RU2133564C1 - Hopper for storing finely dispersed materials and module constructed from such hoppers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, food-processing and other branches of industry, in particular, storage of bulk products such as grain. SUBSTANCE: hopper has cylindrical part and adjoining conical part, which define storage zone. Conical part is made in the form of truncated cone with smaller end oriented downward. One of generatrices is its height. Lower base of conical part is inserted in overlapped relation into upper conical part of discharge zone, which is made in the form of circular truncated cone. One of its generatrices makes its height. Height of conical part of storage zone is in common plane with generatrix having maximum inclination angle of conical part of discharge zone. Module has set of paired hoppers arranged so that generatrices making heights of circular truncated cone of conical part of discharge zone are faced to each other. EFFECT: increased efficiency by reduced axial load of material stock and continuous uniform flow of material. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, food and other industries and can be used for long-term storage of bulk substances, such as grain, its processed products and other fine materials.

 A known hopper for bulk materials containing a cylindrical body, which is a storage area, and a conical base with outlet trays (see RU 2027341 C1, CL A 01 F 12/60, 01/27/95).

 A known module for storing bulk materials formed by cylindrical containers with conical bottoms installed in one row (see RU 2053639 C1, class A 01 F 25/08, 02/10/96).

 However, such a device of the hopper and the module makes it difficult to uniformly expire the material due to its involuntary collapse at the time of expiration, which causes severe shock loads on the structure as a whole and especially in the zone of material expiration. In addition, with this arrangement of material storage zones, additional mechanical means are required to advance the material and eliminate its dependence on the walls of the container.

 A bunker is known that includes a storage zone and an adjacent expiration zone made in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base facing down (see Rowlands Engineers LTD, Dunkirk, Aylshan, Norfolk, NR 11, 6 SU, England, 1990).

 At the base of the conical part there is an unloading mechanism made in the form of a screw.

 This hopper also does not provide uniform discharge of material and creates large shock loads on the unloading mechanism.

 An object of the present invention is to simplify the design of the hopper, reduce the axial shock pressure of a column of material on the discharge mechanism and increase the degree of smooth flow of wall layers of material without additional mechanical means or devices.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the hopper for fine materials, the storage area consists of a cylinder and a conical part made in the form of a truncated cone, the height of which is one of the generators, and the conical part of the storage zone with its lower part is installed with overlapping height inside the upper conical part of the expiration zone so that its generatrix having the largest angle of inclination is in the same vertical plane with the generatrix, which is the height of the truncated cone of the conical part of the expiration zone, m the lower diameter of the conical part of the storage zone relates to the upper diameter of the conical part of the expiration zone as the height of the conical part of the expiration zone to the height of the conical part of the storage zone is
a / b = h / l = 1.25 - 1.85,
and the lower diameter of the conical part of the expiration zone refers to the cylinder diameter of the storage zone, as
c / d = 0.5 - 0.85,
where a is the lower diameter of the conical part of the storage area,
b is the upper diameter of the conical part of the expiration zone,
h is the height of the conical part of the expiration zone,
l is the height of the conical part of the storage area,
c is the lower diameter of the conical part of the expiration zone,
d is the cylinder diameter of the storage area.

 This goal is also achieved by the fact that in the module for storing finely dispersed materials it is formed by a set of hoppers installed in rows, while in the pair the hoppers are installed so that the conical parts of the expiration zone face each other with their generators, which are the heights of these cones.

 In FIG. 1 shows a module of silos for fine materials, front view; in FIG. 2 - module of a pair of hoppers, side view; in FIG. 3 - the same, top view.

 The hopper consists of a cylinder 1 storage zone, the conical part 2 of the storage zone and the conical part 3 of the expiration zone.

 The conical part 2 of the storage zone is set so that the generatrix 4, which is the height of the conical part of the storage zone, is in the same vertical plane with the generatrix 5, the conical part of the expiration zone having the largest angle of inclination. At the same time, the generatrix 6, which is the height of the conical part of the expiration zone, is in the same vertical plane as the generatrix 7, which has the largest angle of inclination of the conical part of the storage zone. The lower part of the conical part 2 of the storage zone is installed inside the upper conical part 3 of the expiration zone with overlapping "n", so that in the upper conical part 3 of the expiration zone, rarefaction zones "k" and "f" are formed.

 When creating a module from the above hopper, they are installed in pairs in a row so that the generators 6, which are the heights of the conical part of the expiration zone, are facing each other. Such installation of bunkers in the module simplifies the design, reduces the material consumption of the equipment during unloading of the module and ease of operation.

 The device operates as follows.

 During the movement of the flow of bulk material from the storage cylinder 1, it enters - falls on the inclined surface of the conical part 2 of the storage area, thereby extinguishing the axial load. Further, the material on the inclined surface of the conical part 2 of the storage zone enters the conical part 3 of the expiration zone. Upon exiting from the lower base of the conical part 2 of the storage zone in the upper part of the expiration zone in the zones "k" and "f", swirling flows are formed from the expansion of the material flow, which help to remove the hanging material in the conical part 3 of the expiration zone. Bulk material along the inclined surface of the conical part 2 of the storage is directed to the inclined surface of the conical part 3 of the expiration zone, which also reduces the axial load on the unloading mechanism and further contributes to the smooth movement of the near-wall flow of granular material in the conical part 3 of the expiration zone.

 The proposed hopper and a module of hoppers, formed by rows of hoppers, is technologically advanced to manufacture, easy to operate and provides a significant reduction in the axial load of the material column, as well as provides a continuous uniform flow of material due to the zigzag direction of flow.

Claims (2)

1. A hopper for storing finely dispersed materials, including a storage area and an adjacent expiration zone made in the form of a truncated cone, with a smaller base facing down, characterized in that the storage area consists of a cylinder and a conical part made in the form of a truncated cone, the height of which is one of the generators, and the conical part of the storage zone with its lower part is installed with a height overlap inside the upper conical part of the expiration zone so that its generatrix having the largest angle of inclination is is in the same vertical plane with the generatrix, which is the height of the truncated cone of the conical part of the expiration zone, while the lower diameter of the conical part of the storage zone relates to the upper diameter of the conical part of the expiration zone, as the height of the conical part of the expiration zone to the height of the conical part of the storage zone is
a / b = h / l = 1.25 - 1.85,
and the lower diameter of the conical part of the expiration zone refers to the cylinder diameter of the storage zone and is
c / d = 0.5 - 0.85,
where a is the lower diameter of the conical part of the storage area;
b is the upper diameter of the conical part of the expiration zone;
h is the height of the conical part of the expiration zone;
l is the height of the conical part of the storage area;
c lower diameter of the conical portion of the expiration zone;
d is the cylinder diameter of the storage area.  2. A module of silos for storing finely dispersed materials, characterized in that it is formed by a set of pairs of silos arranged in rows, while the silos are mounted in a pair so that the conical parts of the expiration zone face each other with their generators being the heights of these conical parts.

Images