RU2249134C2 - Vehicle differential with automatic locking of drive wheels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed differential has case 1 which accommodates coaxially installed axle-shafts of drive wheels, cages 7, 8, driven bushings 3, 4 with splines for connection with drive wheel axle-shafts coaxially installed in cages. Case 1 is made in form of cylindrical bushing on inner surface of which longitudinal wedging cavities for rollers 5, 6 are made. Each roller in each cavity can move along driven bushing from one wedging position into the other. Cages 7, 8 are made in form of hollow cylinders with rectangular holes on surface whose number corresponds to number of longitudinal wedging cavities for rollers. On end face surface of cages 7, 8 at least one slot is made on end face surface of one cage and hole with rigidly fitted-in pin on end face surface of other cage. Pin of one cage gets into slot of other cage forming movable link for angular displacement of cages in relatively opposite directions.

EFFECT: improved reliability, roadability and safety of vehicle.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport machinery.

The invention improves the reliability, maneuverability and safety of vehicles in difficult conditions by automatically locking the drive wheels and axles.

The invention can be applied both in cross-axle and inter-axle differentials, and it is structurally possible to adapt it to the crankcases of driving axles and transfer boxes (crankcases of axle differentials) of existing vehicles.

A self-locking differential is known that contains a drive housing, a bevel differential gear with two semi-axial gears located on the corresponding semi-axes, a locking device, which is an auxiliary and power freewheel (see the description of the invention to the USSR copyright certificate No. 566045, IPC F 16 H 1 / 44 B 60 K 17/20, publication 10/17/1977).

A disadvantage of the known differential is the complexity of its design and lack of reliability.

A self-locking differential is known, comprising a drive housing with a washer fixed in it, bushings mounted with axial mobility with internal splines for coupling with half shafts, cam couplings on the outer surface for interaction with the housing, rollers located between the washer and bushings in separate cinematically connected separators between each other through a device for limiting their mutual rotation in the form of a key placed in the slot of the washer, the ends of which are connected with separators (see the description of the invention videtelstvu USSR №1437259, IPC 60 K 17/20, published 15.11.1988 years).

A disadvantage of the known differential is the complexity of its design and lack of reliability.

A differential of a vehicle with automatic locking of drive wheels is known, comprising a hollow drive housing, inside which are semi-axles of drive wheels, separators with rollers, the separators being made cylindrical in the form of glasses and connected by the bottom parts of the said glasses with the possibility of angular movement in mutually opposite directions, with the teeth are made on the inner surface of the drive housing and on the half shafts, and the separators control the rollers during the operation of the mechanism (see descriptions e to copyright certificate No. 1288404, SU 1763761 A1, F 16 Н 1/38, 1/32, publication of September 23, 1992).

The disadvantage of this known differential, adopted as a prototype, is the complexity of its design and lack of reliability.

The objectives of the claimed invention are:

- improving the reliability, maneuverability and safety of the vehicle;

- cost minimization with possible technical implementation.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the differential of the vehicle with automatic locking of the drive wheels, containing a hollow drive housing, inside of which are semi-axles of the drive wheels in the driven bushings and separators with rollers having the possibility of angular movement in mutually opposite directions and controlling the movement of the rollers:

- lead body - a cylindrical sleeve, on the inner surface of which there are longitudinal jamming troughs for placing the rollers;

- driven bushings coaxially mounted in the separators along a sliding fit with splines made on the inner surface for connecting to the drive axles;

- separators - hollow cylinders with rectangular holes made on the surface according to the number of longitudinal jamming troughs for placing the rollers;

- on the end surfaces of the separators, at least one groove is made on the end surface of one separator and a hole with a pin fixed to the end surface of the other separator, while the pin of one separator enters the groove of the other, forming a movable link for the angular movement of the separators in mutually opposite directions, limited by the width of the groove and the diameter of the pin;

- each roller in each cavity has the ability to move along the driven sleeve from one jamming position to another.

