RU2106963C1 - Method of worn tier compaction (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technology of processing of worn tiers. SUBSTANCE: method includes separation of tire beads and side walls and separation of them into parts. After separation of side wall and bead with metal cord, tire tread is radially cut and turned into spiral with decreasing outer and inner diameters, and its spiral is fixed. In particular case, this version of the method uses fixing device in form of noncut tread part of one of tires inside which one or several other tread parts of tires are placed with their preliminary turning into spiral. Another version of method includes separation of side walls and beads from several tires and tread part of some of them is radially cut. The remaining tread parts are not cut, and one or several tread parts with radial cuts are placed on outer surface of noncut tread parts. According to the third version, after removal of beads, the tire is separated into two symmetrical halves by longitudinal cut over the center of tire tread part. Then, one half with its convex part is installed into hollow of the tire other half. The process is repeated to form pack from several tires. According to the fourth version of the method, after separation of beads from side walls of tires, pack is formed from side walls which are placed so that convex part of one side wall is located in the hollow of adjacent one. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a technology for processing industrial waste, and in particular to a technology for processing worn tires.

 There is a method of processing worn tires with metal cord using mechanical grinding, in which they are transported from the place of collection to the place of processing, separation of the sides and processing at the installation with two shafts rotating towards each other, on which the cutting elements are placed. (SU, N 633601).

 The disadvantage of this method is the significant cost of transporting worn tires from the place of collection to the place of storage and from the place of storage to the place of processing due to the small compactness of the placement of tires in the cargo volumes of vehicles, as well as the low productivity of alternating mechanical grinding of tires with a low degree of volumetric compaction of the crushed body .

 A known method of processing worn tires with metal cord using the cryogenic method (SU, N 1752562). According to this method, worn tires are transported from the places of their collection to the place of storage and processing, and then processing by cooling and mechanical crushing of the tire using a matrix and punch, between which the whole tire is placed.

 The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of transportation, the significant dimensions of the equipment for grinding and its high energy intensity, due to the low degree of compaction of the crushed material in the whole tire and the low degree of compaction of the processed material during transportation of tires.

 The indicated drawbacks of these methods of transportation and processing of tires make them practically unsuitable for processing large-sized tires of mining trucks of the Belaz type due to the influence of the scale factor and a sharp decrease in the efficiency of transportation and grinding of such tires, as well as due to a significant increase in the dimensions and energy intensity of the equipment.

 A known method of processing worn tires, according to which before transporting or grinding the tires, the sides are separated and the tires are divided in a radial plane into several parts (SU, N 1614843).

 The method allows to achieve a higher degree of compaction of the processed tire material and allows to reduce due to this the cost of their transportation and grinding.

 However, the method does not allow to achieve a significant increase in the degree of volumetric compaction of the processed material and therefore does not allow for the efficient transportation and transportation of tires, especially large ones.

 Closest to the claimed is a method of processing worn tires, in which they are divided into fragments by cutting the tread portion and conducting longitudinal and transverse cutting with circular knives (RU, N 2051034).

 The method and the corresponding device for its implementation can improve the efficiency of cutting tires, to achieve a higher degree of compaction of the processed material of the tires and thereby reduce costs due to their transportation and grinding.

 However, the method does not allow to achieve a significant increase in the degree of volumetric compaction of the processed material and therefore does not allow for the efficient transportation and processing of tires, especially large ones.

 The aim of the proposed method is to reduce the cost of transportation and processing of worn tires by increasing the density of the volumetric compacting of the processed material - rubber with metal and textile cords.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of compacting tire covers (including separating the sides and sides and separating it into parts) after separating the sidewalls of the tire and the side with the metal cord, a radial section of the tread portion of the tire is made and it is twisted in a spiral with a decrease in the outer and inner diameters, and then fix its spiral shape (see figure 1).

 According to the particular case of this variant of the method, the uncut tread part of one of the tires is used as a retainer, inside which one or more other tread parts of the tires are pre-twisted in a spiral.

