RU2163355C1 - Batch box - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: volumetric metering of materials difficult to pour, specifically, fodder and food mixtures used in animal husbandry. SUBSTANCE: batch box has vertical cylindrical body, working tool put on shaft located in lower part of body for joint rotation with the aid of motor drive. Shaft is mounted coaxially in body between motor drive and working tool. Working tool comes in the form of one scraper as minimum located between bottom of body that has axial hole and screen. Screen expands downwards and is mounted on shaft for joint rotation with it. Angle of horizontal plane with tangent line in any point of generating line of external surface of screen should be not less than angle of natural slope of metered material. Radius of lower edge of screen is less than internal radius of body by value ensuring possibility of free passage of metered material to scrapers between screen and body and is larger than radius of axial hole in body by value equal to product of height from lower edge of screen to bottom and cotangent of natural slope of metered material. Screen is attached with its upper part to shaft and with lower part to scrapers. EFFECT: improved operational parameters of metering. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to volumetric dosing devices for bulk and bulk materials, in particular feed and feed mixtures for farm animals.

 The prior art.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2022236 [1] for volumetric dosing of loose and bulk materials, containing a vertical cylindrical body with a working body in the form of a screw coil with a vertical axis of rotation located at the bottom of the body and rotated by means of a drive , the shaft between the drive and the working body is installed coaxially in the housing.

 The disadvantages of this device are due to the choice of auger coil as the dosing tool. The small size of the screw diameter is due to structural reasons and its allowable deformation under the influence of the weight of the dosed material. These significant drawbacks (small diameter and deformation of the working body) are the reason for the limitations of the geometrical dimensions of the cylindrical dispenser feeder (a large height is required for the required capacity of the feeder with its small diameter) and the metering operational parameters (low flow rate, low accuracy and reliability, the difficulty of preventing spontaneous leakage of granular materials through the auger winding clearance in a cylindrical body).

 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

 The technical result of using the proposed device is to significantly improve the operational parameters of the dosing: increase productivity, accuracy and reliability, as well as a significant increase in the capacity of the feeder of the dispenser.

 The technical result is ensured by the fact that in the dispenser containing the vertical cylindrical body, the working body is mounted on the shaft in the lower part of the body with the possibility of joint rotation with the drive, and the shaft between the drive and the working body is installed coaxially in the housing, the working body is made at least one scraper located between the bottom of the housing in which the axial hole is made and the screen, scrapers with the possibility of pushing the dosed material into the hole of the bottom of the housing joint rotation with the shaft, the screen is attached to the shaft and to the scrapers with the possibility of rotation together with them and is made expandable downward, the radius of the lower edge of the screen is less than the inner radius of the housing by an amount that allows free movement of the dosed material between the screen and the housing to the scrapers, and more radius the axial hole of the bottom of the housing by an amount ensuring the impossibility of spontaneous leakage of the dosed material through the hole in the bottom of the housing in the absence of rotation of the shaft with scrapers and screen Mr., for this, the radius of the lower edge of the screen must be greater than the radius of the axial hole of the bottom of the case at least equal to the product of the cotangent of the angle of repose of the dosed material by the height of the bottom edge of the screen above the bottom.

 It is preferable when, in addition, above the screen, several radially fixed stationary vertical partitions are attached to the housing, holding the shaft in the center along the axis of the housing and additionally hanging dosing material on it to reduce its friction against the rotating screen. As a result of this, the partitions significantly reduce the energy consumption of the dosing process.

 The shape of the outer surface of the screen expanding downward in the general case is not significant for the dosing process. However, according to zootechnical requirements, the dispenser of agricultural feed and feed mixtures should be completely self-cleaning to avoid damage to the residual feed stuck in it. To meet these requirements, including the exclusion of the possibility of delay of the dosed material on the screen, the angle between the horizontal plane and the tangent at any point of the generatrix line of the outer surface of the screen should be not less than the angle of repose of the dosed material.

 It is also essential that a so-called “active” gap (a gap with a movable edge) is formed between the rotating screen and the stationary case; in such a gap, jamming of the dosed material is practically excluded.

 This design of the dispenser is distinguished by high reliability and accuracy in operation, the impossibility of spontaneous leakage of bulk materials in the absence of rotation of the shaft with scrapers and a screen. Low energy consumption and high stability of the dosing process are ensured by a small and constant pressure of the material in the area of action of the working body (scrapers) and the screen due to the physical effect of hanging the material on the walls of the housing and partitions.

 The height and inner diameter of the casing, the number of scrapers and radial partitions are determined from the requirements for the dispenser and its operation: in terms of flow rate, rotation speed, accuracy, stability and energy consumption of the dispensing, according to the feeder capacity, determined by the material’s need for a work shift, etc. . In addition, all geometrical parameters of the dispenser critical for dosing are calculated taking into account the physicomechanical properties of the dosed material, primarily its angle of repose.

 Enumeration of figures.

 In FIG. 1 and 2 schematically depict the described device, respectively, in sections AA (on the side, with the metered material) and BB (above, in the absence of metered material).

 Information about the possibility of carrying out the invention.

 The dispenser consists of a housing 1, a working body 2 in the form of a scraper (shown is a variant with one scraper curved in the direction of its rotation (the direction is indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2), for example, along the line of the Archimedes spiral for greater dispensing efficiency, primarily to reduce energy consumption), drive 3, shaft 4, bottom 5, screen 6, partitions 7 (a typical variant with two radial partitions is shown). In addition to the arrow of direction of rotation of the scraper 2 in FIG. 2 with the other arrow in FIG. 1 also shows the direction of pushing with a scraper 2 into the opening of the bottom 5 of the dosed material, conventionally indicated by dots.

 The dispenser works as follows. Under the influence of its own gravitational forces, the dosed material flows from the dispenser feeder into the gap between the screen 6 and the housing 1 to the working body (scraper) 2. When rotating from the drive 3, the scraper 2 uniformly, metered, drops the material coming from above to the bottom of the bottom 5 for further use by appointment. In the absence of rotation, dosing is stopped, and spontaneous leakage of material through the hole in the bottom 5 is impossible due to the geometry of the device.

Sourse of information
1. RF patent N 2022236, G 01 F 13/00, 1994. Bull. N 20.

Claims (4)

 1. A dispenser containing a vertical cylindrical housing, a working body mounted on a shaft in the lower part of the housing with the possibility of rotation together with it by means of a drive, the shaft between the drive and the working body is installed coaxially in the housing, characterized in that the working body is made in the form of at least one scraper located between the bottom of the housing, in which the axial hole is made, and the screen with the possibility of pushing the dosed material into the through hole of the bottom of the housing during joint rotation with the shaft, the screen attached to the shaft and to the scrapers with the possibility of rotation together with it and made expanding downward, the radius of the lower edge of the screen is less than the inner radius of the housing by an amount that allows free movement of the dosed material between the screen and the housing to the scrapers, and more than the radius of the axial hole of the bottom of the housing by , ensuring the impossibility of spontaneous leakage of the dosed material through the hole in the bottom of the housing in the absence of rotation of the shaft with scrapers and a screen.  2. The dispenser according to claim 1, characterized in that several radially arranged stationary vertical partitions are attached above the screen to the housing.  3. A dispenser according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the angle between the horizontal plane and the tangent at any point of the generatrix line of the outer surface of the screen must be not less than the angle of repose of the dosed material.  4. A dispenser according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radius of the lower edge of the screen must be greater than the radius of the axial hole of the bottom of the body by an amount equal to the product of the cotangent of the angle of repose of the dosed material by the height of the bottom edge of the screen above the bottom of the body.

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