RU217284U1 - VIBROPNEUM SEPARATOR OF SEEDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture. Proposed is a vibropneumoseparator of seeds, consisting of a frame, a deck having a zone of preliminary stratification and separate transportation of the components of the grain mixture sent to the receivers of cleaned seeds, intermediate fractions and waste, a fan, a drive mechanism consisting of a crank shaft and a connecting rod, a casing made in the form of an air duct , located under the deck along the connecting rod, the inlet part of the air duct is connected to the discharge channel of the fan, and the outlet is connected to the lower part of the deck. The deck is made with the main and additional stratification zones having a common wall, in the course of which there are two transportation zones expanding towards the fraction receivers and limited by internal and external walls, and a bunker is installed above the preliminary stratification zones, divided by a longitudinal partition into two parts, and the lower part the hopper, the seeds from which are sent to the main stratification zone, has a dispenser. The device provides high efficiency during operation. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, namely, to machines for cleaning crop seeds from hard-to-separate impurities that differ from the base material in density.

Known pneumatic sorting table with a trapezoidal deck ("Forsberg", USA, Technological basis for the use of pneumatic sorting tables in agriculture. / V. M. Drincha, S. A. Pavlov, V. D. Babchenko, etc. M: Rosselkhozakademiya, 2003. - 98 p., pp. 15, 16.

The disadvantage of the known device is that with a high content of hard-to-separate impurities, for example, wild oat in wheat, when cleaning seeds with the direction (recirculation) of the intermediate fraction into the source material, it is necessary to apply for recycling more than 20% of the intermediate fraction, which has a lower weediness compared to with the source material to reduce the contamination of the cleaned material. This increases the specific load on the deck and leads to a decrease in the separation quality. To improve the quality of separation, the supply of the initial material is reduced, which leads to a decrease in productivity. The use of the second pneumosorting table for cleaning the intermediate fraction increases the energy and metal consumption of the equipment. In addition, the deck of the pneumosorting table has a longitudinal and transverse angle of inclination, which complicates its adjustment.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed utility model is a vibrating pneumatic separator, consisting of a deck with a longitudinal angle of inclination, having a zone of preliminary stratification and separate transportation of the components of the grain mixture sent to the receivers of cleaned seeds, intermediate fractions and waste, a fan, a drive mechanism, consisting of a crank shaft and a connecting rod, and the fan has a suction window and a discharge channel, a casing made in the form of an air duct located under the deck along the connecting rod, the inlet part of the air duct is connected to the fan discharge channel, and the outlet - to the lower part of the deck. (Utility model patent No. 89325, class A01F/44, published on 10.12.2009).

The disadvantage of the known device is the low productivity and low yield of purified seeds, for example, wheat, barley with a high content of hard-to-separate impurities in the source material (seeds of wild radish segments, wild oats, etc.) crops to waste and a given performance. The reason for this is that a large number of weeds do not have time to separate on the working body. The use of recirculation cleaning (return of the intermediate fraction to the beginning of the deck for mixing with the initial material to be cleaned for re-separation of impurities), leads to the need to reduce the supply of the initial material by the value of the consumption characteristics of the grain flow returned to the beginning of the deck, which reduces the productivity of the machine.

The technical result consists in increasing the yield of seeds of the required purity with an acceptable loss of full-fledged seeds of the main crop to waste and a given productivity.

The technical result is achieved by:

1. The deck is made with the main and additional stratification zones having a common partition, in the continuation of which there are two transportation zones expanding towards the fraction receivers and limited by internal and external walls, and a bunker is installed above the preliminary stratification zones, divided by a longitudinal partition into two parts, and the lower part of the hopper, the seeds from which are sent to the main separation zone, has a dispenser.

2. A vibrating pneumatic seed separator, characterized in that the inner walls of the transportation zones are located at an angle of 23-24° to the direction of the deck vibrations.

3. Vibratory pneumatic seed separator, characterized in that the receivers of intermediate fractions of the main and additional zones of stratification and transportation are connected by a conveyor to a part of the bunker that does not have a seed dispenser.

A deck with the main and additional separation zones having a common partition, in the course of which there are two transportation zones expanding towards the fraction receivers and limited by internal and external walls, is necessary for successive cleaning of seeds, first, on a part of the deck with the main separation and transportation zone, and then additional purification of intermediate fractions on the part of the deck with an additional zone of stratification and transportation, obtained on the main and additional zones of stratification and transportation.

The presence of a bunker above the zones of preliminary stratification, divided by a longitudinal partition into two parts, is necessary for supplying intermediate fractions from the second part of the bunker, obtained in the main and additional zones of stratification and transportation, to an additional zone of stratification and transportation, and installing a dispenser in the part of the bunker, the seeds from which sent to the main zone of stratification and transportation, it is necessary to adjust a certain supply of seeds, and, consequently, the productivity of the machine during cleaning, depending on the type and relative content of hard-to-separate impurities.

The installation of the inner walls of the transportation zones at angles of 23-24° to the direction of the deck vibrations is due to the need to create, due to the friction forces of the seeds against the walls, in a section perpendicular to the inner walls, seed layers, the thickness of which decreases from the inner wall to the outer one.

