RU2130553C1 - Coal-mining machinery setup - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: setup of machinery is intended for underground mining of coal. Machinery setup has several skimmers which are interconnected, conveyor system with guide members, powered support consisting of sections, and control system. Conveyor frame is elevated above floor to value of clearance which is determined by preset and projected curvature of seam. Supporting skis are provided under work-face end of conveyor frame and at its discharge end. Conveyor frame is pressed from above by front posts of support which are inclined by pairs in different sides in plane which is parallel to axis of advance. Support posts are connected with conveyor frame and with support covering by means of spherical hinges for taking longitudinal forces brought to bear on support in cutting coal and also for taking longitudinal forces from support section covering brought to bear on conveyor frame at movement of section on sloping or steep seam and from rocking of front posts at advancing of conveyor frame or support section with supporting roof by extending lip of covering. Control system of machinery setup has device for programmed control according to hypsometry and thickness of seam. Also provided is sensor for control of setup movement relative to boundary of coal-rock with prediction of seam hypsometry for one step forward in direction of advance. Aforesaid embodiment of machinery setup ensures reliable operation and full extraction of coal with taking account of changing hypsometry of seam. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and is intended for underground mining of coal deposits.

 The AK-3 coal-mining unit is known, which is a constructive and technological connection of a plow break-off-delivery body, a spatially developed head with guides of the executive body, sectional hydraulic support with overlap and base kinematically connected by means of balancers and the hydraulic system of the unit, which controls the movement of the unit in in accordance with variable hypsometry and reservoir thickness without the presence of people in the face during coal mining [1].

 Coal mining units must be compared with complexes that have at least three different types of equipment in the face — a mining machine (combine harvester or plow), a conveyor, and mechanized support, which creates significant difficulties for automating their management [2].

 A drawback of the AK-3 unit in relation to a gentle dip in the formation (A-3 unit) was the high energy consumption of coal transportation with long, more than 150 m of lavas used on shallow seams. The use of the unit on steep strata of the Kuzbass, where short faces are used, and transport is almost gravity, has revealed the need to abandon relatively complex end drives with high-power electric motors and replace them with hydraulic jacks that use energy sources common with hydraulic supports with the best fire and explosion safety.

 Known coal mining unit ASB (plow unit chainless and cableless), the executive body of which was 30 m long was tested in bench conditions in 1982 on a carbon-cement block and adopted as a prototype [3].

 The executive body of the unit consists of four plows mounted on guides attached to the base (downhole conveyor) and interconnected by means of longitudinal rods into the plow system. driven in a reciprocating motion by a hydraulic movement mechanism consisting of serially connected hydraulic cylinders located inside the set-top box, with guides for jacks, rods and plows.

 The executive body of the unit can be fed to the face both frontally portioned after the extraction of each strip of coal, and frontally continuously with the extraction of coal chips up to 200 mm.

 The disadvantages of the prototype is the impossibility of complete excavation of the reservoir in accordance with the change in the hypsometry and thickness of the reservoir along the length of the face without the presence of people in the lava; the use of one-sided plows that do not allow reducing the number of incisors working simultaneously on the plow and requiring increased efforts to press the plow against the soil to perceive the overturning moment acting on the aggregate stand, the irrational arrangement of its supports along the width of the worked out space, the need for this to significantly increase the stand weight; the open space above the inside of the prefix of the stav, which does not allow the recessing of the guides located there when changing the formation hypsometry, the use of sliding bearings on the main force factors and the lack of a technical solution for linking the unit lining to the executive body from the point of view of their joint "aggregate" work as when excavating coal, and while maintaining the roof.

 Known mechanized support M138 complex KM38 (KM138A) and a number of panel supports, presented as a classification in the form of 12 structural schemes of their sections (4). As a prospect, it is planned to use 1-2 rack-mount modules with a step of each 1 m and assembly of 2 or 3 modules.

 All of these supports have ceilings, bases, kinematic-force connections between them, racks, jacks of movement located on the soil and connecting the bases of the supports with a conveyor (base) either directly or through rods that also lie on the soil.

 The disadvantage of the lining is the fact that with a large width in the direction from the bottom to the blockage, heavy weight, a large number of racks and jacks, it does not participate in keeping the stav and conveyor from tipping towards the bottom and from sliding the stav over the fall of the formation, and becoming in turn, for all its strength, it does not participate in holding the lining in the direction of the formation fall and the lateral stability of the lining section.