The invention is illustrated by drawings (one of the possible designs of the differential), where:

figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the differential;

figure 2 - Cross section of the differential (View aa);

figure 3 - Separators (side view);

figure 4 - Cross section of the separators (View BB);

5 is a diagram of the interaction of the elements of the differential (simplified);

Pos. 1 - Leading building;

pos.2 - Longitudinal jamming troughs;

Pos. 3, 4 - Driven bushings;

Pos. 5, 6 - Rollers;

pos.7, 8 - Separators;

Pos. 9 - Rectangular openings;

Pos. 10 - Groove;

Pos. 11 - Pin;

Pos.12 - Flange of the lead housing;

pos.13, 14 - Side flanges of the drive housing;

Pos. I, II - Jamming position of the roller in the longitudinal jamming cavity;

angle α - The angle between the jamming positions of the roller in the longitudinal jamming cavity;

angle β - The maximum angle of movement of the separators in mutually opposite directions.

The differential of the vehicle with automatic locking of the drive wheels contains the drive housing 1. Inside the drive housing 1, the driven bushings 3, 4 are coaxially mounted in the separators 7, 8 with rollers 5, 6.

The leading body 1 is a cylindrical sleeve with longitudinal wedging hollows 2 made on the inner surface to accommodate the rollers 5, 6.

The driven bushings 3, 4 are cylindrical, with slots made on the inner surface for connecting to the drive axles, coaxially mounted in the separators along a sliding fit.

Rollers 5, 6 are cylindrical.

The separators 7, 8 are hollow cylinders with rectangular holes 9 made on the surface (Fig. 3) according to the number of longitudinal wedging cavities 2 for placing the rollers 5, 6.

Each individual separator 7 (8) with a driven sleeve 3 (4) inside, having a sliding fit with it, and rollers 5 (6) in rectangular holes 9 is installed in the drive housing 1 so that the rollers 5 (6) are located in the cavities 2.

Each roller 5 (6) in each cavity 2 can move along the driven sleeve 3 (4) from one jamming position I (Fig. 5) to another II (Fig. 5) by an angle α (Fig. 5).

At the end surfaces of the separators 7 and 8 are made at least one groove 10 (Figs. 3, 4, 5), on one, and the hole in which the pin 11 is rigidly mounted (Figs. 3, 4, 5), on the other. The separators 7 and 8 are interconnected so that the pin 11 of one separator enters the groove 10 of the other, forming a movable link with the possibility of angular movement of the separators 7 and 8 in mutually opposite directions, limited by the width of the groove 10 and the diameter of the pin 11, by an angle β (Fig. .5).

The condition for the differential with automatic locking of the drive wheels is the maximum angle of movement in the mutually opposite directions of the separators 7 and 8 with rollers 5 and 6 (Fig. 5) (angle β of Fig. 5) should be less than the angle between the opposite jamming positions of the I-II roller ( 5) in a longitudinal wedging cavity 2 (FIG. 5) (angle α of FIG. 5).

Differential vehicle with automatic locking of the drive wheels works as follows.

Each driven bush 3 (4) with a separator 7 (8) and rollers 5 (6) in the drive housing 1 can be considered as a two-way freewheel. The transmission of torque from the lead housing 1 to the driven bushings 3, 4 is carried out by rotation of the lead housing 1 in the forward and reverse direction.

Rectilinear motion:

- with the beginning of rotation of the drive housing 1, the rollers 5, 6 will fall into the tapering part of the longitudinal jamming troughs 2 and jam the drive housing 1 with driven bushings 3, 4, which will begin to rotate at an angular speed of the drive housing 1, the torque is transmitted from the drive housing 1 to both driven bushings 3, 4 (automatic locking of the drive housing and driven bushings);

- with the beginning of rotation of the driven bushings 3, 4, the separators 7, 8 with rollers 5, 6 will begin to move in the direction of rotation of the bushes, since they have a sliding fit with them, the rollers 5, 6 will fall into the tapering part of the longitudinal wedging cavities 2 and jam the drive housing 1 with driven bushings 3, 4 (automatic locking of the drive housing and driven bushings) - “engine braking”.

