RU2251248C1 - Method and machine for extracting of root mass of deep-descending rootstock weeds, preferably licorice roots and rootstocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves preliminarily plowing root layer by deep cutting of soil layer without turning and deformation thereof by means of, preferably, flat U-shaped working tool; separating soil and separating rootstocks and roots during second passage along track of previous working tool by lifting undercut layer with the help of inclined lifters and by providing periodic impacts upon lifted layer from the bottom to the top by means of teeth of rotating rotor, with following moving of licorice roots and rootstocks onto surface of tilled soil strip and of soil aggregates and ground to the initial position; providing soil strip of 1.9-2.2 m width by rotavating soil top layer to 0.03-0.06 m depth; cutting 1.1-1.3 m wide and 0.45-0.65 m deep soil layer at one edge of tilled strip; during lifting of undercut layer and deformation thereof, separating root layer into small-sized and large-sized soil aggregates and root mass; laying extracted and separated roots and rootstocks onto remaining part of tilled strip; simultaneously covering surface of undercut layer having soil aggregates moved to the initial position. Machine has frame, separator with inclined lifters, and rotor positioned behind inclined lifters and equipped with drive having teeth with framed working edges. Machine is further provided with vibrating screen mounted behind rotor, and tray for laying licorice roots and rootstocks at the side of frame. Each lifter is mounted on transverse beam of frame and is equipped with chisel positioned on its lower part. Front face of lifter is made flat, with different angles of inclination with respect to horizontal plane.

EFFECT: increased extent of extraction of licorice roots, reduced power consumption, elimination of erosion and improved conditions for enhanced shoot-forming capacity.

3 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural engineering, in particular to methods for extracting licorice roots and rhizomes as technical raw materials for the chemical, tobacco, food, canning and pharmaceutical industries and for a number of special industries, as well as to methods for increasing the productivity of natural licorice thickets and cleaning abandoned agricultural land and fields removed from crop rotation, overgrown with rhizome perennial weeds, including licorice.

A known method of extracting rhizomes of root shoot weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing of the rhizome layer and separation of the soil with the extraction of rhizomes, in which the preliminary plowing of the rhizome layer is performed by deep cutting without deformation and deformation of the formation, preferably by a plane-cutting U-shaped working body, and soil separation with the allocation of rhizomes and roots is carried out on the second pass along the rut of the previous one by lifting the trimmed layer with a U-shaped working body m and lifts with inclined periodic blows from bottom to top raised formation rotor teeth rotating with the subsequent packing licorice roots and rhizomes of the surface treated strip and soil aggregates - a starting position (RU, patent №2160524 C1, IPC ⁷ F 01 D 91/02, 31/08. A method for extracting rhizomes of root shoot weeds, mainly licorice roots and rhizomes, and a machine for its implementation (A.V. Galda, A.M.Saldaev (RU). - Application No. 99113191/13; Stated 06/25/1999; Publ. 12/20/2000, Bull. No. 35).

The described method, which we adopted as the closest analogue, provides the extraction of 15 ... 20% of the root mass on the surface of the treated strip, and the remaining roots and rhizomes of licorice are distributed in a layer of 0.45-0.65 m. An energy-intensive machine is required to harvest the roots. A layer of soil and soil is subjected to re-processing. This leads to erosion processes, the soil layer is subjected to desiccation, and licorice rhizomes lose their planting qualities.

Also known is a machine for extracting rhizomes of root shoot weeds, mainly licorice roots and rhizomes, containing a frame, a ploughshare, a separator and a rotor, in which the ploughshare is U-shaped, and the separator is U-shaped with inclined elevators and located behind the ploughshare, and a rotor equipped with a drive has fangs with a fringing on the working faces (RU, patent No. 2 160524 C1, IPC ⁷ A 01 D 91/02, 31/00. A method for extracting rhizomes of root shoot weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, and a machine for its implementation / A.V. .Galda and A.M.Saldaev (RU). - Application 99113191/13; Stated 25.06.1999; Publ 20.12.2000;. Bul №35)..

The disadvantages of the described machine include the fact that the rotor does not provide complete extraction of the roots and rhizomes of licorice. Cropped roots remain both in the soil layer and on the surface of the strip. This interferes with the remediation of the strip. Ultimately, this leads to the drying out of the soil and soil. The remaining substandard licorice rhizomes lose their planting qualities. To perform the process, a tractor of traction class 5 or 6 with a power of 300-400 kW is required. This leads in general to high energy costs and to the high cost of licorice.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the cost of licorice.

