RU2031834C1 - Hydroreacting material for hydrogen preparing and a method of its preparing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: material has components at the following ratio, wt.-%: zinc 0.5-0.02; catalyst 0.5-3.0. Nickel and/or cobalt, and/or manganese is used as a catalyst. Material is prepared by the following method: magnesium is heated up to melting point, and catalyst and zinc were added to it. Melt is stirred and poured. Ingot is cooled at the rate 0.1-2.0 degree/s. Catalyst concentration in the melt is determined depending on the required rate of hydrogen evolving by the formula given in invention description. Material is used in hydrogen-oxygen fuel members. EFFECT: improved method of preparing. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy, in particular to metal compounds that produce hydrogen when interacting with water, and is used in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, internal combustion engines, pontoons for hydrogen purging, gas generators for metal cutting, welding and brazing apparatuses, plasma chemistry creating a reducing gas environment, etc.

 There are various technologies for producing hydrogen, for example, by electrolysis of water, processing of coal using known water-gas reactions, processing of natural gases and from metal compounds.

 A known class of metal compounds called hydrides and which are sources of hydrogen - hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals and their alloys, metals of group III and their alloys, etc. [1]. Hydrides, under certain conditions, absorb hydrogen, and under others, they release it.

 The above sources of hydrogen are expensive (expensive metals used in them, a complex technology for producing both hydrides themselves and hydrogen from them). In addition, the reactions for producing hydrogen from hydrides are inertial, since hydrides are chemically unstable.

 Magnesium is the cheapest of the above metals, so the production of hydrogen from its hydrides has found quite widespread use.

 Known, for example, a composition for the accumulation of hydrogen based on magnesium, containing 20-30 wt.% Nickel and an additional 0.15-1.5 wt.% Silicon to increase its sorption capacity [2].

 The disadvantages of this composition are its low corrosion resistance, since magnesium is very active when interacting with water, and a low efficiency due to the high nickel content. Such compositions require special storage conditions.

 Known materials for the production of hydrogen by their interaction with water, called hydroreacting.

 Such materials include, for example, aluminum-based materials containing various metals as a catalyst.

 The goal is achieved in that the hydroreacting material for producing hydrogen contains zinc, a catalyst and magnesium in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Zinc 0.05-0.02 Catalyst 0.5-3.0 Magnesium, the rest being nickel and a catalyst cobalt and / or manganese.

где С - концентрация катализатора в сплаве, мас.%;
V - скорость выделения водорода, см³/см²;
l - основание натуральных логарифмов;
t - температура в зоне реакции образования водорода, ^оС;
14 - коэффициент.The goal is also achieved by the fact that in the production of a hydroreactive material, including heating the base of the material, introducing the catalyst into it, casting the material and cooling it, magnesium is used as the base, which is heated to the melting point, the catalyst and passivator are introduced into the melt, mixed, and the casting the resulting alloy is cooled at a speed of 0.1-2.0 deg / s. In this case, the concentration of catalyst additives is determined depending on the required hydrogen evolution rate according to the following formula:
C =

where C is the concentration of catalyst in the alloy, wt.%;
V is the rate of hydrogen evolution, cm ³ / cm ² ;
l is the base of the natural logarithms;
t is the temperature in the reaction zone of the formation of hydrogen, ^о С;
14 - coefficient.

 The results of experimental studies have shown that, depending on the amount of catalyst and passivator, the alloys exhibit slightly different properties, and the cooling rate of the castings from these alloys is also important.

PRI me R 1. An alloy for quick response, used, for example, to purge a submarine system. 20 kg of magnesium, for example, grade MG95, were placed in an induction furnace, it was melted, 0.6 kg of nickel (3 wt.%) And 0.05 kg of zinc, for example, grade TsO, were introduced in solid form. Alloy stirred with a mechanical stirrer, followed by casting and the casting produced was cooled at 2 deg / s ^to 50 ° C, the casting is performed in a water-cooled form. In this case, the rate of hydrogen evolution during interaction with seawater is 100 m ³ / s.

PRI me R 2. The slow response alloy, used, for example, for hydrostats of sea buoys. Alloy composition, wt.%: Nickel 0.5; cobalt 0.2; zinc is 0.05. The casting alloy is cooled at a rate of 0.1 ° C / s to 50 ° ^C. The alloy is less dense structure than in Example 1 because the cooling rate is less. The rate of hydrogen evolution during interaction with seawater is 10 m ³ / s.

PRI me R 3. Alloy for use, for example, in internal combustion engines. The composition of the alloy, wt.%: Nickel 1; manganese 0.02; zinc 0.03. In all examples, the temperature of the reaction of hydrogen evolution of 100 ^about C.

= 0,5
Таким образом С - искомая концентрация катализатора для этой скорости газовыделения равна:
С=0,5 мас.%
Остальные примеры сплавов с различным содержанием компонентов приведены в таблице.Calculation example. Assume required hydrogen release rate of 10 cm / xx min cm at T = 100 ^C. Then the catalyst concentration determined from the equation:
C =

= 0.5
Thus, C is the desired catalyst concentration for this gas evolution rate:
C = 0.5 wt.%
Other examples of alloys with different component contents are given in the table.

 The experimental results show that the amount of nickel in the alloy is of greatest importance for the efficiency of hydrogen evolution.

 Thus, the proposed composition of the hydroreacting material has a high corrosion resistance in air, while the efficiency of the process of hydrogen evolution is 99.0-99.9%.

Claims (2)

 HYDRORAGING MATERIAL FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN. 1. A hydroreacting material for producing hydrogen, containing zinc, a catalyst and magnesium, characterized in that, in order to increase the corrosion resistance of the material in air and hydrogen production, nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese are used as a catalyst in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Zinc - 0.5 - 0.02
Catalyst - 0.5 - 3.0
Magnesium - Else
2. A method of producing a hydroreacting material for producing hydrogen, comprising heating a hydrogen-generating substance, introducing a catalyst into it, casting the material and cooling the casting, characterized in that, in order to increase the corrosion resistance of the material in air and hydrogen production, as a hydrogen-generating substance magnesium is used, it is heated to the melting temperature and zinc is introduced into the melt simultaneously with the catalyst, mixed, and the casting is cooled at a rate of 0.1 - 2.0 g ad / s, and the concentration of catalyst in the alloy is determined depending on the desired rate of hydrogen evolution according to the formula

where V is the rate of hydrogen evolution, cm ³ / cm ² ;
C is the concentration of catalyst in the alloy, wt.%;
t is the temperature in the hydrogen formation reaction zone;
e is the base of the natural logarithm;
14 - coefficient.

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