RU2246812C2 - Method for layer-by-layer combined tillage of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, minimal tillage of soil for cultivation of farm crops on farm and home plots.

SUBSTANCE: method involves deep mellowing, disking and rotavation of surface layer by combining local deep mellowing of soil to 25-32 cm depth and disking by semi-helical mellowing by means of out-of-phase spherical half-disks of intermediate mid layer disposed at 14-32 cm depth and rotavation of upper layer by means of L-shaped knives to 8-12 cm depth, said processes being effectuated in single cycle. Disking is provided by shifting of layer under process at an angle of attack in direction opposite to direction of backward motion of unit by means of one "from the right to the left" type half disk and backward motion by means of other "from the left to the right" type half disk from mid portion of full width of paired half disks. Deep mellowing is provided along longitudinal axis of symmetry of tractor in front of one pair of paired half disks, which is united with L-shaped cutter knives, and along passage tracks of tractor propeller before batteries of two pairs of paired out-of-phase half disks.

EFFECT: improved quality of soil tillage, substantially reduced draft and stabilized depth of advancement of tillage tools in longitudinal-vertical plane of movement of tillage unit.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production in the field of minimizing and combining technological operations in the pre-sowing preparation of the soil using tools with combined working bodies, as well as the processing of row-spacings in orchards, vineyards, berry fields and nurseries, on the fields of personal plots and the farm of marine areas.

There are various methods of minimal tillage (1. Kryazhkov VM, Burchepko PN - Promising trends in tillage in agriculture. Explained app. VASKHNIL, No. 307-5 / 45 /, 1986, - 10 p. 2. Laryukhina G.G. et al. Trends in the development of machines for minimal tillage / Reviewed by the State Committee for Agriculture and Agriculture of the USSR - TsNIITEI - M. - 1982, - 34 pp.) And the design of combined tillage units, such as AKP-2.5, AKP - 3.5 and others. (System of machines for complex mechanization of agricultural production for 1986-1995, part 1. Plant growing. M. - 1985. 2. Directory - Catalog. Agricultural ... Governmental machinery for intensive technologies Publ AgroNIITEIITO - M. - S.26-34).

As analogues, the Combined Tillage Tool according to the USSR AS 519154 and the USSR AS 111380633, 184020, 152978, 74667. French Patent 226788. As a prototype, the Tillage Tool No. 21297965, A 01 B 49 is adopted. / 02, which is being improved by the proposed method and in which two rows of batteries are used in the form of horizontal axes with cut-out spherical half-disks, trapezoidal bushings and L-shaped milling knives independently mounted on shafts in the spaces of spherical half-disks bent to each other. the prototype improves in terms of the implementation of layer-by-layer combined tillage by combining three technological operations in a single cycle.

The most significant drawback of most known methods for combining several technological operations with combined tillage units is the layered use of various organs in a certain sequence. This leads to large energy costs and dimensions of the unit, in particular increasing its longitudinal base, impairing maneuverability in operation.

The bulkiness and the large mass of units also contribute to the compaction of soils by tractor movers.

In contrast to the methods of layered combination of technological operations of pre-sowing tillage (with a sequence, for example, deep loosening, disking, cultivating, harrowing and leveling the soil surface), the proposed method for layer-by-layer combined processing allows combining layer-by-layer processing of the arable soil layer simultaneously in a single technological cycle - lower, middle and surface, and lower in the phase of deep loosening to a depth of 25 ... 52 cm and medium with surface resp. Naturally, at a depth of 14 ... 23 cm and 8 ... 12 cm in the subsequent phase of combining deep-loosening operations with half-helical helicoidal cutting with the displacement of the layers opposite to the direction of translational motion while milling the surface layer (i.e., not forward at an angle of attack, as is usually wide It is practiced in disc harrows and tillers when counter-resistance of the soil is taken "by itself", and backward at an angle of attack is opposite to the movement of the unit, which contributes to the transfer of counter-resistance of soil "from itself" alshoy back and substantially reducing the tractive resistance of the working body made or taken in the form of half-disk, on the one hand and the facilitating better its rotation in the soil on the other side by additional points).

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of tillage and reduce the energy intensity of the process.

