RU2178185C2 - Radar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radiolocation. SUBSTANCE: given radar is designed for radar detection of group of objects and for measurement of their spatial parameters with use of rotating beams and circular scanning of space. Radar includes master generator, former of voltage of carrier frequency, former of synchronization voltages, former of radiation signals, former of rotating beams, unit of circular scanning of space and unit indicating and measuring parameters of received signals. Unit 1 has synthesizer of group of multiple radiation frequencies comprising family of multipliers of radiation frequency, unit matching radiation frequencies, family of converters of radiation frequencies and family of radiation antennas. Unit 2 has synthesizer of group of multiple reception frequencies made up of family of multipliers of reception frequencies, unit matching reception frequencies, group of reception antennas, family of converters of reception frequencies, family of reception filters and reception adder. Antennas are structurally manufactured in the form of two groups of antenna elements uniformly distributed with proper linear spacing over specified sections of straight line. EFFECT: increased speed of response and reliability of radar. 5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of radar and is intended for surveillance radar detection of a group of objects and measuring their spatial parameters using rotating beams and a circular view of space.

 Known pulsed radar containing a probe signal generator, a directional antenna of the phased array type for emission and reception of signals and a receiver in which a signal beam is formed in a given direction of space and the signal is extracted in the rangefinder channel, after which the direction of radiation and signal reception is reconstructed for directions are repeated operations of the formation of a directed beam and the selection of the signal in the rangefinder channel [1].

 The disadvantage of this device is the significantly low speed and low reliability, because the change in the directions of emission and reception of signals is carried out only after viewing the entire specified range, and the high technical complexity of the device due to the need to use broadband antenna systems and microwave elements to adjust the directions of radiation and receiving signals.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a radar containing a master oscillator, a carrier voltage generating unit, a synchronization voltage generating unit and a radiation signal generating unit, the control input of which is connected to the loop frequency output of the synchronizing voltage generating unit, the inputs of the carrier frequency generating unit , the node for generating synchronization voltages and the signal input of the node for generating radiation signals are combined and connected to the output of the master oscillator, the main radiation frequency converter, the signal input of which is connected to the output of the radiation signal generating unit, the main radiation antenna, the input of which is connected to the output of the main radiation frequency converter, the main reception antenna, the main reception frequency converter, the signal input of which is connected to the main receive antennas, a main receive filter, the input of which is connected to the output of the main frequency converter of reception, and a node for indicating and measuring parameters with receiving the latter is present, walking frequency reception output, the output clock frequency and the output frequency of the cyclic voltage node timing generation device outputs and are connected respectively with the frame, and the cyclic clock input node receiving the detection and measurement of signal parameters [2].

 The disadvantage of this device is the significantly low speed and low reliability, because the change in the directions of emission and reception of signals is carried out only after viewing the entire specified range, and the high technical complexity of the device due to the need to use broadband antenna systems and microwave elements to adjust the directions of radiation and receiving signals.

 The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to increase the speed and reliability of the device.

 According to the proposed technical solution, the goal is achieved by the fact that in the radar containing the master oscillator, the carrier voltage generating unit, the synchronization voltage generating unit and the radiation signal generating unit, the control input of which is connected to the cycle frequency output of the synchronizing voltage generating unit, the inputs of the voltage generating unit carrier frequency, synchronization voltage generating unit and the signal input of the radiation signal generating unit are combined and connected inen with the output of the master oscillator, the main radiation frequency converter, the signal input of which is connected to the output of the radiation signal generation unit, the main radiation antenna, the input of which is connected to the output of the main radiation frequency converter, the main reception antenna, the main reception frequency converter, the signal input of which is connected to the output of the main receive antenna, the main receive filter, the input of which is connected to the output of the main frequency converter, and the display and measurement unit meters of reception signals, the output of the stepping frequency of the reception, the output of the clock frequency and the output of the cyclic frequency of the unit for generating synchronization voltages are the device outputs and are connected respectively to the frame, cycle and clock inputs of the unit for indicating and measuring the parameters of the reception signals. A synthesizer of a group of multiple frequencies of radiation is introduced into the device, consisting of a main and a group of additional frequency multipliers of radiation, a block for matching radiation frequencies, a group of additional frequency converters of radiation and a group of additional radiation antennas that form, together with the main frequency converter and the main radiation antenna, a rotating-beam generating unit , introduced a synthesizer of the group of multiple reception frequencies, consisting of the main and the group of additional multipliers of the reception frequency, b reception frequency matching lock, group of additional receiving antennas, group of additional receiving frequency converters, group of additional receiving filters and receiving adder, which together with the main receiving frequency converter, main receiving antenna and main receiving filter, the site of the circular review of space, the first reference input of the frequency matching unit radiation is connected to the output of the initial frequency of the radiation of the node for generating synchronization voltages, the first reference input of the frequency matching unit inen with the output of the initial receiving frequency of the synchronization voltage generating unit, the second reference input of the radiation frequency matching unit and the second supporting input of the receiving frequency matching unit are connected and connected to the output of the carrier frequency generating unit, the inputs of the main and the group of additional radiation frequency multipliers are combined and connected to the output the step frequency of the radiation of the node generating the synchronization voltages and their outputs are connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the frequency matching unit radiation, the reference inputs of the main and groups of additional radiation frequency converters are connected to the corresponding outputs of the radiation frequency matching unit, the signal inputs of the group of additional radiation frequency converters are combined and connected to the output of the radiation signal generation unit and their outputs are connected to the inputs of the group of corresponding additional radiation antennas, inputs of the main and groups of additional receiving frequency multipliers are combined and connected to the output of the step frequency of the receiving node synchronization voltages and their outputs are connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the reception frequency matching unit, the reference inputs of the main and groups of additional receiving frequency converters are connected to the corresponding outputs of the receiving frequency matching unit, the signal inputs of the group of additional receiving frequency converters are respectively connected to the outputs of the group of additional receiving antennas, the inputs of the group of additional reception filters are connected to the outputs of the respective frequency converters The receiving s and their outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the receiving adder, the output of the receiving adder is connected to the signal input of the indication and measurement unit of the reception signal parameters and is the signal output of the device.

 The node for generating synchronization voltages comprises a step-frequency radiation divider, an initial radiation frequency divider, a reception step-frequency divider, an initial reception frequency divider, a cycle frequency divider and a clock frequency divider, the inputs of which are interconnected and are the input of the node and the outputs are the corresponding outputs of the node.

 The radiation signal generating unit comprises a pulse shaper whose input is the control input of the node and a modulator, whose signal input is the signal input of the node, the control input is connected to the output of the pulse shaper, and the output is the output of the node.

 The node for indicating and measuring the parameters of the reception signals contains a monitoring unit consisting of a pulse detector, a first sawtooth voltage former, a second sawtooth voltage generator and an oscilloscope, and a Doppler meter unit consisting of a pulse distributor, a group of key elements, a group of pulse envelope envelope detectors, a group of counters and a reset pulse generator, the signal inputs of the observation unit and the Doppler meter unit are interconnected and are the signal input of the node, the cyclic inputs of the monitoring unit and the block of Doppler meters are interconnected and are the cyclic input of the node, the frame input of the monitoring unit and the clock input of the block of Doppler meters are the frame and clock inputs of the node, in the monitoring unit the inputs of the pulse detector, the first sawtooth voltage shaper and the second sawtooth voltage shaper are the signal, cyclic and frame inputs of the observation unit and the outputs of these blocks are connected respectively with the input of the brightness marks, the horizontal deviation input and the vertical deviation input of the oscilloscope, in the block of Doppler meters, the clock input and reset input of the pulse distributor are the cycle and clock inputs of the block of Doppler meters, the signal inputs of the key elements are interconnected and are the signal input of the block of Doppler meters, switching the inputs of the key elements are connected to the corresponding outputs of the pulse distributor and their outputs are connected to the inputs of the corresponding x envelope detector pulse sequences, signal inputs connected to the outputs of counters corresponding envelope detectors pulse sequences, the reset inputs of the counters are combined and connected to the output of the generator reset pulses and their outputs are a group of Doppler unit outputs.

 The radiation frequency matching unit comprises a radiation coherent frequency shift unit, consisting of a primary and a group of additional coherent radiation frequency converters, and the radiation frequency carrier generating unit, consisting of a primary and a group of additional radiation frequency frequency converters, and the reception frequency matching unit contains a coherent frequency shift unit reception, consisting of the main and a group of additional coherent frequency converters of the reception, and the block forming the carrier h the reception frequency, consisting of the main and the group of additional range-frequency converters of the reception frequency, the signal inputs of the main and the group of additional coherent frequency converters of the radiation are the corresponding signal inputs of the radiation frequency matching unit, their reference inputs are interconnected and are the first reference input of the radiation frequency matching unit the inputs of the main and groups of additional range of frequency converters of the radiation frequency are connected to the outputs of the corresponding of radiation frequency converters, their reference inputs are interconnected and are the second reference input of the radiation frequency matching unit and their outputs are the corresponding outputs of the radiation frequency matching unit, the signal inputs of the main and the group of additional coherent receiving frequency converters are the corresponding signal inputs of the receiving frequency matching unit, their reference inputs are interconnected and are the first reference input of the reception frequency matching unit, signal inputs rows of the main and additional range group receiving frequency converters connected to outputs of respective inverters coherent reception frequency, and their reference inputs are interconnected and constitute the second reference input frequency matching unit receiving and their outputs are the respective outputs of the reception frequency matching block.