 In order to eliminate these disadvantages of the prototype, the conveyor belt is raised above the soil by the amount of clearance determined by the estimated curvature of the formation and is equipped with two supporting skis, one under the downhole end of the stav and the other at the heaving end of the beam, which is rigidly (in the transverse plane) attached to the heaving to the side of the stand, and pressed from above by the front struts of the lining, tilted in pairs in different directions in a plane parallel to the axis of the walker, and connected to the stand and with the lining overlapping with the help of spherical joints, for example, "oarlocks", about ensuring the perception of longitudinal forces from stand to support when cutting coal with planes, longitudinal forces from overlapping sections to become when moving the support on an inclined or steep formation and providing “swaying” of the front struts when moving the stand to the face or when pulling out the support sections with roof support, and the control system of the unit is equipped with a program control device for hypsometry and formation power and a sensor for monitoring the movement of the unit relative to the coal-rock boundary with prediction of the formation hypsometry one step forward, for example occurrence face advance.

 To eliminate the disadvantages of the lining, the kinematic connection of the lining and the stand was made according to the scheme of FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 and differs from the M138 lining in that the front row of racks does not rest on the lining base, but on standing in the middle zone between the downhole and the blocking ski, increasing the weight of the stav, as it were, involved in creating the restoring moment of the stav for perceiving the tipping moment under forced modes hard coal cutting or power cutting with large cross-section chips. In addition, in order to reduce the number of simultaneously working cutters, the executive body consists of two plows, each of which has two rotary tool holders: one for working when the plow moves from the edge of the lava to its center, and the other for reverse movement, and one tool holder has half cutters, processing only even (or odd) cutting lines, and the second carries the second half of the cutters, but processes the odd (or even) cutting lines with a shift of them by half a chip in the direction of moving the face according to the "cellular cut and I".

 In this case, the movement mechanism of the plows is made of three telescopic cylinders, divided into two groups with a trolley between them and placed inside the box-shaped attachment of the conveyor, having a longitudinal groove along the upper wall, overlapped by a chain of horizontal plates with the possibility of longitudinal movement of one relative to the other with the total travel of the middle plate through which the power riser of the trolley is equal to L / 2.

 The plow control mechanism for hypsometry and formation thickness includes two gauge lines located along the stav and interacting with the levers of two plow followers, and the follower blocks housings are movably mounted on the plows and interact as feedback with the cam of longitudinal movement of the tool holder of the upper (roofing) group or with the lever of the rotary intersection of the tool holder of the lower (soil) group of cutters, and the hydraulics of the servo blocks is provided by a variable pressure rectifier emogo the riser trolley, conduits, rods plows attached to and situated on each plow body, wherein a pressure spring mounted rectifier valves, reducing the working pressure at the inlet of tracking units.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the unit, in FIG. 2 is a hydraulic diagram of an actuator of an assembly; FIG. 3 is a kinematic diagram of a unit of a lining of the unit, in FIG. 4 is a cross section through the lining, the executive body and the stand, in FIG. 5 - section BB in the lining section, in FIG. 6 is a section along the hydraulic cylinder of the plow movement mechanism — section BB — in FIG. 7 is a cross section of a hydraulic cylinder, section AA.

 The unit consists of the executive body 1, stav 2, lining 3 and control system 4.

 The executive body 1 includes two shuttle plow 5, interconnected by means of longitudinal rods 6, into a plow system driven by a hydraulic movement mechanism consisting of serially connected hydraulic cylinders 7 located inside the attachment 8 of the stavka 2. The hydraulic cylinders 7 are divided into two groups connected to one trolley 9 located in the middle part along the length of the lava and connected with the middle draft 6 by means of a riser 10. The riser 10 passes through a longitudinal groove 11 in the upper part when rate 9, and bears on itself one link of the gate 12, overlapping the longitudinal groove 11 from the penetration of the bayonet through it. Along the entire length of the lava above the longitudinal groove 11 there are two to three layers of a chain of gates 12. They are interconnected into a telescopic chain folding in front of the moving riser 10 and stretching behind the moving riser, completely overlapping the groove 12.

 Longitudinal rods consist of links interconnected in the form of a chain of plates 13 with vertical fingers 14 and two-flange guide rollers 15 moving along the tubular guides 16 of the prefix 9 of the stav. At the ends of the chain of plates, longitudinal rods are connected to the portals 17 of both plows 5.

 The plow portals are connected to the housing 18 moving along the guide 19 and 20 with the help of vertical rollers 21, horizontal rollers 22, re-engagement 23 and a double-rib roller 15 connected to the plow portal 17.