To achieve this goal, two phases of technological operations of layer-by-layer tillage are carried out, when initially local deep loosening is carried out along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tractor, and after the axes of symmetry of the tractor propulsion (wheels or tracks) at a given full depth of the arable layer to 25 ... 32 cm and after the first phase of loosening and deformation of the arable layer locally along the axis of symmetry, the second phase of layer-by-layer processing is carried out, which combines the simultaneous conduct of two operations, including a half-screw g lycoid loosening by antiphase spherical notched half-discs along the way by rotating the intermediate middle and upper layers completely by shifting the soil backward at an angle of attack in the opposite direction to the progressive movement by sequential and continuous alternating processing of the first half of the full working width of the half-discs welded in antiphase and then the second half of the working width, at this simultaneously milling up to 8 ... 12 cm displaced opposite to the direction of translational movement of the top its layer by grinding and smoothing the surface of the treated background.

The drawing shows a diagram of a layer-by-layer combined tillage, top view. The scheme includes: frame 1 with support wheels 2; deep-ripper 3; two horizontal shafts 7 with trapezoidal bushings 8 on parallel rotation axes of antiphase half-disks 9 and autonomous L-shaped milling knives 10 with flanges 11; chain drive 12 with sprockets 13, 14 and 15.

In operation, during the translational movement of the tractor unit, the support wheels 2 due to spontaneous rotation (rolling by means of a chain drive 12 with sprockets 15, 14, 13 into the rotation of the shafts 7, ensuring synchronization of rotation of the blocked half-disks 9 with knives 10. In the initial phase during operation deep-rippers 3 loosen the soil at a depth of the lower layer to 25 ... 32 cm, deforming the upper layers at the same time, then after them in the second phase spherical cut half-disks 9 are loosened under a given trapezoidal bushings At an angle of attack, the middle and upper layers of the soil are simultaneously helicoidal half-screw cutting and the soil is shifted backward relative to the direction of movement, where, in turn, the top layer is immediately met by L-shaped milling knives, while loosening, grinding and leveling the soil surface, thereby completing the second phase of the process.

Thus, a method of layer-by-layer combined tillage is carried out, which has the following distinctive features:

- firstly, the locality of the use of deep rippers with their location respectively along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tractor to the axes of symmetry of the wheels of the tractor allows for stability in the longitudinal-vertical plane of movement, stable uniformity of the depth of travel, eliminating the possibility of deepening spherical notched half-discs and L-shaped milling knives; at the same time, the required number of deep-rippers along the entire width of the implement’s grip is minimized, thereby significantly reducing the overall soil resistance, reducing the metal and energy consumption of the deep tillage process, and preventing the trail of tractor passage in the initial phase of the technological process;

- secondly, unlike widely used disk harrows that carry out the process of disking the soil with displacement of its disks at an angle of attack forward with the load on itself, a half-screw helicoidal disking implements the task of displacing the soil with disks at an angle of attack back "away" when the direction of soil resistance coincides and develops with the direction of cutting and shifting it back, thereby reducing traction resistance and contributing to a more intense rotation of the half-discs.

In addition, the advantages of the method also include the wide possibilities of exploitation on pre-sowing preparation of the soil, the use of orchards, vineyards, berries and nurseries between rows, on personal and farm plots of fields for various crops.

Claims (1)

A method of layer-by-layer combined tillage, comprising deep loosening, disking and milling of the surface soil layer, characterized in that the tillage is carried out in layers in two phases, and in the first phase local deep loosening is carried out along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tractor and after the tractor movers along their axes symmetry to the depth of the arable layer up to 25 ... 32 cm, and then the second phase of processing is carried out by simultaneous disking and milling, moreover disking is carried out by a half-screw helicoidal loosening spherical notched half-discs located in antiphase at an angle of attack with the associated rotation of the intermediate middle and upper layers completely by shifting the soil backward in the opposite direction to the translational motion, sequential and continuous alternating processing of the first half of the full width of the half-discs paired in antiphases, and then its the second half, while milling is carried out to a depth of 8 ... 12 cm, shifted opposite to the direction of movement of the soil of the upper layer, tea and leveling the surface of the processed background.