 The main and the group of additional radiation antennas and the main and the group of additional reception antennas are structurally made in the form of corresponding groups of antenna elements uniformly distributed with a given linear step at the corresponding given intervals of a given straight line.

In the description of the proposed device, the definitions are used:
- "rotation of the rays" - the effect of continuous rotation with a first predetermined angular velocity in a given plane of location of a given group of radiation antennas of the common-mode line of the emitted electromagnetic fields of the probing signals;
- "circular view of space" - the effect of continuous rotation with a second predetermined angular velocity in a given plane of location of a given group of antennas for receiving a line-in-phase addition line of radiated electromagnetic fields of received signals;
- the formation of the total rotating pattern of the group of receiving antennas.

 Frequency shifts that are multiples of the first predetermined frequency step are introduced into the electromagnetic fields of the probing signals generated by the antennas of the first group spaced with a first predetermined linear step on a first predetermined interval of a straight line, providing a beam rotating at a first angular velocity. The signals reflected from external objects and received by the antennas of the second group, spaced with a second predetermined linear step in a second predetermined interval of a straight line, introduce frequency shifts that are multiples of the second predetermined frequency step, providing a receiving radiation pattern rotating at a second angular speed. In the display node, a raster is formed in the coordinates of the range — the angle at which the luminance marks of the signal are observed, and in this node time channels are separated in which the Doppler frequency shifts of the corresponding signals are measured. Structurally, the antennas are made, for example, in the form of two groups of antenna elements uniformly distributed with corresponding linear steps on predetermined straight line segments.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed device, FIG. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are block diagrams of examples of components and blocks of the proposed device and in FIG. 7 is an example of the location in space of structural elements of the antenna system, for given values of M, N and L in the corresponding groups of blocks.

 The device of FIG. 1 contains a master oscillator 1, a carrier frequency voltage generating unit 2, synchronization voltage generating unit 3, radiation signal generating unit 4, rotating beam generating unit 5, a space circular viewing unit 6, and a reception signal indication and measurement unit 7.

The rotating beam forming unit comprises a synthesizer 8 of a group of multiple radiation frequencies, consisting of a main and a group of additional multipliers 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ ,. . . 9 _N radiation frequencies, block 10 matching radiation frequencies, the main and a group of additional converters 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ ,. . . 11 _N radiation frequency, the main and a group of additional antennas 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ ,. . . 12 _N radiation.

The site of the circular review of space contains a synthesizer 13 of the group of multiple reception frequencies, consisting of the main and the group of additional multipliers 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. . . 14 _M receive frequency, block 15 matching reception frequencies, the main and a group of additional antennas 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ,. . . 16 _M reception, the main and a group of additional converters 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ,. . . 17 _M receive frequency, main and a group of additional filters 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _M admission and adder 19 admission.

 The node for generating synchronization voltages (Fig. 2) contains a divider 20 of the step frequency of the radiation, a divider 21 of the initial frequency of the radiation, a divider 22 of the step frequency of the reception, a divider 23 of the initial frequency of the reception, a divider 24 of the cyclic frequency and a divider 25 of the clock frequency.

 The radiation signal generating unit (Fig. 3) comprises a pulse shaper 26 and a modulator 27.

The node for indicating and measuring the parameters of the reception signals (Fig. 4) comprises a monitoring unit 28 consisting of a pulse detector 29, a first sawtooth voltage driver 30, a second sawtooth voltage driver 31 and an oscilloscope 32, and a Doppler meter unit 33 consisting of a pulse distributor 34, groups of key elements 35 ₁ ,. . . 35 _L , detector groups 36 ₁ ,. . . 36 _L envelopes of pulse sequences, counter groups 37 ₁ ,. . . 37 _L and 38 reset pulses.

Block 10 (Fig. 5) matching frequencies of radiation contains a block 39 of coherent frequency shifts, consisting of a main and a group of additional coherent converters 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ,. . . 40 _N the radiation frequency, and the block 41 of the formation of the carrier frequencies of the radiation, consisting of the main and a group of additional range of converters 42 ₁ , 42 ₂ ,. . . 42 _N radiation frequencies.

Block 15 (Fig. 6) matching the receiving frequencies contains a block 43 of coherent frequency shifts, consisting of a main and a group of additional coherent converters 44 ₁ , 44 ₂ ,. . . 44 _M the reception frequency, and the block 45 of the formation of the carrier frequencies of the reception, consisting of the main and a group of additional range of converters 46 ₁ , 46 ₂ ,. . . 46 _M receive frequency.

 In FIG. 2 in node 3, position 47 is the input of the node and positions 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53 are respectively the outputs of the step radiation frequency, initial radiation frequency, reception step frequency, initial reception frequency, cyclic frequency, and node clock frequency.

 In FIG. 3 in node 4, positions 54, 55, and 56 are respectively the control input, signal input, and output of the node.

In FIG. 4 in node 7, positions 57, 58, 59 and 60 are respectively a signal input, a cyclic input, a frame input and a clock input of a node, position 61 ₁ ,. . . 61 _L , are a group of Doppler outputs of the node.

In FIG. 5 in block 10 of position 62 ₁ , 62 ₂ ,. . . 62 _N are the main and group of additional signal inputs of the blocks, positions 63 and 64 are respectively the first and second reference inputs of the blocks, positions 65 ₁ , 65 ₂ ,. . . 65 _N are the group of outputs of the block.

In FIG. 6 in block 15 of position 66 ₁ , 66 ₂ ,. . . 66 _M are the main and a group of additional signal inputs of the blocks, positions 67 and 68 are the first and second reference inputs of the block, positions 69 ₁ , 69 ₂ , respectively. . . 69 _M are a group of block outputs.

In FIG. 7, positions 70 and 71 are, respectively, the first and second given segments of a straight line — the OX axis of the given spatial coordinate system (OX, OY, OZ), 72 ₁ , 72 ₂ ,. . . 72 _N - are a group of antenna elements of radiation and 73 ₁ , 73 ₂ ,. . . 73 _M , are a group of antenna elements of the reception.

 In FIG. 1 nodes and blocks are connected as follows.

 The input of block 2, the input 47 of node 3 and the input 55 of node 4 are combined and connected to the output of block 1.

 The input 54 of the node 4 and the input 58 of the node 7 are combined and connected to the output 52 of the node 3.

The inputs of the blocks 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ ,. . . 9 _{N of the} node 5 are combined and connected to the output 48 of the node 3, the inputs of the blocks 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. . . 14 _{M of the} node 6 are interconnected and with the input 59 of the node 7 and connected to the output 50 of the node 3.

Inputs 62 ₁ , 62 ₂ ,. . . 62 _{N of} block 10 are respectively connected to the outputs of blocks 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ ,. . . 9 _N , inputs 66 ₁ , 66 ₂ ,. . . 66 _{M of} block 15 are respectively connected to the outputs of blocks 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. . . 14 _N , input 63 of block 10 and input 67 of block 15 are respectively connected to outputs 49 and 51 of node 3, input 64 of block 10 and input 68 of block 15 are combined and connected to the output of block 2.

Signal inputs of blocks 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ ,. . . 11 _{N are} combined and connected to the output 56 of the node 4, the reference inputs of these blocks are connected respectively to the outputs 65 ₁ , 65 ₂ ,. . . 65 _N block 10, and their outputs are connected respectively to the inputs of the antennas 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ ,. . . 12 _N radiation.

Signal inputs of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ,. . . 17 _{M are} connected respectively to the outputs of the antennas 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ,. . . 16 _M receive, the reference inputs of these blocks are respectively connected to the outputs 69 ₁ , 69 ₂ ,. . . 69 _{M of} block 15, and their outputs are respectively connected to the inputs of blocks 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _M and outputs of blocks 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _{M are} connected to the corresponding inputs of the adder 19.

 The signal input 57 of the node 7 is connected to the output of the adder 19, and the clock input 60 of this node is connected to the output 53 of the node 3.

 In FIG. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 blocks are connected as follows.

 In node 3, the inputs of blocks 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are combined and are the input 47 of this node, and the outputs of these blocks are outputs 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53 of this node.

 In node 4, the input of block 26, the signal input of block 27 and the output of block 27 are respectively the control input 54, signal input 55 and output 56 of the node, the control input of block 27 is connected to the output of block 26.

In node 7, the signal inputs of blocks 35 ₁ ,. . . 35 _L are interconnected and with the input of block 29 and are the input 57 of the node. The input of block 30 and the reset input of block 34 are interconnected and are the input 58 of the node. The input of block 31 is the input 59 of the node. The input of the brightness marks, the horizontal deviation input and the vertical deviation input of the oscilloscope 32 are connected respectively to the outputs of the blocks 29, 30 and 31. The clock input of the block 34 is the input 60 of the node, and the outputs of the block 34 are respectively connected to the switching inputs of the blocks 35 ₁ ,. . . 35 _L. Block outputs 35 ₁ ,. . . 35 _{L are} respectively connected to the inputs of blocks 36 ₁ ,. . . 36 _L. Signal inputs of blocks 37 ₁ ,. . . 37 _{L are} respectively connected to the outputs of blocks 36 ₁ ,. . . 36 _L , the reset inputs of these blocks are combined and connected to the output of block 38, and the outputs of these blocks are outputs 61 ₁ ,. . . 61 _L knots.

In block 10, the signal inputs of blocks 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ,. . . 40 _N are inputs 62 ₁ , 62 ₂ ,. . . 62 _{N of} block 10, the reference inputs of these blocks are interconnected and are the input 63 of block 10, and the outputs of these blocks are respectively connected to the signal inputs of blocks 42 ₁ , 42 ₂ ,. . . 42 _N , reference inputs of blocks 42 ₁ , 42 ₂ ,. . . 42 _N are interconnected and are the input 64 of block 10, and the outputs of these blocks are outputs 65 ₁ , 65 ₂ ,. . . 65 _N block 10.