The technical result - increasing the degree of extraction of the root mass of licorice, reducing energy consumption, eliminating erosion hazard, improving the conditions of shoot formation.

The specified technical result and the obtained effect in terms of the implementation of the method is achieved by the fact that in the known method for extracting the root mass of deep rhizome weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing of the rhizome layer with a deep without rotation and deformation by undercutting of the formation, preferably by a flat-cutting U-shaped working body and separation soil with the allocation of rhizomes and roots during the second pass along the rut of the previous one by lifting the trimmed layer with inclined lifts and by iodic blows of the raised formation from bottom to top with the fangs of a rotating rotor, followed by laying the roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the treated strip, and soil aggregates in the initial position, according to the invention, the treated strip 1.9-2.2 m wide is prepared by milling the topsoil to a depth of 0 , 03-0.06 m, from one edge of the treated strip, a soil layer 1.1-1.3 m wide is cut to a depth of 0.45-0.65 m, and when the cropped layer is lifted and deformed, the root containing layer is separated into small and large ones soil aggregates and the hay mass, the extracted and separated roots and rhizomes are laid on the remaining part of the treated strip, at the same time, the surface of the cut formation with the soil aggregates returned to their original position is rolled.

The specified technical result in terms of the implementation of the technical means is achieved by the fact that in a known machine for extracting the root mass of deep rhizome weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice containing a frame, a separator with inclined elevators and a rotor equipped with a drive located behind them, having canines with a fringing on the working faces , according to the invention, it is equipped with a vibrating screen located behind the rotor and a tray for laying laterally the roots and rhizomes of licorice, while mounted on the transverse beam of the frames Each lift has a bit in the lower section, and the frontal face of the lift is flat with different angles of inclination to the horizon; a vibrating screen equipped with a drive is kinematically connected with the rotor drive gearboxes and tractor PTO.

Due to the separate execution of technological operations, the energy consumption of the process of extracting licorice roots and rhizomes is reduced, the subsequent laying of the licorice root mass on the surface of the milled soil strip ensures intensive drying and simplifies the mechanized collection process, and the complete extraction of roots and rhizomes to the day surface of the strip is achieved with a vibrating screen. Reclamation by rolling of the top soil layer eliminates erosion processes and provides conditions for the intensive development of licorice rhizomes remaining in the soil.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the cross-vertical section of the strip after mowing the aerial mass of licorice association and milling the upper soil layer together with non-marketable parts of licorice roots.

Figure 2 schematically shows the process of preliminary plowing of the rhizome layer with a deep without rotation and deformation by undercutting of the formation, preferably by a flat-cutting U-shaped working body, a transverse vertical section.

Figure 3 - section aa in figure 2, the process of lifting a root-containing formation from a ditch, deformation of the soil and soil, the allocation of rhizomes and licorice roots during the second pass along the rut of the previous, longitudinally vertical section.

Figure 4 is a view B in figure 2, the processes of cutting a formation with a width of "b" on the surface of a milled strip with a width of "B", raising the formation above the bottom of the ditch, deforming the formation and removing roots, laying rhizomes and roots on the surface of the remaining milled strip and subsequent compaction of soil horizons in the ditch.

Figure 5 - section bb in figure 3, the compaction of soil and soil in the ditch by rolling the top layer.

Figure 6 shows a device for preliminary plowing of the rhizome layer with a deep, without revolution and deformation, by undercutting of the formation by a plane-cutting U-shaped working body, plan view.

In Fig.7 is the same front view.

On Fig schematically shows a machine for extracting roots and rhizomes of licorice, plan view.

Figure 9 is the same, left view.

In Fig.10 - section GG in Fig.9, a transverse vertical section of a vibrating screen and a tray for laying the root mass of licorice on the surface of a milled strip.

