RU2150484C1 - Method of preparing sodium humate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: peat processing. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparing mother solution of sodium humate that can find use in agriculture, metallurgy, rubber industry, veterinary, medicine, woodworking, and food industry. Peat is dried, broken to particle size no greater than 1 mm, screened, and packaged together with NaOH reagent (50 g per 1 kg peat) into bags of nonwoven hygroscopic material 30 x 40 cm in size. Bags are tightly closed. To prepare mother solution, bags are placed into plastic vessel and flooded with water at temperature 70-80 C observing ratio of starting material to liquid from 1:20 to 1:25. Using pressing on bags, liquid is thoroughly stirred for 10-15 min until brown- colored foam appears. Vessel is then tightly closed and steaming is carried out for 2-3 h. Thereafter, liquid in the vessel is once more stirred, bags are removed and thoroughly squeezed. EFFECT: simplified and made less expensive preparation technology, increased concentration of product solution. 1 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to a method for producing a mother liquor of humate from natural raw materials, namely from peat, and can be widely used in various fields of the national economy: in agriculture (plant growing, horticulture, animal husbandry, poultry farming), in metallurgy, rubber industry, woodworking industry, veterinary medicine, food industry.

 The problem of developing cheap technologies for producing biologically active preparations from natural raw materials is an urgent task.

 The important biological role of humus in nature and its effect on plant and other organisms constantly draw attention to humic substances (HS).

 Modern information on the nature and properties of HS, especially their valuable component - humic acids (HA), is rather widely reflected in various sources of information.

 The main stages of the process of obtaining HA can be characterized as follows: preparation of a peat suspension (1:20), hydrolysis of peat in an acidic medium (4% sulfuric acid) for 4 hours, alkalization of the product to pH 12 - 13, alkaline treatment in within 1 hour, acidification of the hydrolyzate to a pH of 3.4 - 4.0, separation from the liquid product of the humic complex by centrifugation (G.V. Naumova "Peat in Biotechnology", Minsk, "Science and Technology", 1987, p. 85).

 Humic preparations of acid-base hydrolysis in comparison with the initial HA have a higher degree of oxidation, paramagnetism, which increases their biological activity.

A known method of preparing an organic reagent (US Pat. RF N 2025515, C 22 B 3/16, 10.06.92), which consists in mixing peat with a solution of sodium hydroxide, heat treatment of the mixture, separation of the organic reagent solution by filtration. Heat treatment of the mixture is carried out at a temperature of 115 - 130 ^o C. Leaching of metals from raw materials with an organic reagent is carried out in the following heat treatment mode: pressure 0.3 - 0.5 atm for 10 - 30 minutes at a process temperature of up to 130 ^o C.

A known method of preparing peat for its complex processing (AS USSR N 1460036, C 10 F 9/00) for chemical products by extraction of peat with boiling BR gasoline (distillation gasoline) to obtain wax and humic acid. Peat is preliminarily subjected to heat treatment before extraction at a temperature of 225 - 275 ^o C in the environment of decomposition gases, followed by rapid cooling.

A known method of producing humic acids (AS USSR N 1509393, C 10 F 9/00) from peat, including drying, grinding, treatment with alkali, the selection of target products. The crushed dried peat is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 225 - 275 ^o C in the environment of decomposition gases, the solid thermolysis residue is subjected to treatment with BR gasoline to extract wax, and then the residue is treated with an alkali solution and humic acids are isolated by acidification (prototype).

 A disadvantage of the known methods is the complexity of the process.

 An object of the invention is to simplify the method of obtaining a mother liquor of sodium humate and the cost of the process, as well as obtaining the most concentrated (mother) solution of sodium humate.

To this end, a method for producing sodium humate is proposed, which includes drying, grinding and sieving the starting material (peat), processing the starting material with the isolation of the target product. The starting material is crushed to a particle size of not more than 1 mm and dosed with NaOH reagent at the rate of 1 kg of peat and 50 g of NaOH into hygroscopic non-woven fabric bags 36 x 40 cm in size, the bags are tightly corked, to obtain a mother liquor, the package is placed in a container up to 25 liters and pour water with a temperature of 70 - 80 ^o C in an amount of 20 - 25 liters, the liquid with the bag in the container is thoroughly mixed for 10 - 15 minutes, then the container is tightly closed and steaming for 2 to 3 hours, then the liquid in the container mix thoroughly again They are removed, the packet is taken from the container and squeezed.

 The resulting solution - the mother liquor of sodium humate - is used as directed. Squeezed bags - the solid fraction is disposed of.

 The drawing shows a flow chart for obtaining a mother liquor of sodium humate, where: 1 - receiving hopper, 2 - vibrating screen, 3 - gearbox, 4 - motor, 5 - metering hopper, 6 - packaging unit, 7 - thermal pack equipment, 8 - warehouse finished products.