In block 15, the signal inputs of blocks 44 ₁ , 44 ₂ ,. . . 44 _M are inputs 66 ₁ , 66 ₂ ,. . . 66 _{M of} block 10, the reference inputs of these blocks are interconnected and are the input 67 of block 15, and the outputs of these blocks are respectively connected to the signal inputs of blocks 46 ₁ , 46 ₂ ,. . . 46 _M , reference inputs of blocks 46 ₁ , 46 ₂ ,. . . 46 _M are interconnected and are the input 68 of block 15 and the outputs of these blocks are outputs 69 ₁ , 69 ₂ ,. . . 69 _M block 15.

The specific implementation of the blocks and nodes of the device is determined by the used elemental base. For example, in FIG. 1:
- a generator is used as block 1 [3, p. 135.. . 142],
- as a block 2 - frequency multiplier [3, p. 143.. . 145],
- as blocks 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ ,. . . 9 _N and 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. . . 14 _M - frequency multipliers [4, p. 170.. . 193]
- as blocks 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ ,. . . 11 _N and 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ,. . . 17 _M - frequency converters [3, p. 124.. . 126],
- as antennas 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ ,. . . 12 _N radiation and antennas 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ,. . . 16 _M reception - antenna elements of a horn type [3, p. 25.. . 28]
- as blocks 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _M - bandpass filters [3, p. 115.. . 118]
- as a block 19 - the adder [5, p. 105.. . 109].

In FIG. 2.. . 6:
- as the blocks 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, frequency dividers are used [6, p. 461.. . 465],
- as a block 26 - a waiting multivibrator [3, p. 334.. . 354],
- as a block 27 - modulator [3, p. 12. . . fifteen] ,
- as a block 29 - video detector [7, p. 59.. . 62]
- as blocks 30 and 31 - sawtooth shapers [8, p. 59.. . 62]
- as a block 32 - an oscilloscope of the type IO - 4 (with inputs to the deflecting plates and with an input for brightness marks),
- as a block 34 - pulse distributor [6, p. 482.. . 484],
- as blocks 35 ₁ ,. . . 35 _L - analog keys [5, p. 205.. . 208],
- as blocks 36 ₁ ,. . . 36 _L - video detectors [7, p. 59.. . 62]
- as blocks 37 ₁ ,. . . 37 _L - pulse counters [9, p. 456.. . 470],
- as a block 38 - a generator [5, p. 150.. . 165],
- as blocks 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ . . . 40 _N , 42 ₁ , 42 ₂ ,. . . 42 _N , 44 ₁ , 44 ₂ ,. . . 44 _M , 46 ₁ , 46 ₂ ,. . . 46 _M - frequency converters [3, p. 124.. . 126].

 The device of FIG. 1 works as follows.

 Blocks 1, 2 and node 3 are common to the radiating and receiving parts of the radar. Nodes 4 and 5 are the radiating part (transmitting side) of the device, nodes 6 and 7 are the receiving part (receiving side) of the device.

In block 1, the voltage of the driving frequency F _{From is} generated.

In block 2, the voltage of the probing frequency F _{Izon is formed} .

In block 3, a group of synchronizing voltages of the corresponding frequencies is formed:
- step radiation frequency F _Ish , position 48,
- the initial radiation frequency F _{In s} , position 49,
- step frequency of reception F _Psh , for example F _Psh = NF _Ish , position 50,
- the initial frequency of reception F _Fnop , position 51,
- cyclic frequency F _c, at 52,
- clock frequency F _t , position 53.

From the output voltages of node 3, a group of initial voltages and a group of reference voltages are formed:
- in blocks 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ ,. . . 9, the node _N 5 is formed with a stress band frequencies nF _Ish and a unit 10 received in the input voltage frequency shifts F _NIH F _Izon and forming a group of initial stresses s _Iin (t), (t) - the current time with the starting carrier frequencies
f _Yin = F _Ison + F _Inz + nF _Ish , n = 1 _,. . . N;
- in blocks 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. . . 14 _M node 8, a group of voltages with frequencies mF _{Psh is formed} and in block 15 frequency shifts F _Mon and F _Ison are introduced into the received voltages, forming a group of reference voltages u _Пmop (t) with reference frequencies
f _Pmop = F _Ison -f _Pnop -mF _Psh , m = 1 _,. . . M.

On the transmitting side of the device in node 4, an initial predetermined radio pulse signal of duration T _From , for example T _From > 1 / F _Ish , and with a fill frequency F _From , which is converted by converters 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ ,, is formed. . . 11 _{N of} frequency of node 5 is transferred to frequencies
f _Иn = F _Ison + F _Of + F _Inz + nF _Ish , n = 1 _,. . . N;
forming a group of sounding radio-pulse signals s _Иn (t), n = 1 _,. . . N, with amplitude modulation according to the law A _AND (t), duration T _From , and with carrier frequencies
_{and N} = F f + F _{From Iin} = F + nF _{D0 Ix} = F _{and S} -nF _Ish N / 2 + nF _Ish
F _{Izon H0} = F + F + F _{Of NIH,} F _{and S} = F + F _{D0 Ix} N / 2,
s _{and n} (t) = _AI (t) cos ((2πf _{and n} t) -γ -nγ _{D0 Ix),} n = 1,. . . N;
And _And (t) = 1 for 0 <t <T _From ,
And _And (t) = 0 for 0> t, t> T _From ,
F _И0 and F _ИS - reference and average frequencies of radiation signals,
γ _H0 and nγ _Ish, n = 1,. . . N, are the given initial and group of multiple phases with the given phase step γ _{Ish of the} radiation signals introduced by the voltage converting frequencies into the original signal simultaneously with the corresponding given frequency shifts.

 Thus, the signals from the output of the radiation signal generation unit by the main and a group of additional radiation frequency converters are converted into a group of probing signals, which are then emitted by the main and a group of additional radiation antennas, respectively.

The sounding signals are emitted by antennas 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ ,. . . 12 _N radiation, structurally made, for example, in the form of a group of antenna elements 72 ₁ , 72 ₂ ,. . . 72 _N (Fig. 7) distributed on the first predetermined segment 70 of the axis OX of length R _Il uniformly with a predetermined pitch R _Il / (N-1). After reflection from an external object, signals are received by antennas 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ,. . . 16 _M receive structurally executed, for example, in the form of a group of antenna elements 73 ₁ , 73 ₂ ,. . . 73 _M (Fig. 7) distributed on a second predetermined segment 71 of the axis OX of length R _Pl uniformly with a given step R _Pl / (M-1).

S _{and n} (t) signals propagate again to the external moving object, moving at the same frequency at the fundamental Doppler frequency shift F _Id, are summed, forming a sum signal s _and (t) at frequency F _and = F _{and S} + F _Id and reflected by this object, forming a group of partial reflected signals s _Iotn (t) and their total reflected signal s _Iot (t) at a frequency F _Iot = F _And , which after reflection propagates to a group of antennas 16 ₁ , 16 _{2 ,.} . . 16 _M receive and are received by them with an additional Doppler frequency shift F _PD , forming a common Doppler frequency shift F _Add = f _Id + F _PD signal.

Due to the difference in the initial carrier frequencies of the probing signals by the values of nF _Иш , the partial electromagnetic fields created by them during emission are:
- in a given direction are summed up with constantly increasing differences of mutual phase shifts, while with a period
T _iot = 1 / f _Ish
the condition for the in-phase summation of the radiation signals and between the time-points of the in-phase addition in space of partial signals propagating and reflected from an external object is fulfilled. Their sum has the form of pulses (Example 1) of duration
τ _Iot = 1 / (NF _Ish )
- at a given point in time, there is a predetermined main direction of signal emission, for which the condition for in-phase summation of the emitted signals is fulfilled, and for other directions of signal emission, partial signals are summed with those distributed within 0. . 2π phases, forming a pulsed (beam) power distribution of the total signal in space (Example 2).

The considered procedure describes the synthesis of a common rotating beam of a signal s _And (t) and the signal s _Iot (t) reflected from an external object, formed by summing the signals s _Iotn (t) of the reflected partial electromagnetic fields.

The total signal s _Iot (t) reflected from an external object is supplied to each m-th receiving antenna, i.e., to the M receiving antennas, NM signals s _IPnm (t) from N radiation antennas are received in different ways. After reflection from an external object, addition in space along "n" and receipt of input antennas at the inputs of these antennas, we obtain a group of signals s _IPm (t) at the outputs of these antennas, each at an average frequency " _P " F _P = F _IS + F _add radiation with a common Doppler frequency shift, and with mutual phase shifts determined by the phases of the received signals and the location of the receiving antennas.

On the receiving side of the device, the received radio pulses are shifted in frequency to a range of intermediate frequencies (with the introduction of a group of corresponding mutual frequency shifts in them) in the converters 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ,. . . 17 _M receive frequencies, the reference inputs of which are supplied with reference voltages u _Pmop (t) with reference frequencies f _Pmop
Pmop u (t) = cos ((2πf _Pmop t) + γ _P0 + mγ _lim), m = 1,. . . M;
f _Пmop = F _Ison -F _Пnop -mF _Пш = F _ПСоп + F _Пш M / 2-mF _Пш , m = 1 _,. . . M;
F _PSop = F _Ison -F _Pnop -F _Psh M / 2
F _Izon -F _Pnop and F _PSop - reference and average frequency of the reference voltage,
γ _P0 and mγ _lim, m = 1,. . . M, - are the given initial phase and the group of the specified multiple phases with the given reference phase step γ _{Pn of the} reference voltages.