In the opposite direction of rotation, the process is similar.

In rectilinear motion, the processes under consideration pass simultaneously with both driven bushings.

Curvilinear movement, movement on rough road:

- driven bushings 3, 4 will rotate at different angular velocities (rotate in mutually opposite directions). In this case, the driven bushings 3, 4 with separators 7, 8 and rollers 5, 6 can move in mutually opposite directions by an angle α (Fig. 5), the rollers 5 will jam (for example) and the driven bush 3 will be blocked with the drive housing 1 in position I (figure 5), rollers 6 and the locking of the driven sleeve 4 with the drive housing 1 in position II (figure 5). To exclude this, “... the pin 11 of one separator enters the groove 10 of the other, forming a movable link with the possibility of angular movement of the separators in mutually opposite directions, limited by the width of the groove 10 and the diameter of the pin 11 ...”, i.e. the separators 7, 8 with the rollers 5, 6 placed in them can move in mutually opposite directions by an angle β, and since the angle β is less than the angle α, the rollers 5 and 6 cannot be in the indicated positions at the same time, but can take a position, for example 5 and 6 (FIG. 5) - rollers 5 in the jammed position, driven sleeve 3 is locked to the drive housing 1, torque is transmitted from the drive housing 1 to the driven sleeve 3, rollers 6 in an intermediate position in the longitudinal wedge cavity 2, driven drive 4 rotates freely.

Example:

- from the position of rectilinear movement - both driven bushings 3,4 are interlocked with the drive housing 1, rotate at the same speeds, torque is transmitted to both bushes - when entering a curved section (driving on rough roads), the angular velocity of one of the driven bushings increases, for example of the driven sleeve 4, it carries away the separator 8 with rollers 6, which move out of the jamming position in the longitudinal jamming cavity 2 and move in the direction of rotation of the driven sleeve 4 only by an angle β, since the forces are jammed the rollers 5 between the cavity 2 and the driven sleeve 3 are larger than the sliding forces of the separator 8, the rollers 6 and the driven sleeve 4 - the driven sleeve 4 rotates freely, torque is transmitted only to the driven sleeve 3, when the angular velocities are equalized, the position is restored;

- from the “engine braking” position - when the movement is curved, the driven bush with a lower angular velocity is unlocked.

Driving in difficult road conditions (slipping, slipping of drive wheels) - both drive wheels rotate at the same angular speed, are automatically locked to the drive housing through driven bushings - torque is transmitted to both drive wheels.

The claimed invention allows you to:

- increase the reliability, maneuverability and safety of the vehicle due to the simplicity of design, ease of interaction of all its elements, the implementation of the automatic process of locking the drive wheels, transmission and distribution of torque;

- minimize costs with possible technical implementation due to the simplicity of design, the possibility of adapting the differential to the crankcase of the drive axles and transfer boxes (center differential) of existing vehicles without any modifications.

Claims (1)

The differential of the vehicle with automatic locking of the drive wheels, comprising a hollow drive housing, inside of which are semi-axles of the drive wheels and separators with rollers, having the possibility of angular movement in mutually opposite directions and controlling the movement of the rollers, characterized in that it is equipped with coaxially mounted separators in sliding landing by driven bushings with slots made on the inner surface for connecting to the drive axles, while the drive housing made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, on the inner surface of which longitudinal jamming depressions are made for placing rollers, the separators are made in the form of hollow cylinders, on the surface of which rectangular holes are made according to the number of longitudinal jamming depressions for placing rollers, and at least on the end surfaces of the separators , one groove on the end surface of one separator and a hole with a pin rigidly mounted in it on the end surface of another separator, a separator pin included in another groove, forming a movable member for angular movement separators in mutually opposite directions, the limited slot width and diameter of the pin, and each roller in each trough is movable by the driven hub from one wedging position to the other.

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