The raw material for the preparation of sodium humate is, for example, sedge lowland milled peat with a degree of decomposition of at least 20%. The feedstock is dried to a moisture content of 40 - 45% and ground in a grinding machine when a sieve with a diameter of not more than 1 mm is installed, then it is fed to a metering hopper. From the metering hopper, the product is Packed in bags of, for example, 36 x 40 cm, and 50 g of NaOH are taken per 1 kg of peat, which is Packed together with peat in the same package. For packages using non-woven absorbent material, such as covering material SPANBOND. Packages are tightly sealed, for example, sewn up, and placed in plastic bags for easy transportation. To prepare the mother liquor, the bag is removed from the polypropylene bag, placed in a plastic container made of food-grade plastic with a volume of, for example, up to 25 liters and filled with water at a temperature of 70 - 80 ^o C in an amount, for example, 20 - 25 liters. Intensively mix the liquid in the container, pressing on the bag for 10 - 15 minutes until brown foam is released, and tightly close the lid. Steaming lead for 2 to 3 hours. Then again intensively mix the liquid in the container by pressing on the bag, remove the bag and squeeze it carefully. The pressed solid fraction bags are disposed of. The liquid fraction is a concentrated (mother) solution of sodium humate.

 Packing of raw materials in an amount of 1 kg is selected based on the convenience of compiling proportions "source material: liquid".

 Using non-woven absorbent material for the manufacture of bags allows you to use the bag as a kind of reactor.

The water temperature for pouring the feedstock 70 - 80 ^o C is selected based on the preservation of the cells of the feedstock in a "living state".

 The time of mixing the liquid in the tank for 10-15 minutes is selected based on the saturation of the feedstock with oxygen from the air and the complete dissolution of NaOH in the liquid (water).

 Steaming of the feedstock for 2 to 3 hours is selected based on the total separation of the HA.

В предлагаемом процессе учтены все требования, предъявляемые к технологическим процессам получения качественного гумата натрия: наличие гидромодуля; окислительный процесс происходит за счет расчитанного размера пакета, свободного перемещения в нем измельченного торфа, растворения реагента в жидкости в сочетании с кислородом, находящимся в пакете, pH 7 - 8.The structural formula of humic acid according to S.S. Dragunov has the form:

In the proposed process, all the requirements for technological processes for obtaining high-quality sodium humate are taken into account: the presence of a hydraulic module; the oxidation process occurs due to the calculated packet size, free movement of chopped peat in it, dissolution of the reagent in a liquid in combination with oxygen in the packet, pH 7 - 8.

 In the table. 1 shows the outputs of water-soluble and hydrolyzable substances from the source peat.

 In the table. 2 shows the characteristics of humic acid of the original peat.

The moisture and ash content of the initial peat is determined by the following standards: analytical humidity ω ^α according to GOST 11305-83, analytical ash A ^α - according to GOST 11306-83.

 Humidity and ash content of the initial peat are given in table. 3.

 In the table. 4 shows a comparative analysis of the elemental composition of sodium humate obtained by the proposed method and the prototype method.

 The target product is a mother liquor of sodium humate, according to the proposed method, the filtered solution without ballast is obtained without using a reactor and a centrifuge and other expensive equipment.

 So, for example, the technological equipment of the prototype method includes: a heat treatment unit with a steel reactor, a chromel-alumel thermocouple in a steel case with a potentiometer, an electric motor with a speed controller, a tube furnace, a laboratory autotransformer.

 The cooling unit consists of a shower and a receiving bath; mine dryer, grinding machine, vibrating screen.

 The resulting preparation - sodium humate - is an environmentally friendly product of natural origin, with high biological activity against a wide class of substances of organic and mineral nature. It has antimicrobial properties: it inhibits the vital activity of pathogenic microflora, contains organic acids that can destroy acid-unstable toxins, has astringent properties, activates metabolism, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, enhances respiration, increases the utilization of feed nutrients, stimulates the microflora's vital activity, accelerates growth and formation organism.

 The characteristics considered are confirmed by: the State Commission on Chemical Pest Control Products, Plant Diseases and Weeds; All-Union Oncological Scientific Center (Moscow); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology (Moscow); Carcinogenic Substances and Prevention Committee (Moscow); Veterinary Pharmacological Council (Moscow); State Agro-Industrial Committee (Moscow), Ministry of Agriculture under the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region (Ekaterinburg); CJSC "Bogdanovich bird" (Sverdlovsk region), etc.

 The drug is certified.

Claims (1)

A method of producing sodium humate, including drying, grinding and sieving of the starting material, processing the starting material with the isolation of the target product, characterized in that, for example, sedge lowland milling peat is used as the starting material, which is ground to a particle size of not more than 1 mm, dosed and packed together with NaOH reagent in bags of non-woven absorbent material 36x40 cm in size, 50 g of NaOH are taken per 1 kg of peat, the bags are tightly corked, packages are placed in a container to obtain a mother liquor and pour water at a temperature of 70 - 80 ^o C in the ratio of the starting material / liquid 1:20 - 1:25, pressing on the package, the liquid in the container is thoroughly mixed for 10 - 15 minutes, then the container is tightly closed and steaming for 2 - 3 hours, again thoroughly mix the liquid in the container, remove the bag from the container and squeeze it carefully.

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