The reference voltages received signals are converted into a group of signals s _Пm (t) with intermediate frequencies
f _Пm = F _ИS -f _Пмоп = F _ПS -mF _Пш , m = 1 _,. . . M;
F _PS = F _AND- F _PSop ,
F _PS - the specified average intermediate frequency (average frequency of the output signal).

The converted signals are filtered from external noise by filters 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _M receive tuned to the corresponding intermediate frequencies, while forming a group of signals s _Пm (t), m = 1.. . M, (at frequencies f _Пm ) which then add up in the adder 19, forming the output signal s _Pvyh (t).

Due to the difference in the intermediate frequencies of the received signals by the values of mF _Psh :
- for a given direction of reception, the signals are summed at the corresponding intermediate frequencies in block 19 with constantly increasing differences in mutual phase shifts, while with a period
T _P = 1 / F _Psh
the condition of in-phase summation of the received signals is satisfied, and between the time points of the in-phase summation of partial signals at the corresponding intermediate frequencies, their sum takes the form of pulses (Example 1) with a duration
τ _L = 1 / (MF _Psh ) = 1 / (MNF _Ish )
- at a given point in time, there is a basic predetermined direction for receiving partial signals, for which the condition of in-phase summation of the received signals is fulfilled, and for other directions of receiving signals, the received partial signals are summed with those distributed within 0. . 2π phases, as a result of which a pulse (beam) distribution is formed (by the angle of arrival at the antennas 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ,... 16 _{M of the} reception of reflected signals) of the group of values of the received total signals at the output of block 19.

The considered procedure describes the synthesis of a radiation pattern of signals with a circular overview of the space using a group of receiving antennas and summing the partial received signals s _Pm (t) at the corresponding intermediate frequencies.

Note that in the example, when we consider a group of predetermined external objects spaced in space, for each of these objects the given probing signals s _Иn (t), n = 1, are used. . . N, and the given reference stresses u _Пmoп (t), m = 1 _,. . . M, with respective predetermined phases γ _H0 + nγ _Ish and γ _P0 + mγ _lim.
The output signal S _Pvyh (t) from the output of the node 6 (from the output of the adder 19 of the reception) is supplied to the signal input of the node 7, the cyclical, frame and clock inputs of which are supplied with synchronizing voltages of frequencies F _c , F _Psh and F _t .

In node 7, the following operations are performed:
- determined on the screen of the cathode-ray tube indicator position in space of an external object in the coordinates of the range is the angle of the direction of arrival of the signal;
- signals are separated by a given group of time channels;
- measured Doppler shifts of the carrier frequencies of the signals and the corresponding moving speeds of the moving external objects for a given group of temporary channels of output signals corresponding to a given group of locations of external objects.

 Blocks and nodes (Fig. 1... 6) of the device operate as follows.

In block 1 is generated (e.g., autogenerator - harmonic voltage) source voltage of a given frequency F _From from which are formed in block 2 (for example, frequency multiplier) voltage of a given frequency F _Izon and node 3 (e.g., Fig 2 -. Frequency dividers 20. 25) -.. stresses predetermined frequency respectively _Ish F, F _INZ, F _{nu, OFFP} F, F _n and F _m,
At node 4 (FIG. 3) at block 27, made of, e.g., a monostable multivibrator is formed by a sequence of video pulses of predetermined duration T _From a repetition period T _p = 1 / Fts, and in block 28, made for example in the form of amplitude modulator, from these pulses a sequence of radio pulses is formed with a carrier frequency F _Of .

In block 8 of node 5 is formed by frequency multipliers 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ ,. . . 9 _N group of coherent voltages of multiple frequencies and multiple phases of radiation.

In block 10 (Fig. 5) in the obtained coherent voltage in blocks 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ,. . . 40 _N is introduced the initial frequency shift F _In radiation, and in blocks 42 ₁ , 42 ₂ ,. . . 42 _N introduces the frequency shift of a given carrier frequency F _Izon , forming a group of source signals with frequencies
f _Yin = F _Ison + F _Inz + nF _Ish , n = 1 _,. . . N.

Converters 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ ,. . . 11 _N radiation frequency, the spectrum of the sequence of radio pulses from the output of node 4 is transferred to the frequency range of the signal, and the signals are emitted by antennas 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ ,. . . 12 _N radiation.

In block 13 of node 6 is formed by frequency multipliers 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. . . 14 _M group of coherent reference voltages of multiple frequencies and multiple reception phases.

In block 15 (Fig. 6) to the obtained coherent voltage in blocks 44 ₁ , 44 ₂ ,. . . 44 _{M, the} initial frequency shift F is _{introduced. The} receive _button is also in blocks 46 ₁ , 46 _{2 ,.} . . 46 _M introduces the frequency shift of a given carrier frequency F _Izon , forming a group of reference signals with frequencies
f _Pmop = F _Ison - (F _Pnop + mF _Psh ), m = 1 _,. . . M.

Converters 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ,. . . 17 _M the reception frequency to the signals arriving with the corresponding phase shifts from the outputs of the antennas 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ,. . . 16 _M reception, mutual channel shifts of carrier frequencies are introduced multichannel, the received pulses are filtered by bandpass filters 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _M receive, and the filtered signals are summed in block 19.

 In node 7 (Fig. 4) in block 28, a raster is formed on the oscilloscope screen synchronously and in accordance with a predetermined cycle of viewing the space for observing the received signals using horizontal and vertical scans of the voltages of blocks 30 and 31 synchronized by the voltages of the cyclic frequency and step frequency reception. The received signal from the output of block 19 is detected in block 29 and displayed on the screen of the oscilloscope 32 in the form of a brightness mark with a horizontal and vertical shift in the raster, respectively, of the distance and angle of arrival of the signal after it is reflected from an external object. When the received signal lasts longer than the step of the receiving frequency, the signal on the screen looks like a dashed line segment from a group of points displaced horizontally, respectively, from the corresponding surface area of the external object and vertically, respectively, the signal arrival angle reflected from this surface area of the external object. For example, in the case of receiving signals reflected from a group of extended external objects, these objects are recognized by the relative positions on the oscilloscope screen of the corresponding segments of dashed lines.

The unit 7 a block 33 is carried out the separation of the received signals from a given group of L time slots, duration, e.g., T _ch = (2 / F _lim) / M and the number of L = T _c / T _ch, which distributor 34 pulses are used for cyclic and clock synchronization signals of node 3 with frequencies F _c and F _t , a group of channel gating pulses is formed, and key elements 35 ₁ ,. . . 35 _L of the received signals are allocated channel signals having the form of pulse sequences with Doppler modulations of their envelopes. Detectors 36 ₁ ,. . . 36 _L envelopes are allocated Doppler stresses and in the counters 37 ₁ ,. . . 37 _L counts the number of positive half-waves of the received voltages for a given measurement time T _ISM , set by the reset pulse generator 38.

Example 1
On the transmitting side of the device, a group of sounding radio pulse signals s _Иn (t), n = 1, is formed. . . N, with amplitude modulation according to the law A _AND (t), duration T _From , and with carrier frequencies
_{and N} = F f + F _{From Iin} = F + nF _{D0 Ix} = F _{and S} -F _Ish N / 2 + nF _Ish
F _{Izon H0} = F + F + F _{Of NIH,} F _{and S} = F + F _{D0 Ix} N / 2,
s _{and n} (t) = A _and (t) cos ((2πf _{and n} t) -γ -nγ _{D0 Ix),} n = 1,. . . N;
And _And (t) = 1 for 0 <t <T _From ,
And _And (t) = 0 for 0> t, t> T _From ,
F _И0 and F _ИS - reference and average frequencies of radiation signals,
γ _H0 and nγ _Ish, n = 1,. . . , N - given initial and group of multiple phases with a given phase step γ _{Ish of the} radiation signals, introduced by the voltage conversion frequencies into the original signal simultaneously with the corresponding given frequency shifts.

On the receiving side of the device, a group of reference voltages u _Pmop (t) with reference frequencies f _Pmop ,
_Pmop u (t) = cos ((2πf _Pmop t) + γ _P0 + mγ _lim), m = 1,. . . M
f _Пmop = F _Ison -F _Пnop -mF _Пш = F _ПСоп + F _Пш M / 2-mF _Пш , m = 1 _,. . . M
F _PSop = F _Ison -F _Pnop -F _Psh M / 2,
F _Izon -F _Pnop and F _PSop - reference and average frequency of the reference voltage,
γ _P0 and mγ _lim, m = 1,. . . , M - input given a given initial phase and a group of specified multiple phases with a given reference phase step γ _Psh reference voltage.

The reference voltages received signals are converted into a group of signals s _Пm (t) with intermediate frequencies
f _Пm = F _ИS -f _Пмоп = F _ПS -mF _Пш , m = 1 _,. . . M
F _PS = F _AND- F _PSop ,
F _PS - the specified average intermediate frequency (average frequency of the output signal).

In an example, the case F _{lim lim} = NF.