In Fig.11 - cross section DD in Fig.8, longitudinally-vertical section of the working body for lifting a trimmed root-containing formation above the bottom of the ditch, side view.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

In licorice associations with a productivity of at least 10 t / ha of raw roots and rhizomes of bare licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), the aboveground mass is mowed as coarse feed (hay) or immediately crushed and distributed on the surface of the mowed strip in the form of a chopped cutting of 50-100 mm Next, to remove from the roots and rhizomes of licorice non-commodity parts and above-ground residues, the upper layer is milled to a depth of a ₁ in the range of 0.03-0.06 m. Strip 1 with a width B of 1.9-2.2 m is prepared by milling the upper layer combined KFK-2.0 soil milling cutters with L-shaped knives at operating speeds of 0.54-0.75 km / h. The method of extracting the root mass of deep rhizome weeds, mainly roots, rhizomes, involves pre-plowing layer 2 with a deep without rotation and deformation by undercutting of the formation 3, preferably a flat-cutting U-shaped working body. The separation of soil and soil from the formation 3 with the allocation of roots and rhizomes is carried out during the second pass along the previous rut by lifting the trimmed formation 3 with inclined lifts and periodic blows of the raised formation 3 above the bottom of the ditch 4 from the bottom up with the fangs of the rotating rotor, followed by laying the roots and rhizomes of 5 licorice on the surface of the treated strip 1, and soil aggregates and soil in the initial position (see figure 1-5).

Soil layer 3 is cut from one edge of the treated strip 1 to a soil width b of 1.1-1.3 m to a depth of a ₂ equal to 0.45-0.65 m. When the trimmed layer 3 is raised and deformed, the root-containing layer is intensively separated combined working bodies for small and large soil aggregates 6 and root mass (roots and rhizomes 5). The extracted and individual roots and rhizomes are laid on the part of the treated strip 1 of the width (B-b) remaining without additional processing. At the same time, the surface 7 of the undercut formation 3 with the soil aggregates 6 returned to their original position is rolled in by a VKG-1.4 water filling roller 3 or 3KKSh-6A ring-spur roller sections. As the roots and rhizomes 5 of licorice are dried, the root mass is removed mechanically from the surface of strip 1 as licorice. For three to four days the rhizomes 5 lie on the surface of strip 1, the relative humidity decreases from 44.7% to 22-26%. The selected mass is further sorted, dried and pressed into bales weighing 60-80 kg at a moisture content of 9-14%.

Due to the fact that up to 85-90% of the root mass of licorice is extracted from layer 3 of the soil from a depth of 0.65 m, laying it on strip 1, drying and mechanized collection from the surface of strip 1, a reduction in the cost of licorice is achieved to 18-19 rubles / kg at a market price of 22-24 rubles / kg with a moisture content of 14-17%.

The preliminary plowing of the rhizome layer 2 is carried out by a tillage implement (see FIGS. 6 and 7) containing a frame 8, hinge brackets 9, 10 and 11, support wheels 12 with struts 13 and a U-shaped plane-cutting working body 14. Racks 13 of the wheels 12 change the position of the frame 8 and the working body 14 relative to the surface of the strip 1, achieving its cutting at a depth of 0.45-0.65 m

A machine for extracting rhizomes of root shoot weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, contains a frame 15, a separator with inclined lifts 16 and located behind them, equipped with a drive rotor 17 (see Fig. 8 and 9).

Frame 15 is made of a welded structure. The frame 15 has hinge brackets 18, 19, 20 and the longitudinal beams 21 and 22. The U-shaped portion 23 of the frame 15 has the support wheels 24 with struts 25.

Inclined elevators 16 are mounted on the longitudinal beams 21 and 22 of the frame 15 by means of the transverse beam 26. Each elevator 16 has a bit 27 in the lower section. The frontal face 28 of the elevator 16 is made flat at least 20 mm wide with different angles of inclination to the horizontal. Bit 27 is installed at an angle α ₁ to the horizon, equal to 30-35 °. The lower part of the lift 16 has an angle of inclination α ₂ to the horizon within 18 ... 25 °. The upper part of the lift 16 is located at an angle α ₃ to the horizon, not exceeding 30 ° (see Fig. 11). This achieves the entry of formation 3 to the rotor 17.

The rotor 17 has fangs 29. Fangs 29 on the working faces have fringes that minimize damage to the cork and bast layers of the roots and rhizomes of licorice.

The machine is equipped with a vibrating screen 30 located behind the rotor 17 and a tray 31 for laying laterally extracted licorice roots and rhizomes on the side of the frame 15.

The vibrating screen 30 is connected through four hinges to the longitudinal beams 21 and 22 of the frame 15. The vibrating screen 30 equipped with a drive is kinematically connected to the gearbox 32 of the rotor drive 17 and gearboxes 33 and 34 of the PTO of an aggregated tractor of draft class 3.

