RU2136626C1 - Ceramic compound - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ceramic industry, more particularly manufacture of porcelain products for domestic and sanitary purposes. SUBSTANCE: ceramic compound comprises, wt %: clay 11.0-13.0; kaolin, 28.0- 30.0; feldspar, 32.0-37.0; diopside, 5.0-25.0; alumina, 1.0-5.0; quartz sand, 3.0-15.0. Products are manufactured by slip casting in gypsum molds, plastic molding or semidry pressing and finally firing semifinished product at 1150-1200 C. EFFECT: greater strength and lower firing temperatures for ceramic products.

Description

 The invention relates to compositions of ceramic masses for the manufacture of porcelain and can be used in the manufacture of household and sanitary construction products.

 The composition of low-temperature porcelain is known [1], which includes the following components: kaolin Prosyanovsky, Chupinsky pegmatite, Chashyary clay, Pyzhov bentonite, quartz, and alumina. However, products from this mass have a low strength indicator.

Also known ceramic mass [2] for the manufacture of household porcelain, including the following components, wt.%:
Clay - 11.0 - 12.2
Kaolin - 37.5 - 40.0
Pegmatite - 26.1 - 28.0
Quartz sand - 15.3 - 18.3
Diopside - 2.5 - 4.9
Alumina - 2.0 - 2.2
The disadvantage of this mass is the high firing temperature of the products.

Closest to the alleged invention is a ceramic mass [3] for the manufacture of electrophosphor of the following composition, wt.%:
Kaolin Prosianovsky - 43.50
Clay Troshkovskaya - 5.43
Clay Veselovskaya - 5.43
Chupinsky pegmatite - 5.48
Jensky pegmatite - 11.96
Quartz sand - 26.08
Alumina - 2.17
which was additionally introduced (in excess of 100%) from 5 to 100 wt.% diopside.

 The disadvantage of this mass is the high firing temperature, low bending strength.

 The objective of the proposed invention is to reduce the firing temperature, increase bending strength.

This is achieved by the fact that the ceramic mass, including clay, kaolin, feldspar, diopside, alumina, quartz sand contains these components in the following ratio, wt.%:
Clay - 11.0 - 13.0
Kaolin - 28.0 - 30.0
Feldspar - 32.0 - 37.0
Diopside - 5.0 - 25.0
Alumina - 1.0 - 5.0
Quartz sand - 3.0 - 15.0
In the table. 1 (see table. 1-3 at the end of the description) shows the compositions of the masses for the manufacture of low-temperature porcelain.

 With an increase in clay content of over 13 wt.% And kaolin in excess of 30 wt.%, Whiteness decreases and the firing temperature rises, and when they decrease, the plasticity of the mass and the mechanical strength of the raw material decrease.

 With an increase in the content of feldspar over 37 wt.%, The tendency of the products to deformity increases, and with its content of less than 32 wt.%, The firing temperature increases.

 The introduction of alumina in excess of 5 wt.% Into the ceramic mass increases the firing temperature, and a decrease in its content below 1 wt.% Reduces the viscosity of the glass phase, narrows the interval of the sintered state and increases the deformation of the products.

 Entering more than 15 wt.% Of silica sand into the ceramic mass increases the firing temperature and reduces the mechanical strength of porcelain. A quartz content of less than 3 wt.% Reduces the viscosity of the glass phase and increases the tendency to deformation.

 The introduction of more than 25 wt.% Diopside into the ceramic mass increases the firing temperature, and when its content is less than 5 wt.%, The mechanical strength decreases.

 In the table. 2 shows the chemical composition of the components for the manufacture of low-temperature porcelain.

 Products are prepared according to the following technology.

The components are loaded for co-grinding into a ball mill together with water and grinding media (uralitic balls) in the ratio material: balls: water 1.0: 1.3: 1.0. Grinding lead to a residue on a sieve N 0063 1-0.8%. Products are made by slip casting into plaster molds, plastic molding from pre-dehydrated mass to a moisture content of 19-23% or semi-dry pressing from a press powder with a moisture content of 6-8%. Next, the products are dried, glazed and fired at a temperature of 1150-1200 ^o C.

Example. The components of the ceramic mass, including, wt.%: Clay 12, kaolin 29, feldspar 36, diopside 5, alumina 3, quartz sand 15, crushed to a size of less than 3 mm on a jaw crusher. Further grinding of the components of the ceramic mass is carried out jointly in a ball mill by wet grinding with uralite balls. The grinding time is 14 hours, the moisture content of the suspension is 40%. Grinding lead to a residue on a sieve N 0063 1-0.8%. Products are cast from the finished slip into gypsum molds, which after drying the molds are dried, dried at a temperature of 70-90 ^o C, glazed and fired - 1190 ^o C.

 The properties of the calcined products are given in table. 3.

 The introduction of diopside in the ceramic mass improves strength and allows firing at lower temperatures.

Literary sources
1. Z.S.Poryadkova, A.L. Oleinik, I.I. Moroz. Improving the quality and performance of porcelain and earthenware. - M.: Light Industry, 1975.- from 55-60.

 2. A.S. N 2004521 C1, MKI C 04 B 33/24, 1991.

 3. Yu.I. Alekseev, V.I. Vereshchagin, E.A. Karpova. The effect of diopside on porcelain molding and its properties. // Glass and ceramics. - 1990 - N 9.- p. 19-21.

 4. Phase formation and properties of electrophosphor with the introduction of diopside / Yu. I. Alekseev, V. I. Vereshchagin, E. A. Karpova and others // Glass and ceramics. - 1991.- N7- p. 19-21.

Claims (1)

Ceramic mass for the manufacture of low-temperature porcelain, including clay, kaolin, feldspar, diopside, alumina, quartz sand, characterized in that it contains these components in the following ratio, wt.%:
Clay - 11.0 - 13.0
Kaolin - 28.0 - 30.0
Feldspar - 32.0 - 37.0
Diopside - 5.0 - 25.0
Alumina - 1.0 - 5.0
Quartz sand - 3.0 - 15.0

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