Partial electromagnetic wave signals for a given location in space of a segment of a straight line of radiation points (radiation antennas) by a given orientation in space by an angle G _Izad between it and the direction to an external object are emitted and propagated to the external object in time
t _{and n} = T _M0 - (n-1) T _{and R,} T _H0 = R _U0 / C, T _{and R} = R _Il cos (G _Izad) / (C (N-1)), P _{and R} = 2πF _{and S} T _{and R,}
R _AND0 - the total specified distance from the beginning (by radiation time) of the interval of location of radiation points to an external object,
R _Il - a given length of the interval location of the points of radiation,
C is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in a given environment,
T _И0 - the total propagation time of the fronts of the emitted partial electromagnetic waves,
T _IR - step mutual differences in the travel time of partial electromagnetic waves during radiation,
Ф _ИR is a step of mutual phase differences of partial electromagnetic waves during radiation.

n= 1, . . . N,
Q_И и Q_Иот - коэффициенты ослабления электромагнитной волны при ее распространении и отражении от внешнего объекта;
F_Ид - доплеровское смещение частоты излученного сигнала в момент его отражения от движущегося внешнего объекта.Probing signals propagate to an external object in time and are reflected from it, forming a group of reflected signals

n = 1,. . . N
Q _I and Q _Iot - attenuation coefficients of an electromagnetic wave during its propagation and reflection from an external object;
F _Id - Doppler frequency shift of the emitted signal at the time of its reflection from a moving external object.

Partial electromagnetic wave signals for a given location in space of a segment of a straight line of receiving points (receiving antennas) by a given orientation in space by an angle G The _backward between it and the direction to an external object are reflected from the external object and propagate to the receiving antennas in time
t _Pn = T _P0 + (m-1) T _nR, T _n0 = R _U0 / C, T, _nR = R _Pl cos (G _Pzad) / (C (M-1)), F _nR = 2πF _{and S} T _nR,
R _P0 - the total specified distance from the external object to the beginning (in time of reception) of the interval of location of points of reception,
R _Pl - the specified length of the interval location of points of reception,
C is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in a given environment,
T _P0 - the total propagation time of the fronts of the received partial electromagnetic waves,
T _PR - the step of the mutual differences of the travel time of partial electromagnetic waves when receiving,
Ф _PR is the step of the mutual phase differences of the partial electromagnetic waves during reception.

The reflected total (from the partial radiated) signal propagates to the receiving antennas and is received with an additional Doppler reception frequency F _PD .

The received signals and reference voltages are supplied respectively to the signal and reference inputs of the receiving frequency converters, at the outputs of which we obtain a group of signals s _Пm (t) at intermediate frequencies f _Пn + F _Add , where F _Add = F _Id + F _Pd :
_pM s (t) = Q _and Q _{Yot P} Q Q Q _{PSM Pf} A _AND (t-T _{H0 P0} T) cos (2π (f + F _{cart pM)} (t-T T _{H0 P0)} -γ _ON - mγ _Psh -mF _PR ), m = 1 _,. . . M
Q _P - attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves during their propagation from an external object to the receiving antennas,
Q _Pcm and Q _Pf are the attenuation coefficients of the signal in the converters 17 ₁ , 17 _{2 ,.} . . 17 _M receive frequencies and in filters 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _M reception.

B_с(t)= К при t= 0,

F₀, F_Ш, К - заданные параметры уравнений.This example considers the synthesis of signal pulse sequences from emitted and received signals and the appearance of additional Doppler amplitude modulation in these sequences when receiving signals using expressions for pulse signals over a 1 / F _Ш time period in the form of standard harmonic cosine and sine series:

B _with (t) = K at t = 0,

F ₀ , F _W , K - given parameters of the equations.

Из этих выражений следует, что при синтезе импульсных сигналов наличие доплеровских сдвигов несущих частот сигналов приводит к появлению дополнительных (помимо А_И(t)) периодических гармонических амплитудных модуляций cos(2πF_Идt) и cos(2πF_Добt) соответствующих синтезированных импульсов D_Иимпс(t) и D_Пимпс(t):
D_Иимпс(t)= (sin(πnF_Ишt))/sin(πF_Ишt), D_Пимпc(t)= (sin(πmF_Пшt))/sin(πF_Пшt).Let us represent the partial and total signals s _Iotn (t) and s _Iot (t) reflected with a Doppler frequency shift, and the received signals s _IPm (t) in the microwave range, s _Пm (t) and s _Pvyh (t) in the intermediate wavelength range, in the form of sums of orthogonal harmonic components with cosine and sine modulating Doppler signals

From these expressions it follows that in the synthesis of pulsed signals, the presence of Doppler shifts of the carrier frequencies of the signals leads to the appearance of additional (in addition to A _AND (t)) periodic harmonic amplitude modulations cos (2πF _Id t) and cos (2πF _Add t) of the corresponding synthesized pulses D _IIMPS (t) and D _Pimps (t):
D _Iimps (t) = (sin (πnF _Ish t)) / sin (πF _Ish t), D _Pimps (t) = (sin (πmF _Ish t)) / sin (πF _Ish t).

- модуль максимального общего доплеровского сдвига несущей частоты сигнала.In the example, the case is considered.

- module maximum total Doppler shift of the carrier frequency of the signal.

Т_Исдв= (γ_Иш+Ф_ИR)/2πF_Иш= Т_Иуст+Т_ИG, Т_Иуст= γ_Иш/2πF_Иш, Т_ИG= Ф_ИR/2πF_Иш,

Т_Псдв= (γ_Пш+Ф_ПR)/2πF_Пш= Т_Пуст+Т_ПG, Т_Пуст= γ_Пш/2πF_Пш, Т_ПG= Ф_ПR/2πF_пш,
Т_Исдв и Т_Псдв - временные сдвиги синтезированных импульсов,
Т_Иуст и Т_Пуст - временные сдвиги, устанавливаемые заданными фазами γ_Иш и γ_Пш исходных сигналов и опорных напряжений,
Т_ИG и Т_ПG - временные сдвиги, соответствующие фазам Ф_ИR и Ф_ПR и, следовательно, Т_ИR и Т_ПR и углам G_Изад и G_Пзад,
D_Иимпс(t), D_Пимпс(t) - периодические импульсные последовательности, синтезируемые, соответственно, при облучении электромагнитными полями внешнего объекта и сжатии сигнала в приемной части устройства.For the total signal reflected from the external object and the output signal, respectively

_Isdv T = (γ + _Ish F _{and R)} / 2πF = _lim T _Justus + T _{and G,} T = γ _{Justus Ish} / 2πF _Ish, T = F _{and G and R} / 2πF _Ish

_Psdv T = (γ + F _{lim nR)} / 2πF _lim = T _{Blank PG} + T, T _{lim Blank} = γ / 2πF _lim T F _PG = _nR / 2πF _pn,
T _Isdv and T _Psdv - time shifts of the synthesized pulses,
T _Just and T _Pust - time shifts established by the given phases γ _Is and γ _{Пш of the} initial signals and reference voltages,
T _IG and T _PG - time shifts corresponding to the phases Ф _ИР and Ф _ПР and, therefore, Т _ИР and Т _ПР and angles G _Izad and G _Pzad ,
D _Iimps (t), D _Pimps (t) - periodic pulse sequences, synthesized, respectively, when irradiated with electromagnetic fields of an external object and the signal is compressed in the receiving part of the device.

Thus, alternately, with a period T = 1 _Yot / F _Ish formed irradiating external object synthesized _Yot pulses τ = 1 / (NF _Ish) and the time shift T _{Isdv U0} + T + T + T _{and G Justus.} At the output of the receiving portion alternately, with a period T _P = 1 / F _lim, forming the output synthesized pulses τ _Lvyh = 1 / (MF _lim) = 1 / (MNF _Ish) and the time shift T _H0 + T _n0 + T _Blank + T _PG .

 Technically, a group of objects is monitored, for example, by using a scan on the screen of a cathode ray tube in the form of a raster (with a given periodic change in the scale of the total scan by the lines of the frame).

Example 2
This example shows typical operations in the synthesis of a rotating beam of a probe signal using a group of blocks 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ ,. . 9 _N , block 10, group of blocks 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ ,. . . 11 _N and antenna groups 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ ,. . . 12 _N radiation
and operations in the synthesis of the overview of the rotating radiation pattern of the receiving antenna system using a group of blocks 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. . . 14 _M , block 15, group of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ,. . . 17 _M , antenna groups 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ,. . . 16 _M receive, block group 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ ,. . . 18 _M and adder 19.

As shown in Example 1, in the synthesis of pulsed signals from a group of narrow-band and harmonic signals, the appearance of Doppler shifts of carrier frequencies in the reflected from an external moving object is equivalent to the appearance of additional (to A _AND (t)) amplitude modulation in the original signal, as a result of which in Example 2 Doppler shifts of carrier frequencies are not significant.

As in example 1, the signals of partial electromagnetic waves for a given location in space of a segment of a straight line of radiation points (radiation antennas) by means of a given orientation in space by an angle G _From between it and the direction to an external object are radiated and propagated to the external object in time
t _{and n} = T _M0 - (n-1) T _{and R,} T _H0 = R _U0 / C, T _{and R} = R _Il cos (G _Izad) / (C (N-1)), P _{and R} = 2πF _{and S} T _{and R,}
R _AND0 is the total specified distance from the beginning (in reception time) of the interval of the location of radiation points to an external object
R _Il - a given length of the interval location of the points of radiation,
C is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in a given environment,
T _И0 - the total propagation time of the fronts of the emitted partial electromagnetic waves,
T _IR - step mutual differences in the travel time of partial electromagnetic waves during radiation.