 To process the face, the plow has two rotary tool holders: one tri-cutter 23 for working towards the middle of the lava and one double-cutter 24 for working away from the middle of the lava. Rotary tool holders 23 and 24 are mounted on vertical axes and are driven towards the bottom by the amount of full chips or towards the conveyor with a complete removal of cutters - using jack 25, which is located at an angle to the tool holder in a horizontal plane. Rotary tool holders 23 and 24 are made each of two, located one in the “shadow” of the other: one main 26 and a second power-extending layer 27. driven by a vertical jack 28. When the latter is extended, the tool holder 27 comes up with its cutters, processing the variable in height, the upper part of the face in terms of reservoir thickness. On the upper lifting plate of the plow 29, connected with the sliding cylinder of the jack 28, there are rotary roof tool holders 30, driven by jacks 31, fed in parallel with the jacks 25, to extend the cutters when moving the plow forward and to clean the cutters when the plow moves backward. The design of the soil tool holders 32, driven by jacks 33, is similar. However, these jacks are powered separately from the follow-up control system 34, which provides regulation of the jack extension 33 depending on the change in the hypsometry of the formation soil along the length of the lava.

 The power of the vertical jacks 28 is carried out similarly from its tracking control system, which provides control of the extension of the jack 28 depending on the change in the thickness of the formation along the length of the lava.

 Unit control system. providing power supply to the executive body and lining from a common pump station 35 of the same type, operating on a non-combustible and fire- and explosion-proof water emulsion, is also intended to control the movement of the executive body in terms of hypsometry and variable formation thickness.

 To move the plow's movement mechanism alternately in one and then in the other direction there is one automatically switched central distributor 36, from which there are two hydraulic lines 37 and 38. Line 38 feeds the hydraulic cylinder 8 closest to the conveyor drift, and line 37 runs along the entire length of the lava behind prefix stav 8, where through the sleeve 39 it feeds the extreme hydraulic cylinder 7. In the area of the trolley 9, where the cylinders adjacent to it are plugged with plugs 40 and 41, in the riser 10 there are two channels communicating the jack cavities (i.e. SRI 37 and 38) with two conduits 42 and 43, fixed along the rods 6 and connected with plows at points 44 and 45.

 These points feed the jacks 25 and 31, providing the introduction of cutters for bottomhole and roof tool holders 26, 27 and 30, and feed the rectifier 46, consisting of four valves 47, providing constant pressure at points 48 and a constant drain at point 49. Pressure is supplied to the rod end of the jacks 33 and 28 and to two servo blocks 50 and 51, to which the drain is supplied. The follower unit 51 interacts with the drive line 53 with its drive lever, and interacts with the housing as a feedback cam 54 along the vertical jack 28. Similarly, the follower unit 50 with the drive lever interacts with the ruler 55, and the housing interacts with the point 56 of the soil hypsometry jack 33 .

 The tracking blocks 50 and 51 are movably located inside the box 57 and interact with the copier rulers, controlled by the program installed by the gate 59 through the rods 58.

 The lining 3 and becoming 2 are interconnected organically according to the kinematic diagram of FIG. 3 in order to maintain the stav in case of increased reactions from cutting coal in forced modes using mass and stav and lining. The same organic bond allows you to use it to increase the stability of the lining sections and its operation on inclined formations.

 The organic linking of the lining and the stand is due to the fact that the stand according to its kinematic scheme is a beam 60 in the cross section of the lava, raised above the soil and having front and rear ski 61. In addition to the weight, the beam is pressed against the soil by two posts 62, set at an angle to each other to a friend in a plane parallel to the walker. This allows you to perceive all the loads acting on the stand not only in the drawing plane, but also in the longitudinal plane of the movement and cutting of the plow, including the loads along the stand when the formation is inclined or steeply, from the point of view of stability and bearing capacity of the lining, these racks allow to keep the lining from the loads due to the fall of the formation, as well as from the point of view of preloading the roof when pulling out the lining section. The location of the front strut 62, significantly close to the bottom, can significantly reduce the width of the lining from the bottom to the blockage (about 1 m), which reduces the weight of the lining without reducing its resistance.

 The unit operates as follows.

The central distributor in FIG. 1 shows the working fluid in line 38, the lower group of hydraulic cylinders 7. 6, the hydraulic cylinders are triple telescopic of the plunger type with a through passage of fluid through all the hydraulic cylinders of the lower group to the plug 40, which exerts force on the carriage 9. When the carriage is moving, the hydraulic cylinders move apart, sliding their sliders 63 along the inner surfaces of the attachment 8, bending at their joints by the value calculated inflection α _max . In this case, the passage and sealing of the liquid is ensured by the elastic deformation of the pipeline 64 connecting the adjacent hydraulic cylinders of the largest and smallest diameters.

