized in that oilcake is used as a plant base - a waste of the processing of flax seeds into vegetable oil, which is washed with water, dried at a temperature of 100-105 ° C, crushed, sift, select a fraction of 0.2-2 mm