Thus, for a given location in the space of a segment of a straight line of radiation points (radiation antennas) and for a given average frequency F _{ИS of} radiation signals, spatial phase shifts ψ _Иn (G _Izad ) are always introduced into partial electromagnetic waves:
ψ _Иn (G _Izad ) = ψ _И0 - (n-1) ψ _Ish (G _Izad ),
ψ _И0 = 2πF _ИS T _И0 ,
ψ _Ish (G _Izad ) = 2πF _AND T T _RR cos (G _Izad ).
Due to the difference in the mutual frequencies of the probing signals by the values of nF _Иш created by them, partial electromagnetic waves are characterized by increasing mutual phase shifts φ _Иn (t)
φ _Иn (t) = φ _ИО - (n-1) φ _Иш (t) = φ _И0 -2π (n-1) F _Иш t,
φ _И0 - a given input initial phase shift of the emitted signals,
φ _Ish (t) is a given time-incrementing step of mutual phase shifts of the emitted signals.

т. е. при G_Изад имеем φ_Иn(t_Изадj)= 2π(n-1)F_Ишt_Изадj= 2πi, n= 1, . . . N, j= 1, . . . J, i= 1, . . . I,
J, I - целые числа, заданные в соответствии с заданным временем наблюдения,
в то время как для углов направлений, не равных G_Изад в моменты времени t_Изадj, парциальные электромагнитные волны суммируются с распределенными в пределах 0. . . 2π фазами и тем самым их сумма существенно ослабляется (по сравнению с синфазным сложением), вследствие чего образуется импульсное (лучевое) распределение мощности суммарного сигнала в пространстве.There is a given direction G _Izad in space for which for all n at given times t _Izadj , j = 1 _,. . . J, the condition for summing modulo 2π summation of partial electromagnetic waves

i.e., for G _Izad, we have φ _Иn (t _Izadj ) = 2π (n-1) F _Ish t _Izadj = 2πi, n = 1 _,. . . N, j = 1,. . . J, i = 1,. . . I
J, I - integers given in accordance with a given observation time,
while for the angles of directions not equal to G _Izad at times t _Izadj , the partial electromagnetic waves are summed with distributed within 0.. . 2π phases and, thus, their sum is significantly weakened (compared with in-phase addition), as a result of which a pulse (ray) power distribution of the total signal in space is formed.

By means of a coordinated change in the parameters t _Izadj and G _Izad , the condition for summing in phase 2π in-phase summation of partial electromagnetic waves is maintained, i.e., the radiation pattern is given the form of a continuously rotating beam (the form of an unsteady radiation pattern with a continuously changing radiation direction angle G _Ivr (t) = 2πt / F _Ish , with a rotation period T _Ivr = 1 / F _Ish .

Thus, in the group of space planes passing through a straight line segment of the radiation points (radiation antennas), the non-stationary radiation pattern looks like a continuously rotating beam with a continuously changing radiation angle G _Ivr (t) = 2πt / F _Ish , with a rotation period T _Ivr = 1 / F _Ish and the width Δ _И (G _Ivr (t)) = 2π / (NF _Ish sin (G _Ivr (t))) of the signal beam that increases during the rotation period from 2π / (NF _Ish) ) to omnidirectional for a time 1 / NF _Ish (considerably small part of the whole set th beam rotation period).

In the planes of space normal to a straight line segment of the location of radiation points (radiation antennas), the radiation pattern is in the form of rings with continuously changing diameter and thickness, and in three-dimensional space - the form of a conical surface of the umbrella, continuously folding and expanding with a period of 1 / F _Is , and in this case, respectively, with increasing and decreasing thickness of the surface of the coating of the umbrella.

As in example 1, the signals of partial electromagnetic waves for a given location in space of a segment of a straight line of receiving points (receiving antennas) by a given orientation in space by an angle G The _backward between it and the direction to an external object are reflected from the external object and propagate to the receiving antennas in time
t _Pn = _P0 T + (m-1) T _nR, T _{n0 n0} = R / C, T _{nR Pl} = R cos (G _Pzad) / (C (M-1)),
R _P0 - the total specified distance from the external object to the beginning (in time of reception) of the interval of location of points of reception,
R _Pl - the specified length of the interval location of points of reception,
C is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in a given environment,
T _P0 - the total propagation time of the fronts of the received partial electromagnetic waves,
T _PR - the step of the mutual differences of the path of the received partial electromagnetic waves.

Thus, for a given location in the space of a segment of a straight line of reception points (reception antennas) for a given average frequency f _{ИS of} radiation signals and for a given average frequency F _{ПS of} reception signals, spatial phase shifts ψ _Пm (G _Pzad ) are always introduced into partial electromagnetic waves:
ψ _Pm (G _Pzad ) = ψ _P0 - (m-1) ψ _Psh (G _Pzad ),
ψ = 2πF _{P0 and S} T _P0,
ψ _Psh (G _P ) = 2πF _{AND S} T _{P R} cos (G _Pzad ).
Due to the difference in the intermediate frequencies of the received signals by the values of mF _{Ls, the} voltages of the intermediate frequencies are characterized by increasing mutual phase shifts φ _Пm (t):
_pM φ (t) = φ _P0 - (m-1) φ _lim (t) = φ _P0 -2π (m-1) F _lim t,
φ _П0 - the sum of the specified input and signal initial phase shifts of the received signals,
φ _Пш (t) - is the specified incrementing in time step of the mutual phase shifts of the received signals.

т. е. при G_Пзад имеем φ_Пm(t_Изадp)= 2π(m-1)F_Пшt_Пзадр= 2πр, n= 1, . . . N, р= 1, . . . Р, h= 1, . . . Н,
H, Р - целые числа, заданные в соответствии с заданным временем наблюдения,
в то время как для углов направлений, не равных G_Пзад в моменты времени t_Пзадh, принятые парциальные сигналы суммируются с распределенными в пределах 0. . . 2π фазами, и тем самым их сумма существенно ослабляется (по сравнению с синфазным сложением), вследствие чего образуется импульсное ("лучевое") распределение (по углу прихода на антенны 16₁, 16₂, . . . 16_M приема отраженных сигналов) получаемых выходных сигналов на выходе сумматора 19.There is a given direction G _Pzad in space for which for all m at given times t t _Pzadh , h = 1 _,. . . N, the condition of in-phase modulo 2π summation of the received signals

i.e., for G _Pzad, we have φ _Пm (t _Iadp ) = 2π (m-1) F _Psh t _Pzadr = 2πp, n = 1,. . . N, p = 1,. . . P, h = 1,. . . H
H, P are integers given in accordance with a given observation time,
while for direction angles not equal to G _Pzad at time t _Pzadh , the received partial signals are summed with those distributed within 0.. . 2π phases, and thus their sum is significantly attenuated (compared with in-phase addition), as a result of which a pulsed ("beam") distribution is formed (by the angle of arrival at the antennas 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ... 16 _{M of the} reception of reflected signals) received output signals at the output of the adder 19.

By means of a coordinated change in the parameters t _Pzadj and G _Pzad , the condition for summing in phase 2π in-phase summation of the received partial signals is maintained, that is, the receiving radiation pattern is given the form of a continuously rotating “beam” (the form of an unsteady radiation pattern with a continuously changing reception direction angle G _Pvr (t ) = 2πt / F _Psh , with a rotation period T _Pvr = 1 / F _Psh ).

Thus, in the group of space planes passing through a straight line segment of the receiving points (receiving antennas), the unsteady receiving radiation pattern has the form of a continuously rotating “beam” (with a continuously changing receiving direction angle G _Pvr (t) = 2πt / F _Пш , with the rotation period T _Pvr = 1 / F _Psh and the width Δ _P (G _Pvr (t)) = 2π / MF _Psh sin (G _Pvr (t))) of the receiving beam that increases during the rotation period from 2π / ( MF _Psh ) to omnidirectionality during the time 1 / MF _Psh (a substantially small part of the entire rotation period “beam” reception pattern).

In the planes of space normal to the straight line segment of the reception points (reception antennas), the directional pattern of the reception has the form of rings with continuously changing diameter and thickness and in three-dimensional space - the form of a conical surface of the umbrella, continuously folding and _expanding with a period of 1 / F _Пш , and in this case, respectively, with increasing and decreasing thickness of the surface of the coating of the umbrella.

Example 3
The choice of the scope of the proposed radar and an assessment of its effectiveness will be shown by comparing the proposed device, which uses coherent frequency converters for rotating rays and radiation patterns, and known radars, which uses controlled phase shifters in the microwave range and mechanical change of position in the transmitting space for scanning rays and radiation patterns receiving antennas. These known radars and their characteristic parameters are, for example:
1. Radars [11] operating in the 10 cm wavelength range that use the specified mutually agreed control in the microwave range for scanning radiation patterns by the corresponding groups of phase shifters.

 2. Radars [12], using phase shifters to quickly scan the space during the duration of the received pulse signal. At the maximum achievable scanning speed using phase shifters in the centimeter wave range, the beam is now swinging in a given field of view for 10 μs, which determines the duration of the probe pulse.

 3. Radars [13] using the movement of the aircraft and, therefore, using the synthesis of the aperture of the equivalent antenna.

 The number of antennas on an airplane, for example, is 50, and therefore, the length of the phased antenna array formed by them is 2.5 m.

 These radars are characterized in that during the flight of an aircraft, for example, at a speed of 3600 km per hour in 1 second, an equivalent aperture of an antenna of 1 km in size is synthesized, while the maximum achievable resolution is 1.25 m.

 4. Radars [14], using the expansion of the spectrum of the probe signal on the transmitting side (for example, by intrapulse modulation of the signal) and compression of the received signals on the receiving side.