 When the trolley 9 moves, liquid from the upper group of hydraulic cylinders is squeezed into the tank of the pumping station along the hydraulic line 37. The force of movement of the trolley (about 100-120 tons) along the riser 10 is transmitted to the rods 6 and through them to both plows 5.

 The lower plow moves from the middle position shown in FIG. 1, up to the course L / 4, where L is the length of the lava. The chain of hydraulic cylinders, occupying in the middle position a length equal to L / 2, is extended to a size of 3/4 L, after which a reverse will be made and the trolley 9 will go down to the total L / 2 stroke. In this case, the lower group of hydraulic cylinders will fold up to the size L / 4. Thus, the length of the cylinder group with two plows should vary from L / 4 to 3xL / 4, i.e., three times. In FIG. Figure 6 shows that for this it is necessary that the hydraulic cylinder has triple telescopicity with the maximum possible diameter of the thinnest pipe. The diameter of 220 mm turned out to be a realistic diameter, which at a pressure of 32 MPa gives a theoretical force of 121.6 t or 24 t per one cutter (three cutters on one plow and 2 cutters on the other). It was experimentally obtained that with such a force per cutter, it is possible to remove coal chips with a strength of 300 kN / m up to 300 mm. When moving upwards, two incisors work on the upper plow, and when moving downwards, three incisors work on the upper plow. Accordingly, there are three and two incisors on the lower plow, and in any case, each plow takes only even or odd cutting lines along the face, and even cutting lines are processed during the reverse movement of the plow when the cutters move between previously processed cutting lines and with a half-shift towards the face feed, which ensures the removal of chips according to the scheme of "honeycomb" cutting, that is, with a minimum energy consumption of breaking and with a maximum grade of chipped coal over the cross section of the coal chip.

 Coal mining in accordance with changes in the formation hypsometry and its thickness along the bottom is carried out by plow copying of two copy lines 55 and 53, set according to the program using 59 shutters manually or remotely. Tracking units with their levers (see [5]) and rods 58 repeat this offset of the copy line, turn on the pressure (or drain) in the piston cavity of the actuating jack, which starts moving in the right direction and continues until the housing of the tracking block [ 5], interacting with the fist 54 (or, respectively, with the point 56), will not shift so much that the relative position of the lever and the body will not be restored and the tracking unit will again come to the middle position, ie locked up. Thus, the power actuator for hypsometry and formation power will always copy the specified program.

 At the same time, the control of the actual movement of the unit in accordance with the hypsometry of the formation is carried out by the well-known "Method of monitoring the position of the unit by hypsometry and in the plane of the formation", including rigid pipes 65 with flexible inserts equipped with strain gauges in two planes, and a central computer.

 The difference of the proposed method is the supply of rigid pipes with built-in barometric pressure sensors for measuring low hydrostatic pressure in the liquid filled inside the pipeline 65. The latter allows you to control the position of all sections of the stand in the bottom zone with an accuracy of 10 mm, and not in relative, but in absolute surveying coordinates and memorize these coordinates in a central computer for precise control of the position of the aggregate and formation and prediction of these absolute coordinates for the next step of excavation and coal.

 When the plow is working on coal extraction, the stavka is pressed in the soil by uprights 62 located at an angle to each other so that the overturning moment arising during the squeezing from the bottom is perceived by the moment from the product of the strength of the racks and the weight on the shoulder to the back ski of the stav, far away towards the blockage , and the reaction of the face from cutting forces along the face is perceived by mowing posts having separate hydraulic locks for the left and right posts 62.

 After the coal strip is removed, the stand is fed to the face by jacks of sections 66 located near the soil along the axis of symmetry of the section. At the same time, racks 62 move to the bottom with their lower spherical type of oarlock, swinging around the upper oarlocks with hinges 67. Thanks to this “rolling”, the extension with back-up is made with significantly lower resistances.

 After choosing the course of the lower jacks 66, the support sections are extended in three groups dispersed along the entire length of the lava, and this section is unloaded to a certain retaining pressure in the racks, the jack 66 is turned on for full pressure to reduce it and the section is pulled into the stand 2, which is held by the jacks 66 and struts 62, pressing against becoming to the soil.

 When this section is pulled out to the face, its stand 62 swings with support around the lower oarlock 67 by the method of also "rolling", which decreases the resistance when pulling the roof support with guaranteed roof back-up.

