RU2182520C1 - Centrifugal gravitational separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining and concentration. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for separation of grainy mixtures into fractions according to specific gravity and it can be used at concentration of ores containing rare-earth and precious metals. Proposed separator has vertical separation chamber in form of coaxially installed tubes with spiral in form of rectangular-section tube arranged in ring clearance between coaxially installed tubes. Rectangular-section tube forms screw channel. Upper surface of rectangular-section spiral is perforated. Separator is provided also with flow deflectors in form of steps over entire length of separation chamber. EFFECT: improved efficiency of separation of materials. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for separating granular mixtures into fractions by density and can be used in the beneficiation of ores containing rare and precious metals.

 A device for a hydraulic concentrator is known (A.S. 2113906, class B 03 B 5/62, publ. BI 18, 1998), including an inclined separation chamber, nozzles for supplying power and outputting the concentrate and tailings.

 The disadvantage of this device is that thin particles of higher density are carried out in fractions containing light particles, which leads to a decrease in the separation efficiency.

 A device for the classification of granular materials, selected as a prototype (A.S. 1601867, class B. 03 B 5/62, publ. BI 16, 1999), containing a vertical separation chamber, nozzles for supplying a separating medium and unloading light fraction, pipe for the supply of shared material.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is the accumulation of material of intermediate density in areas with a high flow rate of water, while particles with a lower density fall into fractions containing heavy minerals.

 The objective of the proposed technical solution is the creation of a centrifugal-gravity separator that provides separation of granular materials by density.

 The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the separation of the material due to cleaning by circulating it in the zones of vortex formation together with circular vibrations.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known centrifugal-gravity separator, including a vertical separation chamber, and placed inside it along the length of the flow deforders, nozzles for supplying a separating medium and unloading light and heavy fractions, a nozzle for feeding the material to be separated, according to the invention, a vertical chamber The separation is made in the form of coaxially mounted pipes, in the annular gap between which there is a spiral in the form of a pipe of rectangular cross section, forming a helical channel, at m upper surface spirals rectangular perforated and flow deformers are stepped, the helix lead angle of the helical line 45-60 ^o. The separation chamber is equipped with vibrators that allow you to create circular vibrations in the horizontal plane.

 The presence of a helical channel reduces the ingress of heavy fine particles into the upper product by creating centrifugal forces.

 The implementation of the bottom surface of the screw channel perforated allows, when water is supplied to the cavity of the spiral, to create a suspended state of the material layer moving along the bottom of the screw channel, which helps to increase the separation efficiency.

 Step flow deformers contribute to the creation of vortex zones of various intensities, increasing the degree of separation.

 The use of circular vibrations contributes to a uniform supply of the original product into the helical channel, as well as giving the particles additional accelerations.

The optimal angle of elevation of the helix of the spiral is 45-60 ^o .

At a smaller angle (less than 45 ^o ), a layer of heavy fraction material accumulates at the bottom of the helical channel.

With a larger angle (more than 60 ^o ), the speed of movement of the material deposited on the bottom increases, which leads to a decrease in the degree of separation.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a centrifugal gravity separator; figure 2 is a cross section along aa; figure 3 is a transverse section along BB.

 The centrifugal-gravity separator consists of a vertical separation chamber 1, made in the form of coaxially mounted pipes 2, 3, in the annular gap between which there is a spiral 4, made in the form of a pipe of rectangular cross section, forming a helical channel 5 (see figure 1). The upper surface of a rectangular spiral is perforated. Along the entire length of the screw channel 5, step deformers 6 are installed.

In the middle part of the separation chamber 1 there are oval-shaped openings 7 located at an angle of 120 ^{° to} each other (see FIG. 2). In the lower part of the separation chamber 1, a pipe 8 is installed for unloading the heavy fraction. To supply the separating medium to the separation chamber 1, a nozzle 9 is tangentially installed (see Fig. 3). The light fraction is removed through pipe 2.

 The pipe 10 serves to supply excess pressure water to the cavity of the spiral.

 The upper part of the separation chamber 1 is equipped with a hopper 11, and in the lower part of the separation chamber 1 a hopper 12 for a heavy fraction is installed.

 The separation chamber 1 together with the hoppers 11, 12 is mounted on the bed 13 by means of springs 14. On the separation chamber 1, vibrators 15 are installed.

 Centrifugal gravity separator operates as follows.

 The source material containing particles of different densities is fed into the hopper 11, through the holes 7 the material enters the screw channel 5, where it encounters an upward flow of water entering through the pipe 9, and moves in a spiral 4.

 Less dense particles are carried upward by the flow, and denser particles fall downward towards the flow, fall into the lower part of the channel 5. In this case, the creation of vortex formation zones located in the places of installation of the flow deformers 6 contributes to a more efficient separation of particles.

 More dense particles due to the centrifugal force that occurs when the material moves along the helical channel 5, accumulate near the channel wall. Less dense particles are located closer to the central part of the screw channel 5. Sinking to the bottom of the screw channel 5, the particles of the heavy fraction fall into the bottom zone of the suspended state, which is created as a result of the supply of pressure water to the internal cavity of the spiral 4.

 The heavy fraction in the form of denser particles is discharged through the nozzle 8. The light fraction is carried away by the flow to the upper part of the screw channel 5.

 Particles located in the upper part of the screw channel 5 fall sequentially into the vortex formation zones created by the flow deformers 6 and are also divided into less dense and denser particles, forming a light and heavy fraction.

 The light fraction enters the pipe 2 for unloading, and the heavy fraction descends along the bottom to the bottom of the screw channel 5, falling into the separation zones at the points of installation of the flow deformers 6.

 The circular vibrations in the horizontal plane created by the vibrators 15 make it possible to organize a uniform supply of material from the hopper 11 to the screw channel 5, and also, due to the addition of the accelerations created by the vibrations and the centrifugal force acting on the particle in the screw stream, to prevent the loss of thin heavy particles.

 Using the proposed device in comparison with the prototype will reduce the combined use of vibrations and centrifugal forces the loss of heavy thin particles with a light fraction, which will improve the efficiency of separation of the material.

Claims (3)

 1. Centrifugal-gravity separator, including a vertical separation chamber and flow deformers placed inside it along the length, nozzles for supplying a separating medium and unloading light and heavy fractions, a nozzle for supplying a shared material, characterized in that the vertical separation chamber is made in the form of coaxially mounted pipes, in the annular gap between which there is a spiral in the form of a pipe of rectangular cross section, forming a helical channel, while the upper surface of the spiral of rectangular cross section perfo It is controlled, and the flow deformers are made stepwise. 2. The centrifugal-gravity separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of elevation of the helix of the helix is 45-60 ^o .  3. The centrifugal-gravity separator according to claim 2, characterized in that the separation chamber is equipped with vibrators.

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