 The proposed radar, for example, is characterized by the fact that it works with sounding pulses of a given duration, for example 10 μs (set by the pulse duration from the output of block 4, the gate voltage of the carrier frequencies). The radiation antennas are located on a given straight line segment after 5 cm, their number is 50, and therefore, the length of the antenna systems formed by them is 2.5 m. The probe pulses are emitted by 50 radiation antennas at unequal carrier frequencies for 10 μs, for example , at the initial frequency of 3 GHz and frequencies, with a step of their differences relative to the initial frequency of 100 KHz, thereby creating successively through 0.2 μs in 50 specified directions through 7.2 degrees at zero level the partial rotating rays of illumination reflecting on top width of 7.2 degrees at the zero level in a given general sector of space, for example, in the range from -45 degrees to +45 degrees relative to the normal to the line of location of the corresponding group of radiation antennas (the resulting rotating rays expand insignificantly to the boundaries of this sector). Obtaining the specified detection ranges, along with the compression of the signals, is ensured by using the corresponding predetermined strobe pulses from the output of block 4 (for example, 2.5 μs in duration). A predetermined angle in the space of generated rotating beams at a given point in time is determined by the specified input phase shifts into the emitted signals (i.e., the corresponding phases of the group of source signals at the outputs of block 10).

Note that in the case of radar detection of a group of specified external objects spaced apart in space, for the separate illumination of each of these objects, the given sounding signals s _Иn (t), n = 1, are used. . . N, with respective predetermined phases γ _H0 + nγ _Ish.

 Partial rotating beams reach the corresponding sections of the reflecting surface (for example, sections of the earth's surface) with significantly different time delays - for the corresponding propagation times of the rotating beam to these sections, and illuminate them with a resolution in each section of the illumination of range elements that are mutually removed by at least 60 m

 Rotating rays (for example, sections of the earth’s surface) reflected from the corresponding surface sections of the object in the directions of the corresponding elementary viewing sectors with significantly different time delays arrive at the group of receiving antennas. When receiving reflected signals, each allowed element of range is reviewed using a circular view of the space (circular rotation of the signal receiving direction). For this, signals are received by 50 receiving antennas with their uniform location on a given straight line segment and converted using the voltages of the corresponding reference frequencies - with a step of differences of the reference frequencies of 5 MHz relative to the initial reference frequency, thereby creating successively through 0.004 μs in 50 specified directions through 7 , 2 degrees at zero level elementary sectors of the review ("rays" of the review) 7.2 degrees wide at zero level in a given common sector of space, for example, within the general sector of view , for example, in the range from -45 degrees to +45 degrees relative to the normal to the line of location of the corresponding group of receiving antennas (the received rays expand slightly to the boundaries of the common sector). Thus, a group of elementary viewing sectors mutually adjoining in space is formed, which ensure the sequential reception of radio signals from each direction (from each highlighted resolution element) for 0.004 μs, which ensures resolution of the circular view in each illumination section of the range overview elements, mutually removed no less than 1.2 m. The position of the elementary viewing sectors in space at a given point in time and, therefore, the element of the viewing range on the element of the corresponding section illumination in a given direction is determined by phase shifts specified administered in received signals (r. e. respective phases group reference voltages at the outputs of block 15).

Note that in the case of radar detection of a group of predetermined external objects spaced in space, for a separate view of each of these objects, when receiving signals, the specified reference voltages u _Пmoop (t), m = 1, are used. . . M, with respective predetermined phases γ _P0 + mγ _lim.

 In devices of a known type, for example, [14], a given pulse signal is emitted and received during a given time frame in a given elementary sector of space, in only one of the given directions by a fixed beam, for example, 7.2 degrees wide at zero level, after which the next pulse signal is emitted and received in the next time frame in the next elementary sector of space. All elementary sectors are within the general sector of space with a width, for example, from -45 degrees to +45 degrees.

A fixed beam of illumination of a signal with a duration of, for example, 10 μs reaches the reflecting surface of the object (for example, the surface of the earth) with a time delay for the propagation time of the fixed beam, and illuminate it with the resolution of range elements, mutually removed by at least 3000 m. a given direction in the known device is carried out by receiving reflected signals with a time delay for the propagation time of these signals from the surface of the object (for example, the surface of the earth) in in the given direction, in accordance with the specified position and width of the elementary reception sector, 7.2 degrees at the zero level, with the resolution of range elements mutually removed by at least 3000 m (2500 times worse than in the proposed radar). This resolution value is usually unacceptable for industrial applicability, and to improve the resolution in known radar systems, additional systems and devices are used, examples of which are:
- radars [12], using controlled microwave phase shifters to scan the radiation pattern during the duration of the received pulse signal. The maximum achievable scanning speed using phase shifters in the centimeter wave range is currently provided by swaying the radiation pattern in a given general field of view for 10 μs, while the proposed radar instead of this swings the radiation pattern in 0.2 μs, i.e., in 50 times faster;
- radars [13] using the movement of the aircraft and due to this using the synthesis of the aperture of the equivalent antenna. These radars are characterized in that the equivalent aperture of an antenna 1 km in size is synthesized in 1 second, that is, the collection and processing of information is 100,000 times longer to obtain the same resolution than in the proposed radar;
- radars [14], using the expansion of the spectrum of the probe signal on the transmitting side (for example, by intrapulse modulation of the signal) and compression of the received signals on the receiving side. For these devices, it is typical that for a given resolution of the signals at the output of their receiving part, for example, 12 m, i.e., for a given duration of the compressed signal of 0.004 μs, and thus for a given passband of the compression filters of the receiving part of this known device to 250 MHz, it is necessary to use the emitted signal in the same frequency range with a width of 250 MHz. In the proposed device, for a given resolution of the signals at the output of their receiving part that is the same as the known device, a group of emitted sounding signals is used in the frequency range with a total width of 5 MHz, i.e., the frequency range occupied in space is used 50 times more efficiently.

The technical effectiveness of the proposed device is as follows:
1. Compared to the prototype, N, M times (for example, 32 times) the number of spatial angular channels for simultaneous detection of signals increases (the information content and accuracy of separation and measurement of directions to external objects increase).

 2. Obtaining information about directions to external objects is much simpler in comparison with analogs, since current adjustments and adjustments of microwave circuits for each direction to external objects are not required - the generation and processing of probing and received signals is carried out simultaneously (in parallel) for all directions, in common circuits (equivalent to single-channel systems) and in real time (using modulation expansion of signal spectra).

 3. In Doppler systems, signal detection is carried out without the use of multi-channel signal filtering by Doppler frequencies, which greatly simplifies these Doppler systems.

 4. In the proposed radar, along with the use of directional antennas, the spurious signals of the spatial side channels are separated and suppressed - these spurious signals are in the side time channels, that is, the noise immunity and reliability of the radar systems are increased.

 5. In systems with fundamentally non-directional emission and reception of signals (for example, in radio altimeters [9]), the use of the proposed radar protects the system from spurious reflections and re-reflections of signals from local irregularities, structures and objects (spurious signals appear in the lateral time channels of the output pulse frame ), which increases the noise immunity and reliability of systems.

 6. In subsurface radar systems [10], the use of the proposed device protects the system from spurious signals along minor propagation paths of the probing signal (spurious signals appear in the lateral time channels of the output pulse frame), and recognition of external objects by geometric signs is also provided.

The economic efficiency of the proposed device is as follows:
1. Compared with radars using phased array antennas [1], the proposed technical solution does not require the use of expensive additional elements of current realignments and adjustments of microwave circuits for moving (rotating, scanning) in the space of the signal beams and reception directions in a circular view of the space, devices for sequential removal and inter-conjugate processing of the output signals of adjacent time channels, since the signals of these channels are immediately formed in a common time series.

 2. Compared with radar detectors using a given group of Doppler channels, the proposed technical solution uses one common receiving channel for receiving signals with Doppler shifts of the carrier frequency, and, accordingly, the cost of this part of the radar is reduced.

 The technical efficiency of the proposed device is confirmed by modeling on a digital computer signals and systems for their processing by analog prototyping and testing in the range of short waves and intermediate frequencies.

1. When simulating on a digital computer, the operation of a 100 channel synthesizer of pulsed signals from the initial harmonic signal was studied:
- the formation of a group of harmonic signals with multiple frequencies,
- the introduction of multiple phase shifts that simulate the introduced spatial shifts of the emitted and received signals,
- summing the received signals with multiple frequency and phase shifts, thereby simulating the formation of rays rotating in space during the emission of signals and synthesizing the pulses of the information frame in time channels when receiving signals (space survey).

 2. Analog modeling of a signal synthesis device with a simulation of the summation of the radiation of antenna elements was carried out at a frequency of 29 MHz using a synthesizer of coherent signals of the reference shift frequencies 17.. . 25 MHz (9 frequency channels, step of frequency shifts 1 MHz), 9 frequency converters for transferring the spectrum of the signal to combination frequencies, respectively 12.. . 4 MHz. During prototyping, amplitude-modulated sequences of pulses with a duration of 0.2 μs and a repetition period of 1 μs were obtained (synthesized). The period of the amplitude modulation of the pulse sequence was set by the corresponding change in the frequency of the initial signal within 28.5. . . 29.5 MHz

 When tuning the carrier frequency of the original signal within 28.5. . . 29.5 MHz, simulating the Doppler frequency shift of the received signal, there is a harmonic amplitude modulation of the sequence of synthesized pulses and the frequency of this harmonic amplitude modulation corresponds to the magnitude of this tuning of the carrier frequency of the original signal.