The rear of the beams 21 and 22 of the frame 15 with bearings in the housings is connected to the roller 35 (see figures 4 and 5). As the roller 35 use a cylinder filled with liquid ballast.

The tractor PTO shaft with a gearbox 34 is connected by a telescopic driveshaft (see Fig. 8). Gearboxes 33 and 32 are located on the left longitudinal beam 21. Gearboxes 34, 33 and 32 are mutually connected by means of shafts 37 and 38 and chain couplings 39. The crankshaft 40 is also located on the left longitudinal bar 21 and the chain coupling 41 is connected to the gearbox 32. The crankshaft 40 connecting rods 42 and 43 is connected to the bottom 44 of the vibrating screen 30. The vibrating screen 30 is installed at an angle β to the horizontal in the transverse vertical plane (figure 10).

Tray 31 provides the descent of the roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the strip 1.

Machine for extracting the root mass of deep rhizome weeds, incl. the roots and rhizomes of licorice naked and other medicinal plants, works as follows.

The brackets 18-20 are connected by rods of the hydraulic system to the tractor of traction class 3. The tractor PTO is connected to the telescopic PTO shaft 36. At the tractor PTO speed of 9 sec ^{-1, the} rotor 17 performs 270 rpm, and the vibrating screen 30 makes oscillating vibrations with a frequency 18 s ^-1 .

The tractor with the machine in the working position moves along the surface of the strip 1, the saddle previously trimmed root-containing layer 3. Chisels 27 of the inclined elevators 16 of the separator move along the bottom of the ditch 4. The trimmed layer of 3 inclined elevators 16 rises above the bottom of the ditch and glides along the frontal edges 28 in the direction of the canines 29 of the rotating rotor 17. With the fangs of 29 rotors 17, the formation is deformed into large clods and small soil aggregates 6. Due to the blows of the fangs 29 of the rotor 17, first the soil and then the upper layer settle to the bottom of the ditch 4. Lumps, roots and licorice rhizomes 5 from the rotor 17 enter the surface of the vibrating screen 30. Due to the directed vibrations of the vibrating screen 30, licorice roots and rhizomes 5 are displaced upward and enter the tray 31. From the surface of the tray 31, licorice roots and rhizomes 5 slide onto the surface of the strip 1. Lumps and clumps the soil rolls down from the surface of the tray 31 into the ditch 4. The soil surface 7 with the soil aggregates 6 is compacted with a roller 35. After three to five days, depending on weather conditions, the root mass is mechanically removed from the surface of the strip 1. In this case, the stubble does not interfere with the selection of the licorice root mass.

The combination of the rotor 17 and the vibrating screen 30 provides the most complete extraction of the roots and rhizomes of 5 licorice with minimal energy consumption.

The compaction of soil and soil in the ditch 4 eliminates the processes of water and wind erosion and provides root formation from the remaining rhizomes of 5 licorice.

Claims (3)

1. The method of extracting the root mass of deep rhizome weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing of the rhizome layer with a deep without rotation and deformation by undercutting of the formation, preferably by flat-cutting U-shaped working body and separation of the soil with the selection of rhizomes and roots during the second pass along the rut of the previous one by lifting the cut layer by inclined lifts and periodic blows of the raised layer from the bottom up by the fangs of a rotating rotor with subsequent laying of roots and roots licorice stains on the surface of the treated strip, and soil aggregates and soil - in the initial position, characterized in that the treated strip with a width of 1.9-2.2 m is prepared by milling the topsoil to a depth of 0.03-0.06 m, from one the edges of the treated strip cut the soil layer 1.1-1.3 m wide to a depth of 0.45-0.65 m, when the cropped layer is raised and its deformation is lifted, the root-containing layer is separated into small and large soil aggregates and the root mass, the extracted and separated roots and the rhizomes are laid on the rest of the treated polo At the same time, the surface of the undercut formation with soil aggregates returned to their original position is rolled. 2. A machine for extracting the root mass of deep rhizome weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, comprising a frame, a separator with inclined elevators and a rotor arranged behind them, having a fangs with a fringing on the working faces, characterized in that it is equipped with a vibrating screen located behind the rotor and a tray for laying sideways the frame of the roots and rhizomes of licorice, while each lift mounted on the transverse beam of the frame has a bit in the lower section, and the frontal face of the lift is flat with ovelikimi angles of inclination to the horizon. 3. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the vibrating screen equipped with a drive is kinematically connected to the rotor drive gearboxes and the tractor PTO.

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