The need to connect the receivers of intermediate fractions of the main and additional zones of stratification and transportation with a part of the bunker that does not have a seed dispenser by the conveyor is due to the additional purification of these fractions in the additional zone of stratification and transportation.

This leads to an increase in the yield of seeds of the required purity with an acceptable loss of valuable seeds to waste at a given productivity.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a vibrating pneumatic separator;

in fig. 2 shows a vibrating pneumatic separator in plan.

The vibrating pneumatic seed separator consists of a hopper 1 (Fig. 1), a deck 2 with a louvered sieve, with an air leveling surface 3 below it, a fan 4 with a discharge channel and a suction window with an iris-type damper 5. The deck is mounted on racks 6 attached to the frame 7. The deck is set in oscillatory motion by a crank shaft 8 with a connecting rod 9, along which a casing 10 is located, made in the form of an inclined air duct, the inlet of which is connected to the discharge channel of the fan 4, and the outlet to the lower parts of the main and additional zones of stratification and transportation of the deck 2.

The hopper 1 is divided by a longitudinal partition 11 (Fig. 2) into two parts - the first 12 and the second, having a dispenser 13 with a drive. The soundboard has a main 14 and an additional 15 delamination zone, having a common partition 16, in the continuation of which there are two expanding and limited by internal 17, 18 and external 19, 20 walls, transportation zones. The vibrating pneumatic separator has fraction receivers 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, valves 26, 27, 28, 29 for changing the amount of seed fractions sent to the receivers and a conveyor 30 designed to supply intermediate fractions from receivers 22 and 24 allocated to parts of the deck with the main and additional zones of stratification and transportation, to the second part of the bunker for direction to the additional zone of stratification and transportation of the deck for additional cleaning from hard-to-separate impurities and separation of seeds of the main crop into fractions.

The operation of the vibropneumoseparator is carried out as follows. The initial material, consisting of the seeds of the main crop and low-grade impurities, is fed by the dispenser 13 of the bunker to the main zone of stratification 14. In this area, as a result of vibration by the connecting rod 9 and the inclined air flow created by the fan 4, the components are redistributed according to a set of properties, including by density, by layer height. In this case, less dense components, in particular, low-grade impurities, "float" up, and denser ones - the seeds of the main crop sink down. Further, the stratified mixture enters the transportation zone bounded by walls 17 and 19. As a result of the interaction of the seed flow with wall 17, a slope occurs in the cross section of the moving seed layer, as a result of which impurities having a density less than the seeds of the main crop and located in the upper part of the layer , under the action of the gravity component move to the wall 19 and move along it. Thus, there is a distribution of seeds and impurities across the width of the fraction receivers 21, 22, 23. The impurities move along the wall 19 and are sent to the waste receiver 21. The seeds of the main crop, cleaned to the required purity, move along the 17 wall and are sent to the 23 cleaned seeds receiver. stratification zone 15 and transportation of the deck in order to clean it from impurities. The cleaning process in the additional zone of stratification and transportation occurs similarly to the main zone. The seeds of the main crop, moving along the wall 19, fall into the receiver 23, and the impurities are sent to the receiver 25. The intermediate fraction leaving the receiver 24, which has a lower contamination than the seeds fed to the deck through part of the hopper 12, is sent by the conveyor 30 to re-cleaning in the stratification zone 15. The control of the purity (contamination) of the cleaned seeds entering the receiver 23 and their output, at a given capacity, as well as the number of seeds sent to the conveyor 30, is carried out by moving valves 26 and 27, 28 and 29 .

The proposed vibro-pneumatic separator allows increasing the yield of seeds of the required purity with acceptable losses of full-fledged seeds to waste and a given productivity by separating impurities from intermediate seed fractions into parts of the deck with an additional stratification and transportation zone.

Claims (3)

1. A vibrating pneumatic seed separator, consisting of a frame, a deck having a zone of preliminary stratification and separate transportation of the components of the grain mixture sent to the receivers of cleaned seeds, intermediate fractions and waste, a fan, a drive mechanism consisting of a crank shaft and a connecting rod, and the fan has a suction window and a discharge channel, a casing made in the form of an air duct located under the deck along the connecting rod, the inlet part of the air duct is connected to the blower channel of the fan, and the outlet part is connected to the lower part of the deck, characterized in that the deck is made with the main and additional delamination zones having a common wall , in the course of which there are two transportation zones expanding to the fraction receivers and limited by internal and external walls, and above the zones of preliminary stratification there is a bunker divided by a longitudinal partition into two parts, and the lower part of the bunker, the seeds from which are sent to the main zone p layering, has a dispenser. 2. Vibrating pneumatic seed separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner walls of the transportation zones are located at an angle of 23-24° to the direction of the deck vibrations. 3. Vibrating pneumatic seed separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the receivers of intermediate fractions of the main and additional zones of stratification and transportation are connected by a conveyor to a part of the hopper that does not have a seed dispenser.

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