 Currently, an experimental 32-channel prototype for synthesizing pulses from continuous signals corresponding to the signal compression blocks in the transmitting and receiving parts of the proposed device has been developed and partially manufactured.

Sources of information:
1. Guide to radar, volume 1. "Fundamentals of radar" / Ed. M. Skolnik / Per. from English under the editorship of K.N. Trofimova. - M.: Sov. radio, 1976, p. 8.

2. A method for transmitting and receiving frequency signals. A. S. 1007116 USSR. - MKI G 08 С 19/12 / V.A. Shishkov. - 3321480/24, announced July 21, 81. - Publ. 03/23/83, Bull. 11. (prototype)
3. Handbook of radio relay communication. / Ed. S.V. Borodich. - M.: "Radio and Communications", 1981. p. 110-115).

 4. Jabotinsky M. E., Sverdlov Yu. L. Fundamentals of the theory and techniques of frequency multiplication. - M.: "Sov. Radio", 1964.

 5. Alekseenko A. G, Colombet E. A., Starodub G. I. Application of precision analog microcircuits. - M.: "Radio and Communications", 1985.

 6. Erofeev Yu. N. Pulse devices. - M.: "Higher School", 1989.

 7. Fradkin S. L. Fundamentals of the theory and calculation of radar receivers. - M.: "Engineering", 1969.

 8. Vazhenina Z. P., Volkova N. P., Chadovich I. I. Methods and means of time delay of pulse signals. - M.: "Sov. Radio", 1971.

 9. Sosnovsky A. A., Khaimovich I. A. Aviation radio navigation. Directory. - M.: "Transport", 1980. p. 200-218.

 10. Finkelshtein M. I. et al. Subsurface radar. - M.: "Radio and Communications", 1994.

 11. Guide to radar, vol. 2 "Radar antenna devices" / Ed. M. Skolnik. / Per. from English under the editorship of K.N. Trofimova. - M.: "Sov. Radio", 1977. p. 132-302).

 12. Ginzburg V. M. Formation and image processing in real time. Quick scan methods. - M.: "Radio and Communications", 1986., p. 227.

 13. Radar stations with digital synthesis of the antenna aperture. /IN. N. Antipov, V. T. Goryainov, A. N. Kulin et al. / Ed. V.T. Goryainova. - M.: Radio and communications, 1988).

 14. Handbook of radar, t. 3 "Radar devices and systems" / Ed. M. Skolnik. / Per. from English under the editorship of K.N. Trofimova. - M.: "Sov. Radio", 1979. S. 400-443).

Claims (6)

 1. A radar comprising a master oscillator, a carrier frequency voltage generating unit, a synchronization voltage generating unit and a radiation signal generating unit, the control input of which is connected to a cycle frequency output of the synchronizing voltage generating unit, inputs of a carrier frequency generating unit, a synchronizing voltage generating unit and a signal the input of the radiation signal generating unit is combined and connected to the output of the master oscillator, the main radiation frequency converter, with the main input of which is connected to the output of the radiation signal generation unit, the main radiation antenna, the input of which is connected to the output of the main radiation frequency converter, the main reception antenna, the main reception frequency converter, the signal input of which is connected to the output of the main reception antenna, the main reception filter, the input of which connected to the output of the main frequency converter of the reception, and a node indicating and measuring the parameters of the reception signals, the output of the stepping frequency of the reception, the output of the clock frequency and the output the frequency of the node of the formation of synchronization voltages are the outputs of the device and are connected, respectively, with the frame, cycle and clock inputs of the node of the indication and measurement of the parameters of the reception signals, characterized in that a synthesizer of the group of multiple frequencies of radiation, consisting of the main and the group of additional frequency multipliers, is introduced radiation, a unit for matching radiation frequencies, a group of additional radiation frequency converters and a group of additional radiation antennas, forming together with the main a new converter of the radiation frequency and the main antenna radiation, a node for generating rotating beams, a synthesizer of the group of multiple reception frequencies, consisting of the main and group of additional multipliers of the reception frequency, a block for matching reception frequencies, a group of additional reception antennas, a group of additional converters of the reception frequency, a group of additional reception filters, has been introduced and an adder receiving, forming together with the main converter of the receiving frequency, the main receiving antenna and the main receiving filter node cr of space, the first reference input of the radiation frequency matching unit is connected to the output of the initial radiation frequency of the synchronization voltage generating unit, the first reference input of the receiving frequency matching unit is connected to the output of the initial receiving frequency of the synchronizing voltage generating unit, the second reference input of the radiation frequency matching unit and the second reference the input of the reception frequency matching unit is combined and connected to the output of the carrier frequency voltage generating unit, the inputs of the main and group up to Additional radiation frequency multipliers are combined and connected to the output of the step frequency of the radiation of the synchronization voltage generating unit and their outputs are connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the radiation frequency matching unit, the reference inputs of the main and groups of additional radiation frequency converters are connected to the corresponding outputs of the radiation frequency matching unit, signal inputs of the group additional radiation frequency converters are combined and connected to the output of the signal generating unit the radiation catches and their outputs are connected to the inputs of the group of corresponding additional radiation antennas, the inputs of the main and the group of additional reception frequency multipliers are combined and connected to the output of the step frequency of the receiving unit for generating synchronization voltages and their outputs are connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the reception frequency matching unit, the reference inputs of the main and groups of additional transmit frequency converters are connected to the corresponding outputs of the receiving frequency matching unit, signal inputs g spp of additional transmit frequency converters are respectively connected to the outputs of a group of additional receive antennas, the inputs of a group of additional receive filters are connected to the outputs of the respective receive frequency converters and their outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the receive adder, the output of the receive adder is connected to the signal input of the indication and measurement unit of the reception signals and is the signal output of the device.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the node for generating synchronization voltages comprises a step-frequency radiation divider, an initial radiation frequency divider, a reception step-frequency divider, an initial reception frequency divider, a cyclic frequency divider and a clock frequency divider, the inputs of which are interconnected and are the input of the node and the outputs are the corresponding outputs of the node.  3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radiation signal generating unit comprises a pulse shaper, the input of which is the control input of the node, and a modulator, the signal input of which is the signal input of the node, the control input is connected to the output of the pulse shaper, and the output is node output.  4. The device according to p. 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the node indicating and measuring the parameters of the reception signals comprises a monitoring unit consisting of a pulse detector, a first sawtooth voltage shaper, a second sawtooth voltage shaper and an oscilloscope, and a Doppler meter block consisting of a pulse detector, a first sawtooth voltage generator and an oscilloscope, and a block of Doppler meters, consisting of a pulse distributor, a group of key elements, a group of detectors their pulse sequences, groups of counters and a reset pulse generator, the signal inputs of the observation unit and the Doppler meter unit are interconnected and are the signal input of the node, the cyclic inputs of the observation unit and the Doppler meter unit are interconnected and are the loop input of the node, the frame input of the observation unit and the clock input of the block of Doppler meters are, respectively, the frame and clock inputs of the node, in the monitoring block the inputs of the pulse detector, the first driver the helical voltage and the second sawtooth voltage shaper are the signal, cycle, and frame inputs of the monitoring unit and the outputs of these blocks are connected, respectively, with the input of the brightness marks, the horizontal deviation input, and the vertical deviation input of the oscilloscope, in the Doppler meter block, the clock input and reset input of the pulse distributor are the cycle and clock inputs of the block of Doppler meters, the signal inputs of the key elements are interconnected and are the signal input by the unit Doppler meters, the switching inputs of the key elements are connected to the corresponding outputs of the pulse distributor and their outputs are connected to the inputs of the respective detectors of the envelope of pulse sequences, the signal inputs of the counters are connected to the outputs of the respective detectors of the envelope of pulse sequences, the reset inputs of the counters are combined and connected to the output of the reset pulse generator and their outputs are a group of outputs of a block of Doppler meters.  5. The device according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, characterized in that the radiation frequency matching unit comprises a radiation coherent frequency shift unit, consisting of a main and a group of additional coherent radiation frequency converters, and a radiation carrier frequency generating unit, consisting of the main and the group of additional range-frequency converters of the radiation frequency, and the block matching the reception frequencies contains a block of coherent frequency shifts of reception, consisting of the main and the group of additional coherent precursors parameters of the receiving frequency, and the unit for generating carrier frequencies of the reception, consisting of the main and the group of additional range-frequency converters of the receiving frequency, the signal inputs of the main and the group of additional coherent frequency converters of the radiation are the corresponding signal inputs of the block matching the frequency of radiation, their reference inputs are interconnected and are the first the reference input of the radiation frequency matching unit, the signal inputs of the main and the group of additional range converters radiation frequencies are connected to the outputs of the respective coherent radiation frequency converters, their reference inputs are interconnected and are the second reference input of the radiation frequency matching unit and their outputs are the corresponding outputs of the radiation frequency matching unit, the signal inputs of the main and the group of additional coherent receiving frequency converters are corresponding signal the inputs of the block matching the reception frequencies, their reference inputs are interconnected and are the first reference m input of the frequency matching unit for reception, the signal inputs of the main and a group of additional range frequency inverters of the receiving frequency are connected to the outputs of the respective coherent frequency converters of the receiving frequency, their reference inputs are interconnected and are the second reference input of the unit for matching the frequency of reception and their outputs are the corresponding outputs of the frequency matching unit reception.  6. The device according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, characterized in that the main and group of additional radiation antennas and the main and group of additional reception antennas are structurally made in the form of corresponding groups of antenna elements uniformly distributed with a given linear step at the corresponding given intervals of a given straight line.

Images