 When the unit stops for a long time, all the supports are supported, including the main single-row and bottom-end supports, - all these posts are turned on at full pressure through the pump station (32 MPa) for pressure and on the safety valves when the pump station is turned off (45 ... 50 MPa) ), turning the lining again into a two-row, which, given the significant reduction in the width of the supported roof strip in comparison with the prototype - M138 lining, restores (and even increases) the overall lining resistance to maintain the roof.

When pulling this section to the stand held by neighboring sections, as well as when frontally feeding the stand, it is essential that the stand does not bend at the joints of the sections by more than an angle α _max . for which the throughput of hydraulic cylinders 7 inside the console 8 is calculated, the diameters of the sliders 63 and the flexibility of the compensating pipeline 64.

This limitation of the angle α _{max is} provided by the widely spaced base of the stand in the form of a front earring 68 and a rear finger 69.

Sources taken into account in the examination
1. Development of technology for underground mining of coal, potassium and manganese ores, p. 172-174 fig. 68 and 67. M .: Nedra, 1985.

 2. V.N. Horin. Calculation and design of mechanized roof supports, p. 250, M .: Nedra, 1988.

 3. See paragraph 1, p. 90, 91, fig. 32.

 4. A. A. Orlov et al. Roof fastening and control in complex mechanized treatment faces, p. 234, fig. 9.2; with. 270, fig. 9.5, M .: Nedra, 1993.

 5. Hydroallocator A.S. USSR N 257962, class 47d 21/01 01/03/1968.

Claims (5)

 1. Coal mining unit, comprising an executive body in the form of several plows interconnected, becoming a carpet with guides for plows, a mechanized roof support, consisting of sections, each of which has an overlap, a base, hydraulic stands and jacks for movement, an executive body control system, a roof support and their means of transportation in the horizontal and vertical plane, characterized in that the conveyor becomes elevated above the soil by the amount of clearance determined by the given design curvature of the formation and n with two supporting skis, one under the downhole toe of the stand, and the other on the obstruction end of the beam, rigidly attached to the obstruction side of the stav, and pressed from above by the front struts of the support, tilted in pairs in different directions in a plane parallel to the axis of the walker, and connected to the stav with the lining overlapping with the help of spherical hinges, for example, oarlocks, providing the perception of the longitudinal forces of the stand on the lining when cutting coal with plows, the longitudinal forces from overlapping the section on the stand when moving the section on an inclined or steep formation and providing wiggle the front struts when moving the stand to the bottom or when pulling out the lining section with the roof supporting with a retractable visor, and the unit control system is equipped with a program control mechanism for hypsometry and formation power and an aggregate movement monitoring sensor relative to the coal-rock boundary with formation hypsometry prediction per step forward in the direction of advancement.  2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the executive body consists of two plows, each of which has two rotary tool holders - one for operation when the plow moves from the edge of the lava to its center, and the other for reverse movement, with one tool holder it has half the incisors, processing only even (or odd) cutting lines, and the second carries the second half of the incisors and processes the odd (or even) cutting lines with a shift of 1/2 step towards the movement of the face according to the scheme of cellular cutting.  3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for moving the plows is made of three telescopic cylinders, divided into two groups with a trolley between them and placed inside a box-shaped attachment conveyor having a longitudinal groove along the upper wall, overlapped by a chain of horizontal plates with the possibility of longitudinal displacements of one relative to another with the total course of displacement of the middle plate, through which the power riser of the trolley passes, equal to L / 2, where L is the length of the lava.  4. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the plow control system for hypsometry and formation power includes two gauge lines located along the stav, interacting with the levers of two plow tracking blocks, and the tracking block bodies are movably mounted on the plows and interact as a reverse connection with the cam of the longitudinal movement of the tool holder of the upper (roofing) group or with the lever of the rotary movement of the tool holder of the lower (soil) group of cutters, and the hydraulics of the tracking blocks are provided by the straight It is equipped with a variable pressure supplied through the riser of the trolley, pipelines mounted on the plow rods, and located on the body of each plow, and a spring is installed under the pressure valves of the rectifiers, which reduces the working pressure at the entrance to the servo units.  5. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanized support of the unit is equipped with inclined racks connecting the roof supports with a spherical hinges, forming a U-shaped pair lying in a plane parallel to the axis of the walker, with hydropower, ensuring the support supports longitudinal (along axes of the walker) the efforts from cutting and from the component of the weight of the stav when working on inclined formations, and the perception by the stavil of longitudinal forces on the weight of the overlap when working and moving the lining on inclined and steep layers.

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