 According to the second variant of the method, sidewalls and sides are separated at several tires, a tread part of some of them is radially cut, the remaining tread parts are not cut and one or more tread parts of tires with a radial cut are placed on their outer surface (see FIG. 2) .

 According to the third variant of the method, after removing the tire sides, the tires are cut in the center of the tread into two symmetrical parts, then a radial cut is made and a packet is formed from these halves, placing the convex part in the adjacent cavity (see Fig. 3).

 According to the fourth variant of the method, a package is formed of tire sidewalls without side rings, which are obtained from cutting tires according to the three process variants and which are placed so that the convex part of one sidewall is placed in the adjacent cavity.

 Variants of the method are illustrated in figures 1 to 3.

 Figure 1 shows the compacting scheme by twisting the tread of the tire in a spiral.

 Figure 2 shows the compact circuit "ring to ring".

 Figure 3 shows the scheme of compacting "plate to plate."

 Specific examples of the method are given below.

 Example 1

 Tires of type VB-16-1 (165 / 80R13 82S) are compacted with the initial average overall dimensions: outer diameter - about 580 mm, inner diameter - about 320 mm, width - 160 mm. Using a tire cutting machine, the sides and partially the sidewalls of five tires are cut out with an outer diameter of the cut sidewall of 420 mm. Make one radial section of each tread part of the tire and twist them to obtain a spiral 1 with a decrease in the outer diameter to 350 mm and fix the shape of each such spiral with the help of clamps 2 made of wire (see figure 1).

The volume of V _CP compact package of five tires, compacted by the proposed method is equal to:
V _CP = (3.14 • 0.352 • 0.352 / 4) • 0.16 • 5 ≈ 0.077 m ³ .

The total volume V occupied by a package of five tires, without applying the proposed method of compaction is
V = (3.14 • 0.582 • 0.582 / 4) • 0.16 • 5 ≈ 0.21 m ³
The ratio V / V _CP characterizing the achieved degree of compaction is equal to:
V / V _kn = 0.21 / 0.077 = 2.75.

 Thus, the compacting density of the processed material in this variant of the method is higher than in the known method by 2.75 times.

 Example 2

 Five MI-16-1 type tires are compacted with dimensions as in Example 1. The sides and partially the sides of all five tires are completely cut out (the inner diameter of the cut ring containing the bead and part of the sidewall is about 320 mm, the outer diameter is 420 mm ); cutting tool make one radial incision in four tires; twist in a spiral four tires with a radial cut, with a decrease in the outer diameter to a value of about 300 mm, fix the shape of the four tires with clips, for example, of wire; inserted into the tire, which does not have a radial cut, one spiral-rolled tire, remove the latch, allow it to unfold due to its own elastic properties until it contacts the inner surface of the tire, which does not have a radial cut, with the formation of an assembly of two tires; then carry out a similar operation with the remaining three tires, which are alternately inserted into the resulting assembly.

The volume of V _CP compact package of 5 pieces of tires compacted in the second embodiment of the proposed method is equal to:
V _CP = (3.14 • 0.58 • 0.58 / 4) • 0.16 • 1 ≈ 0.042 m ³ .

The volume V of a package of 5 pieces of tires compacted in a known manner is equal to:
V = (3.14 • 0.582 • 0.582 / 4) • 0.16 • 5 ≈ 0.21 m ³ .

The ratio V / V _kp characterizing the density of compaction according to this variant of the method is equal to:
V / V _kn = 0.21 / 0.042 ≈ 5.

 Thus, the compacting density in the second embodiment of the proposed method is 5 times higher than in the known one.

 Example 3

 Five tires of the MI-16-1 type are compacted. The sides and partially the sidewalls of all five tires are mechanically cut out completely (the inner diameter of the cut ring containing the side and part of the sidewall is about 320 mm, the outer diameter is 420 mm); cutting tool make one radial incision in four tires; mechanically push the edges of one tire in place of the radial cut, increasing its inner and outer radii, and install it on the outer surface of the tire without a radial cut, with the formation of an assembly of two tires; then carry out similar operations with all other tires, which are alternately installed outside the forming assembly. A general view of the assembly of three tires assembled according to this principle is shown in FIG. 2, which shows uncut 1 and two cut 2 and 3 tires. The outer diameter of the resulting assembly of five tires is 660 mm, and the height is 200 mm.

The volume V _CP compact package of five pieces of tires according to this variant of the method is equal to:
V _cp = (3.14 • 0.66 • 0.66 / 4) • 0.20 • 1 ≈ 0.068 m ³ .

The ratio V / V _CP characterizing the density of compaction is equal to:
V / V _kn = 0.21 / 0.068 = 3.09.

 Thus, the compaction density according to the third embodiment of the proposed method is 3.09 times higher than with conventional compaction.

 Example 4

 Five tires of the MI-16-1 type are compacted. The sides and partially the sidewalls of all five tires are mechanically cut out completely (the inner diameter of the cut ring containing the side and part of the sidewall is about 320 mm, the outer diameter is 420 mm); make a longitudinal incision in the center of the treads of five tires with the formation of ten halves of tires; cutting tool make a radial incision in ten halves of tires; one half of the convex part is inserted into the cavity of the other half of the tire, mechanically pushing the edges of the latter in place of the radial section, increasing its inner and outer radii (dimensions), with the formation of an assembly of two halves of tires; then a similar operation is performed with the remaining eight halves of the tires, which are alternately installed inside the assembly formed. The outer diameter of the tire assembly is 760 mm and the height is 170 mm. A general view of an assembly of three tires made using this compacting principle is shown in FIG. 3, where 1, 2 and 3 are respectively the inner middle and outer tires.

The volume of V _CP compact package of five pieces of tires, compact on this option of the proposed method is equal to:
V _CP = (3.14 • 0.76 • 0.76 / 4) • 1.17 • 1≈ 0.077 m ³
The ratio V / V _CP characterizing the density of compaction is equal to:
V / V _kn = 0.21 / 0.077 ≈ 2.74
The density of compaction in the fourth embodiment of the proposed method is higher than with conventional compaction, 2.74 times.

 Thus, the proposed method can significantly increase the density of compaction of tires, reduce the size of the assembly of utilized tires. This will significantly reduce the cost of transportation and recycling of used tires, as well as significantly increase the productivity of their processing, for example, grinding in processes that are limited by volumetric compaction of the processed material in the working volume of technological equipment.

 Using the proposed method for compacting tires, especially large sizes, can significantly increase the density of compaction of the tire material, which is achieved by dividing the tire into compactable fragments, and then compacting them by twisting the tread portion of the tires in a spiral with a decrease in the outer and inner diameters. This can significantly reduce the cost of their transportation, as well as reduce the size of the technological equipment for grinding tires. In the implementation of these options for compacting worn tires, simple equipment is used, and the process of compacting tires consists of simple operations.

Claims (5)

 1. A method of compacting worn-out tires, including dividing the tires into individual fragments and compacting them, characterized in that after separating the sides and sides, a radial section of the tread portion of the tires is made and it is twisted in a spiral to reduce the outer and inner diameters of the spiral, and then fix the shape this spiral.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sides and sides are cut off at one tire, then one or more tires rolled in a spiral are placed inside it, with alignment when assembling the axes of symmetry.  3. A method of compacting worn tires, including dividing the tires into separate fragments and compacting them, characterized in that after separating the sides and sides, make a radial incision of several tread parts of the tires except one, and on the outer surface of the latter form a package of cut tread parts of other tires.  4. A method of compacting worn-out tires, comprising dividing the tire into separate fragments and compacting them, characterized in that after separation of the beads, the tire is divided into two symmetrical halves by a longitudinal cut in the center of the tread portion of the tire, then one half of the convex part is inserted into the cavity of the other half of the tire , repeating the process until a package of several tires is formed.  5. A method of compacting worn tires, comprising separating the tires into separate fragments and compacting them, characterized in that after separating the sides from the sidewalls, a packet is formed from the sidewalls of the tires, which are placed so that the convex part of one sidewall is placed in the adjacent cavity.

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